Key Notes

Chapter-09
Some Application to Trigonometry

• The height or length of an object or the distance between two distant objects can be
determined with the help of trigonometric ratio.

• The line of sight is the line drawn from the eye of an observer to the point of the object
viewed by the observer.

• Trigonometric Ratios: In ∆ABC, ∠B = 90o , for angle ' A '

Perpendicular Base P erpendicular

Sin A = , Cos A = , tan A =
Hypotenuse Hypotenuse Base

Base Hypotenuse Hypotenuse

Cot A = , Sec A = , cos ec A =
Perpendicular Base Perpendicular

• Reciprocal Relations:

1 1
sin θ = , cos ec θ =
cos ec θ sin θ

1 1
cos θ = , s ec θ =
s ec θ cos θ

1 1
tan θ = , cot θ =
cot θ tan θ

• Quotient Relations:

sin θ cos θ
tan θ = , cot θ =
cos θ sin θ

• Identities: sin 2 + cos 2 = 1 ⇒ sin 2 θ = 1 – cos 2θ and cos 2 θ = 1 – sin 2 θ

Material downloaded from http://www.ncertsolutions.in

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
 Key Notes
1 + cot 2 θ = cos ec2θ ⇒ cot 2 θ = cos ec2θ − 1 and cos ec2θ − cot 2 θ = 1
1 + tan 2 θ = sec2 θ ⇒ tan 2 θ = sec2 θ − 1 and sec2 θ − tan 2 θ = 1

• Trigonometric Ratios of Some Specific Angles:

• Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles:

sin (90o − θ) = cos θ , cos (90o − θ) = sin θ , tan (90o − θ) = cot θ

cot (90o − θ) = tan θ , sec (90o − θ) = cos ec θ , cos ec (90o − θ) = sec θ

• Line of Sight: The line of sight is the line drawn from the eyes of an observer to a point in the
object viewed by the observer.

• Angle of Elevation: The angle of elevation is the angle formed by the line of sight with the
horizontal, when it is above the horizontal level i.e. the case when we raise our head to look at
the object.

• Angle of Depression: The angle of depression is the angle formed by the line of sight with
the horizontal when it is below the horizontal i.e. case when we lower our head to look at the
object.

Material downloaded from http://www.ncertsolutions.in

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks