TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents
Introduction .1

Terminologies .2

Basic Safety Rules .3

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE ) .6

Work Permit System .9

Gas Testing System .13

Lock Out (LOTO) .18

Car Seal .21

Hydrogen Sulfid (H2S) .23

Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) .27

Excavation and Trenching .30

Abrasive Blasting and Coating .36

Comperssed Gas cylinders .39

Crane Operation and Rigging Equipment .45

Welding .50

Eletrical .54

Fall Protection .57

Pressure Testing (Hydro Testing) .65

Radiation .67

Heavy Equipment .68

Vacuum Trucks (super sucker) .73

References .77
INTRODUCTION
Introduction

The intent of the Quick Safety Reference Book is to

provide South Area Gas Producing employees with
basic rules, regulations, procedures, and general
safety instructions needed to perform work safely.

This book is not intended to be a comprehensive

safety guide that addresses every situation that
might arise. Instead, it is intended as a quick
reference guide. Ask your Supervisor or Safety
Advisor for detailed information. It is every
employee’s responsibility to apply safety behaviors
to their work and personal habits and to comply
with the safety requirements.

This book has been prepared with your safety and

wellbeing in mind. You are expected to read this
book entirely, follow the safety rules and
regulations as you perform your daily work
assignments. By doing so, you will create a safer
place to work and fulfill your responsibility to your
company where we reflect our Upstream Business
Line logo:
SAFETY FIRST

Page 1
TERMINOLOGIES
Terminologies
CSM: Construction Safety Manual.

SMS: Safety Management System

PPE: Personal Protective Equipment.

H2S: Hydrogen Sulfide.

LEL: lower explosive limit.

CO: Carbon Monoxide.

LOTO: Lock Out/Tag Out.

Lack of knowledge: an insufficiency, shortage, or absence of knowledge required or desired

Attitude: manner, disposition, feeling, position, etc., with regard to a person or thing; tendency or
orientation, especially of the mind.

Neglecting: to pay no attention or too little attention to; disregard or slight.

SCBA: Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus.

CS: Car Seal.

CSC: Car-Seal-Closed.

CSO: Car-Seal-Open.

P&ID: Piping and Instrumentation Diagram.

ESD: Emergency Shut Down.

NORM: Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material.

PPM: Parts Per Million.

HEPA: High Efficiency Particulate Air

RPE: Respiratory Protective Equipment

T&I: Testing and Inspection

PVC: Polyvinyl chloride is a chemically and mechanically stable material with excellent fire retarding
properties, and is a safe plastic under normal conditions

NBR: Nitrile or Buna Rubber

Page 2
BASIC SAFETY RULES
Basic Safety Rules

Emergency Reporting Instructions

Telephone: 911 (from a Saudi Aramco telephone)

Report as Follows: Say : This is an emergency!

Provide Location (e.g., Plant,
I am calling from :
Building No.)
Provide Nature of Emergency
I see a : (e.g., fire, explosion, gas release,
hostile act, bomb threat*)
Provide Quantity of people hurt
There are :
and requiring medical assistance
The phone no. here is : Provide Phone Number
My name is : Provide Your Name
My badge number is : Provide Your Badge No.

 *Note: In the event of a threat (e.g., bomb), relate the actual threat to Security if
possible.
Repeat the above information and answer questions do
not hang up the phone until told to do so.
From an outside phone or mobile phone, call:

Central (Eastern) Area : 013-872-0911

Southern Area(ABQ) : 013-572-0911

Southern Area(UDH) : 013-576-7911

Northern Area : 013-673-0911

Central Region : 011-285-0911

Western Region : 012-427-0911

After the message has been given successfully, the reporting individual should imp-
immediately do whatever he can to safely control the emergency situation.

 Note: If outside Saudi Aramco or mobile phone, or if 911 is busy, utilize SAGPD
radio emergency channel.

Page 3
BASIC SAFETY RULES
Safety Attitude Introduction

It seems as if humans do their best to avoid pain and death. Despite this, many of us
behave in a manner that is a threat to our own well-being. There are basically two reasons
why this happens:
 Lack of knowledge
 Attitude

Nobody is perfect; even the best of us can forget or make an error in judgment. Therefore,
to maximize our safety efforts, we must look out for one another. If someone tells you that
you are not working safely, don’t become angry or defensive; that person is just looking
out for your well-being.
If you didn’t know you were doing something unsafe, be thankful that your actions were
noticed before you or someone else was injured.
A GOOD SAFETY ATTITUDE TOWARD LAWS, RULES, AND
HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES IS THE BEST WAY TO PROTECT
YOURSELF AND YOUR FELLOW EMPLOYEES FROM ACCIDENTS

Remember, attitude affects behavior! If you have a positive attitude towards safety, the
odds are that you will exhibit safe behavior, while a negative attitude will only cause
conflict, stress and eventually a mishap.

Page 4
BASIC SAFETY RULES
 ATTITUDE [THOUGHTS + FEELINGS + ACTIONS] = RESULTS

Ignoring safety rules

At work, some employees ignore safety rules because they are:

 In a hurry
 Figure accidents always happen to others
 Tired, careless, complacent, or ignorant

Every time employees engage in unsafe acts, they are taking a gamble-betting
that an accident won't occur. Is your health, and possibly your life, worth such a
gamble?
When employees are aware of safety rules and break them anyway, we say they
have unsafe attitudes. The next time you are about to break a safety rule, stop
and think about what could happen to you, your co-workers, or your family.
Imagine the pain, the inconvenience, and the lost time and money that could
result. Then do the job correctly, the safe way.

Basic safety rules

Here are a few basic safety rules that should always be followed:
 Report all accidents to your supervisor, even though they may seem minor
at the time. Studying the causes of accidents points out ways they can be
avoided in the future.
 Practice good housekeeping to prevent slips and falls-your own and anyone
else's. Clean up spills and keep all areas free of clutter.
 Know which types of fire extinguishers may be used safely for each class of
fire.
 Use good body mechanics when lifting and moving objects. Get help when
you need it and let your legs, not your back, do the work. . Use the PPE
you've been assigned-every time.
 Take precautions before using electrical equipment. Make sure it's in good
condition.
 Never use alcohol or drugs at work, especially if you drive or operate
machinery.
 Remember to share your own safe attitudes and habits with your co-
workers.
 Be sure to get the appropriate training. Having a good safety attitude
includes being willing to listen and learn, and not think you know it all
 Always put safety first. That includes putting it ahead of rushing to get the
job done.

Page 5
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
At Saudi Aramco, engineering and administrative controls measures are used to
eliminate and control potential workplace hazards. However, when they are not
feasible or effective in reducing exposure hazards to acceptable levels, workers
must use proper personal protective equipment (PPE).

According to the Saudi Aramco Safety Handbook, at minimum, hard hats, safety
glasses with side shields and safety shoes must be worn in Saudi Aramco
designated areas and on project work sites.

Additional PPE must be selected and used based on the results of a documented
PPE needs analysis, which considers the exposure hazards, materials handled and
activities performed.

The personal protective items that you will use in the field are:

 Safety Hat
 Safety Shoes
 Safety Glasses and Goggles
 Gloves
 Coveralls
 Ear Muffs and Ear Plugs
You must be trained in the proper inspection, use, maintenance and storage of
your personal protective equipment’s; PPE.

PPE Categories

Workplace hazards can expose various body parts, such as the head — including
the eyes and face — hands, feet, hearing and the respiratory system to risk of
injury. In addition, fall hazards present a significant risk to the body that can
even result in death.

Page 6
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
PPE is designed to protect:

 REMEMBER THAT YOU MAY BE SKILLED AT YOUR JOB AND CAREFUL ABOUT
WORKING SAFELY, BUT SOMETIMES ALL THAT STANDS BETWEEN YOU AND AN
INJURY IS YOUR PPE.

Page 7
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
PPE LP Poster

Page 8
WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
Work Permit System
A work permit is a basic requirement of Saudi Aramco’s safety management
system (SMS). Work permits serve as official records of conditions,
requirements and appropriate control measures agreed upon by the issuer and
receiver. They list minimum safety precautions to be taken to control the
hazards.

The work permit system authorizes specific construction, maintenance,

inspection, or repair to be conducted in the company’s restricted areas. The
program is applied to those jobs which represent a potential hazard to company
operations, facilities, personnel, or equipment.

The Work permits are initiated by supervisors who are certified by their division
or department to issue work permits for restricted areas under their supervision
(also called permit issuers).

 GI 2.100 has the minimum guidelines and responsibilities when

issuing/receiving work permits, and for certifying those responsible for
implementing the system.

Work Permits Types

There are four categories of Saudi Aramco maintenance jobs: Equipment

Opening/Line Break, hot work, cold work, and work requiring entry into confined
spaces. For each type of maintenance job, there is a different work permit. The
types of work permits issued for any work or combination of work tasks are
identified below:
 Equipment Opening/Line Break Permit
 Hot Work
 Cold Work
 Confined Space Entry

Work permit programs prevent incidents and accidents by requiring a thorough

review of work tasks and job site conditions before hazardous work tasks can begin.
Failure to comply with the Work Permit Program has the potential for serious
injury and even loss of life and property.
You need to work safely to protect yourself, your coworkers, contractors, and
community and company assets.

Page 9
 WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
Work Permit Types
Hot Work Cold Work Equipment Confined Space Entry
Opening/Line Break
Permit

Any work that develops Work on a job that does not Equipment Any CONFINED SPACE. A
produce enough energy to Opening/Line Break is confined space is any space,
sparks, flames, or heat that ignite flammable
any activity associated
can cause ignition. This work atmospheres or materials. tank, vessel, pipeline, vault or
with the initial opening
permit applies to using spark You must remember that of equipment that is excavation over 4 feet deep
or flame producing tools and cold work can still be very part of a closed system which is not normally
equipment’s, including hazardous. During the Joint that may contain intended for human
internal combustion engines Site Inspection you must hazardous materials. occupancy, in which
check for any hazards, even
in restricted areas. movement is restricted and
if the work is cold.
which has the potential to
contain hazardous materials.
Examples include work on or in
close to live electrical apparatus Examples include work Examples You need
in a classified area, when a with hand tools, sand this permit when Examples include tank
vehicle enters a plant, welding,
removal, asbestos opening equipment, cleaning, tank inspection, or
torch use, grinding, blasting, etc.
removal or repair, installing blinds, work in sewers or trenches 1.2
Every hot work job is different
and may involve different
scaffold erection, brush opening a line, or m (4 feet) or deeper.
hazards. However, some things painting, etc. draining a vessel.
must always be checked.

The basic precautions The basic precautions are:

are: remove ignition isolate equipment, take gas
The basic precautions
The basic precautions are: sources, check wind tests, clean and purge, install
are: take gas tests, wear direction, check path of
take gas tests, cover sewers, lighting, assign a Standby Man,
appropriate personal drainage. You may also
blind, isolate, clean or purge install Air Movers, and wear
protective equipment, need; respiratory
equipment, maintain a Fire appropriate personal
use a Standby Man, set up protection, Fire Watch or
Watch, and check and have protective equipment
barricades and warning Standby Man, barricades
fire protection equipment
signs and follow specific and warning signs.
available.
work procedures

Page 10
WORK PERMIT SYSTEM

Work Permit Courses & Certification

Work permit courses are conducted by the Training & Career Development. The
purpose of the courses is to acquaint potential issuers/receivers/gas testers with
the work permit system, to administer written tests and to issue work permit
certificates to successful candidates.

Work Permit Issuer Certificate

Work Permit Receiver Certificate

A two years validity certificate will be issued to the employee’s management

indicating that they have successfully completed the certification exam for
issuers, receivers, and/or gas testers as appropriate.

Joint Site Inspection

Before a work permit is issued for a job, the jobsite is inspected. This inspection
is done together by operations and maintenance personnel doing the work.
Because both departments participate in the inspection, we call it a joint
inspection.
The joint inspection identifies potential hazards and ensures that all personnel
involved from both departments are aware of the job to be done.

Page 11
WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
ALWAYS MAKE A JOINT SITE INSPECTION TO
IDENTIFY WORK PERMIT REQUIREMENT AND LIST
ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS, IF ANY.

Each work permit has a space to indicate that a joint inspection was carried
out. If no inspection was carried out, the reason why must be stated.

Each work permit is a safety checklist. The actions required on the front side of
the work permits are the absolute minimum safety regulations. The person who
issues the work permit will make sure that all the safety regulations are met.

As work permit issuer or receiver, you must check that all the safety regulations
are followed and you must stop the work immediately if the worksite conditions
are unsafe.

The Hazard Analysis Checklist (completed during the joint site inspection) has been completed
and signed by the issuer (or his designated rep) and the receiver after verifying that the
controls developed for this task are sufficient and are in place.

Stop Work Authority

All personnel, whether Saudi Aramco employee or

contractor, have the authority and obligation to stop any
observed unsafe work at all locations covered

YOU ARE EMPOWERED TO STOP UNSAFE JOBS

Page 12
GAS TESTING SYSTEM
Gas Testing System
Gas testing is required in all locations where injury to
personal or damage to property could occur from the
presence of flammable gases, toxic gases or oxygen
enriched or deficient environments. Gas testing shall be
performed before issuing work permits and either
continuously or periodically during work activities, as
necessary
Why is gas testing carried out?

The atmosphere needs to be Gas Testing monitored whenever working around or

inside confined spaces that contained flammable or toxic gases such as vessels,
sump pits, tanks, or sewers to ensure your safety. Gas testing is required to ensure a
safe work place. Gases can be hazardous in several ways. For example, when vessels
are being cleaned, chances are that flammable or toxic material can be released
from sludge deposit. A simple spark can ignite the vapor and create a huge
explosion. In this case, continuous gas monitoring must be done.

When is gas testing carried out?

A gas test must be done before issuing a work permit whenever you suspect that a gas can
be:

 Flammable and Explosive

 Toxic
 Oxygen Deficient or Enrichment

Gas Monitoring Equipment

The Saudi Aramco-approved gas monitoring equipment (MX4, MX6) are used to
continuously and simultaneously to perform atmospheric gas tests to monitor the
presence of combustible gases or vapors, toxic substances and oxygen concentration in
air; as required by GI 2.100, Work Permit System.

Gas Monitoring Equipment’s And Accessories

Page 13
GAS TESTING SYSTEM
Gas Testing Certification

You must have a valid gas testing certificate before you perform any gas test; as
per G.I. 2.100, Work Permit System. Certificates are issued by Training & Career
Development, and signed by your division head. You must:

 Complete a gas testing course

 Pass the course examination
 Have your certificate signed by the division head
 Recertify every 2 years

Saudi Aramco Gas Testing Certificate

Basic Gas Tester Requirements for Safe Work

Page 14
GAS TESTING SYSTEM
Gas Tester Responsibilities

As a certified gas tester, you will often be the first person to go into an area or confined
space. You will not know the gas test results, so be careful! Flammable or toxic gases
may be present. The air could be low or high in oxygen. You are at risk if you are not
well prepared.

Before performing gas testing, a certified gas tester should ensure:

The validity of the gas monitor calibration

 Correct gas sensors are installed
 Conduct pre-use checks
 Enter the results on the daily log
 Preform gas test for flammable gases, toxic gases, and oxygen in the air required by
 G.I.2.100, Work Permit
 System Record the gas test results on the work permit and
sign.

YOUR S A F E T Y M U S T B E Y O U R F I R S T
PRIORITY WHEN TESTING GASES.

Gas Tester Information Table

Sensors Reading Precaution

Any reading above 0%
No hot work allowed
LEL
Combustible 5% LEL – 10% LEL Breathing apparatus must be used
Gases/Vapors
No work (or confined space entry)
10% LEL or above
allowed

10 ppm or above Breathing apparatus must be used

Hydrogen Sulfide
10 ppm – 100 ppm Division head must sign the permit
(H2S)
No work (or confined space entry)
100 ppm or above
allowed
Breathing apparatus must be used
Less than 20.0% and division head must sign the
Oxygen (O2)
permit
Above 23.5% No work allowed
35 ppm – 1,000 ppm Breathing apparatus must be used
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
1,000 ppm or above No confined space entry allowed

Page 15
GAS TESTING SYSTEM

Gas Tester Responsibilities

As a certified gas tester, you will often be the first person to go into an area or confined
space. You will not know the gas test results, so be careful! Flammable or toxic gases
may be present. The air could be low or high in oxygen. You are at risk if you are not
well prepared.

Before performing gas testing, a certified gas tester should ensure:

 The validity of the gas monitor calibration

 Correct gas sensors are installed
 Conduct pre-use checks
 Enter the results on the daily log
 Preform gas test for flammable gases, toxic gases, and
oxygen in the air required by G.I. 2.100, Work Permit
System
 Record the gas test results on the work permit and sig

YOUR S A F E T Y M U S T B E Y O U R F I R S T
PRIORITY WHEN TESTING GASES

You must stop work IMMEDIATELY if any alarm condition occurs and record the reason
on the work permit. Before work can continue in the area, the condition causing the
alarm must be corrected.

Fire Watch Responsibilities

The fire watch is responsible for the safety of the people doing the work and also anyone
affected by the work. He also helps prevent damage to plant equipment that could be
exposed to a fire or an explosion. The fire watch must immediately stop the work if a
hazardous condition develops. He must perform emergency procedures if an emergency
occurs.

Before an outside operator can be a fire watch, he must:

 Have attended the firefighting training course.

 Be certified to use the MX4/MX6 gas monitor.
 Be familiar with work permits and work permit procedures.
 Be certified to use the self-contained breathing apparatus.
 Know how to report hazardous conditions and call for assistance.
 Be familiar with the different sources of ignition in the plant and understand how
to control them.

Page 16
GAS TESTING SYSTEM

Fire Watch Safety Equipment

The fire watch must know how to use safety equipment required to respond to
emergencies. He must have this safety equipment ready to use at the jobsite:

 Fire extinguisher
 Gas Monitor Equipment’s
 Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
 Communication Equipment (portable radio or nearby phone)

Before you act as a fire watch, be sure these items are readily available. Inspect them
first to be sure they are in good working order. This equipment can save your life.

Standby Man Responsibilities

Because confined spaces are sensitive jobsites, two operators must do the work. One of
them enters the confined space to do maintenance work and the other is the Standby
Man.
The standby man stands outside the confined space jobsite. He monitors the jobsite
for any emergencies that might happen. If an emergency happens, the standby man
rescues the other operator.

The standby man will be responsible for: maintaining communication with employees
in the confined space; being alert for potential hazards both inside and outside the
confined space; evacuating personnel if necessary; and shall never leave his position
while personnel are in the confined space.

Page 17
LOCK OUT (LOTO)
Lock Out (LOTO)
This means de-energizing the equipment, which means Lock-out for safety removing all
sources of energy. The equipment must then be locked out (LO) so that it cannot be
turned on or opened during the repairs or maintenance. Lock out Tag out (LOTO) is a
safety procedure which is used in industry to ensure that dangerous machines are
properly shut off and not started up again prior to the completion of maintenance or
servicing work.

Hold Tag (FRONT FACE) Hold Tag (BACK FACE) Locked and Tagged Valve

Locked out equipment is identified with a tag that tells you about the work in
progress. Locking and tagging equipment lets others know that it must not be
energized.

Energy Sources and Equipment

At Saudi Aramco, many types of energy sources and equipment are controlled with a
LOTO program. The types of energy and equipment that the LOTO program is used on
are:
Energy Source Equipment
Electrical Circuit breakers, Switches, Motors, Pumps, Compressors
Mechanical Motors, Pumps, Compressors

Steam Valves, Vessels, Tanks, Pipelines

Hydraulic Pumps, Pipelines
Pneumatic Compressors
Chemical Pipelines, Pumps, Vessels, Tanks, Confined Spaces

To perform service and maintenance work on industrial equipment safely, you must
understand the importance of energy control and the current regulations. You must also
know how to apply energy isolation and LOCKOUT/TAGOUT tools.

Page 18
LOCK OUT (LOTO)

Hold Tag Pen Hold Tag Hasps Padlock

Spectacle
Blind Flange Spade Blind

Standards

Saudi Aramco LOTO standards cover the servicing and maintenance of machines and
equipment in which the unexpected energization or startup of the machines or
equipment, or release of stored energy, could harm employees.
Many industrial accidents world-wide are caused by the unexpected energization or
startup of machines or equipment or by the uncontrolled release of energy.

CORRECTLY PERFORMED LOTO BY AUTHORIZED

PERSONNEL ENSURES THAT EQUIPMENT IS SAFE TO
WORK ON.

Key Errors

 Failure to stop equipment: the main requirement of LOTO is to remove the

hazardous energy source by stopping the equipment that needs to be worked
on.
 Failure to disconnect from power source: it is not enough to switch equipment
off before starting work on it. The equipment must also have its power source
removed, so that it cannot be started by accident.
 Failure to remove residual energy: in some cases, after switching off and
disconnecting an energy source, residual energy must still be removed.
 Failure to prevent unexpected restarting: the main purpose of the lock part of
LOTO is to prevent anyone from unexpectedly activating a system that is being
worked on.
 Failure to clear area before restarting: before a system or piece of equipment
can be returned to service after maintenance, any affected personnel must be
cleared from the area.
 Failure to test equipment: Once equipment has been de-energized it must be
tested to ensure that it cannot be activated.

Page 19
LOCK OUT (LOTO)
 Failure to follow proper procedure: follow the LOTO procedures and do not take
short cuts; to ensure that the job is completed safely.

Summary

LOTO procedures prevent the unexpected startup of

equipment while it is being serviced or maintained. The
sudden release of energy on equipment that is being
worked on is extremely hazardous.

LOTO procedures apply to many energy sources and equipment that

must be isolated so that they can be worked on safely.
Each facility has its own LOTO process and procedures that you must
follow.

WORKERS MUST IDENTIFY AND CONTROL ALL RISKS,

SO THAT THEY CAN PERFORM THEIR
JOB AS SAFELY AS POSSIBLE

LOTO process is one of the simplest safety processes that keep you safe in your work.
However, even the simplest of the safety processes, when not done properly, can injure
or kill workers.

Page 20
CAR SEAL
Car Seal
A car-seal is a locking device that must be destroyed to be removed, such as a plastic ring
or wire that is secured. It is used to identify a manual valve being held in an open or
closed position for safety reasons.

Car sealed means that the valve handle has been "locked" using a "Seal." This is done by
using a wire loop with a lead seal across its ends, through the valve wheel or lever. A
plastic tie wrap can also be used instead of wire. It does not require a key to operate the
valve, just a wire cutter can be used to cut the plastic tie wrap or wire loop. So it is not as
secure as a genuine lock.

Car Seal Process Definition

The car-sealing of valves in the open
or closed position is to be provided
only in those services where the
accidental operation of a valve
would result in an unsafe condition,
Car Seal (CS) for example, closing of valves in a
blowdown or relief lines. All valves
identified on a P&ID by CSO or CSC,
for car-seal open and car-seal closed
respectively, shall be secured by
car-seals.

A valve which has been sealed in

closed position, to prevent
accidental opening of the valve. This
is done using a seal which can be
Car-Seal-Closed (CSC)
easily removed either with written
permit or verbal consent of
operations, to operate the valve.
This is shown as CSC at P&ID.

A valve which has been sealed in

open position, to prevent accidental
closing of the valve. This is done
using a seal which can be easily
Car-Seal-Open (CSO)
removed either with written permit
or verbal consent of operations, to
operate the valve. This is shown as
CSO at P&ID.

Page 21
CAR SEAL
ONLY ONE CAR SEAL SHALL BE INSTALLED ON
MANUAL VALVE, THE DUPLICATED CAR
SEAL IS PROHIBITED

Car-Sealed valves shall be marked on the P&ID as CSO or CSC, Different safety colors used in,
Orange paint shall be used as the color indicator

The CAR SEAL SHALL BE INSTALLED FUNCTIONAL

ON MANUAL VALVE

No. Block Valve Location of installing Car Seal

 All block valves in relieving paths of operational
PZV’s, shall be Car-sealed "open" CSO. However,
inlet block valves on spare PZV’s shall be Car-
Block Valves used for
sealed "close" CSC.
1 Pressure Relief
 Discharge block valves on spare relief valves shall
valves.
remain Car-sealed "open” CSO to prevent possible
overpressure of downstream lower class piping
due to upstream block valve and PZV leakage.

2 Blowdown valves Car-sealed "close" (CSC) during normal operations.

Check valve bypass

3 Car-sealed "close" (CSC) during normal operations.
valves

Pressure transmitter
4 Car-sealed "open" (CSO) during normal operations
to ESD shutdown.

Pilot & Purge line

5 Car-sealed "open" (CSO) during normal operations
isolation

Page 22
HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
The employee fatalities and injuries that have occurred at Saudi Aramco operations
underscore the need for employees to understand the deadly nature of hydrogen sulfide
(H2S) gas and the need to wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) in times of
gas release emergencies.

Breathing even relatively low concentrations of this gas can kill you instantly. In fact,
H2S gas is often called the silent or unseen killer. It is, therefore, important that you
learn all you can to protect yourself from the hazards of H2S.
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, flammable and extremely hazardous gas with a
distinctive “rotten egg” smell at low concentrations. It occurs naturally in crude oil and
natural gas, and can be produced by the breakdown of organic matter and human/animal
waste (e.g., sewage).

It is heavier than air and can collect in low lying and enclosed, poorly ventilated areas,
such as pipeline trenches, valve boxes, sumps, sewers, excavations and low areas
around rig platforms.

H2S IS ONE OF THE DEADLIEST HAZARDS OF THE OIL

AND GAS INDUSTRY. PROTECT YOURSELF; TAKE
EVERY PRECAUTION.

Employees and contractors working where H2S may be present must be aware of its
deadly properties and how to protect themselves and their co-worker from its toxic
effects.

Where It Can Be Found?

H2S is a toxic gas formed by the natural decomposition of organic matter in the absence
of oxygen. This explains both the rotten egg smell of H2S and why it is associated with
most crude oil and natural gas.

At Saudi Aramco, H2S is present at most processing areas, from the well site through
the processing and treatment plants, to the oil tankers at the terminals, as well as
sewers, wastewater, sewage treatment plants and confined spaces, such as valve boxes,
tanks, vessels, pipes, dikes, trenches, and sewers.

Page 23
HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)
Properties of H2S

Toxic: H2S can paralyze your respiratory center after a single breath, and it can kill
you.

Invisible: H2S gas cannot be seen. It is colorless at room temperature so it cannot

be detected with the naked eye.

Heavier than air: It is heavier than air — H2S tends to accumulate in low-lying
(below grade) areas and at the bottom of poorly ventilated areas. In confined
spaces, H2S settles at the bottom, forming a deadly gas layer.

Flammable and explosive: It is flammable and explosive — H2S is extremely

flammable and explosive over a wide range of concentrations in the air.

Corrosive and reactive: It is corrosive and reactive — H2S forms an acid in the
presence of moisture that can irritate the eyes and mucous membranes.

NEVER RELY O N T H E S E N S E OF S M E L L TO DETECT

THE PRESENCE OF H2S.

For information on H2S and the means to monitor and control it, refer to Saudi Aramco
relevant standards: CHB # 115, Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards (SAES-J-505 &
SAES-B-062), GI 2.709, and Understanding Hydrogen Sulfide Hazards Booklet.

Health Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide

When H2S is inhaled it immediately goes from the lungs into the blood stream, where it
can rapidly paralyze the breathing control center in the brain and cause the lungs to
cease functioning, with death from asphyxiation following in minutes.

H2S is toxic at such low concentrations that its concentration in air is measured in parts
per million (ppm). The physical effects on the body of exposure to various concentrations
of H2S are highlighted in the following table.

Page 24
HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)
Concentration Exposure Effects
0.1 ppm Foul, rotten egg smell noticeable; odor threshold.
Eye irritation; threshold limit value – time weighted average
10 ppm
(TLV-TWA).
15 ppm Short-term exposure limit (STEL) for 15 minutes.

30 ppm Strong odor; pulmonary irritation begins.

Maximum peak exposure (MPE) limit; severe conjunctivitis (eye
50 ppm
irritation) with prolonged exposure.
Severe eye irritation and coughing; loss of sense of smell in 1 to
100 ppm
5 minutes; immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH.
Pulmonary edema; gastrointestinal disturbance; severe irritation
250 ppm
of eyes and lungs
Dizziness; loss of consciousness and possible death within 30 to
500 ppm
60 minutes.
1,000 ppm Immediate loss of consciousness and death within minutes.

Health effects vary with how long and at what concentration (measured in parts per
million [PPM]).

Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide

Never rely on your sense of smell as a warning device. The only reliable way to detect
the presence of H2S is to measure its volume in air using either fixed or portable
calibrated detectors.

YOU SHOULD NOT RELY ON YOUR SENSE OF SMELL TO

DETERMINE THE NEED FOR USING A PERSONAL H2S
MONITOR BECAUSE HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS OF H2S
CAN QUICKLY DEADEN THE SENSE OF SMELL

Fixed H2S detectors are installed in operational areas. They consist of

a detector, an indicator or beacon and an alarm. When H2S levels exceed a
preset limit, the alarm is activated. The preset limit is 10 parts per million
(ppm) and plants also have a limit of 20 ppm (high level H2S alarm).

Fixed H2S
Detector

Page 25
HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)

Portable gas detectors — Currently, Saudi Aramco uses portable gas

detectors (e.g., the MX6) to monitor for the presence and concentration of H2S
and other gases in the air.

T40 Rattler

Personal gas monitors (T40 Rattler Rattler) continuously measure H2S concentrations
and have an alarm when levels above 10 ppm are detected. They must not be used for
gas testing, but rather to provide a warning of immediate personal danger.

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Website

The special website, Protection from Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Hazards, by Saudi Aramco
Loss Prevention provides information to help you to work safely around H2S. Please
review it and stay safe!

H2S Special website

Working safely around H2S requires that you understand its hazards and
implement the necessary precautions to reduce the risks.

Page 26
NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
(NORM)
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)
Naturally occurring primordial radioactive nuclides and their radioactive
decay products, which have been enhanced above its natural levels due
to industrial operations.

Radioactive materials such as Uranium and Thorium were incorporated

in the Earth’s crust when it was formed; these normally exist at trace
(parts per million – ppm) concentrations in rock formations. Decay of
these unstable radioactive elements produces other radionuclides that,
under certain conditions (dependent upon pressure, temperature, acidity
etc.) in the subsurface environment are mobile and can be transported
from the reservoir to the surface with the oil & gas products being
recovered.

During the production process, NORM flows with the oil, gas and water mixture and
accumulates in scale, sludge and scrapings. It can also form a thin film on the interior
surfaces of gas processing equipment and vessels. The level of NORM accumulation can
vary substantially from one facility to another depending on geological formation,
operational and other factors. To determine whether or not a facility has NORM
contamination, NORM survey, sampling and analysis needs to be conducted. indicates
where NORM may accumulate, e.g. at wellheads in the form of scale; at Gas/Oil
Separation Plants (GOSP) in the form of sludge; and at gas
plants the form of thin films as the result of radon gas decay.

There are three types of radiation emitted by NORM, namely;

 Alpha (α)
 Beta (β)
 Gamma (γ)

Health hazards of NORM

There are two ways in which personnel can be exposed to

NORM, namely:
 Irradiation – external exposure where the source
remains outside the body
 Contamination – internal exposure where radioactive
material is taken into the body via inhalation,
ingestion or absorption

Page 27
NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
(NORM)
NORM Contamination Limits:

Materials and waste media such as sludge/scale containing NORM at levels below those
listed in Table 1 shall be exempted from the requirements of this procedure.
Soil shall not have a Ra-226 contamination above 1.1 Bq per gram (30 pCi per gram).
Soil shall not have a U-238 contamination above 3.0 Bq per gram (80 pCi per gram).
Equipment and clothing shall be considered NORM contaminated
if internal or external surface contamination measures double the
radiation background level.

Radionuclide Exemption Level (Bq/g) Exemption Level (pCi/g)

Ra-226 1.1 30
Ra-228 1.1 30
Pb-210 0.2 5
Po-210 0.2 5
U-238 5.5 150
Uranium (Nat) 3.0 80

Workers Protection

Workers entering NORM contaminated equipment or conducting intrusive work on NORM

contaminated equipment shall adhere to the following guidelines:
Personnel required to work with NORM must be trained in the associated hazards.
All NORM operations shall be covered by a safe system of work which shall identify the
hazards and highlight the precautions to be taken.

 Any item or area with detectable levels of loose NORM contamination shall be
subject to radiological controls.
 Eating, drinking, smoking and chewing are not allowed in work areas where
potential NORM contamination exists.
 Only essential personnel shall be allowed in the work areas where potential NORM
contamination exists.
 Personnel shall thoroughly wash up with copious quantities of soap and water, after
working with contaminated equipment, and before eating, drinking, or smoking,
and at the end of the workday.

Page 28
NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
(NORM)
 Appropriate PPE shall be worn (which may include but not
be restricted to):

NORM PPE
Tyvek coveralls
Neoprene, PVC, or NBR gloves
Half-face respirators with HEPA
cartridges; these must be fit tested
Quarter-face HEPA disposable respirators.

I AM ALWAYS USING NORM PPE WHEN

I DEAL WITH SLUDGE, WHAT ABOUT YOU

Disposal of NORM Waste

NORM contaminated waste shall not be dispatched for

unrestricted release.

For temporary storage, NORM waste shall be kept in suitable containers, which comply
with the following requirements:
 Are in good condition with no visible indications of internal or external corrosion,
and made of a durable material such that it provides adequate containment of the
NORM waste during the storage period.
 Made of or lined with, materials that will not react with, or be incompatible with,
the NORM waste to be containerized so that the ability of the container is not
impaired or compromised.
 Be resistant to degradation from Ultra Violet radiation.
 Be closed and sealed during storage, and practical to open and re-seal when it is
necessary to add or remove waste.
 Shall not be opened, handled, or stored in a manner that may rupture the container
or cause it to leak.
 Shall bear the radiation symbol and a label clearly indicating that it contains NORM
contaminated waste.
 Areas where containers of NORM waste are stored shall be inspected by the
proponent on a quarterly basis. Containers shall be inspected for signs of leaks,
overall deterioration and proper labeling. Records of these inspections shall be
documented and properly maintained.

At the end of the operational life of disposal pits, and waste

disposal facilities the area of land shall be remediated

Page 29
EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING
Excavation and Trenching
The purpose of the Excavation and Trenching process is to ensure proper planning and
design of excavation and trenching operations, including entry of personnel. An
Excavation Safety Checklist is required for:

Pre-excavation checklist & Daily Excavation

Inspection Checklist is needed for:
 All excavations 1.2 m (4 ft.) and
deeper.
 Excavations deeper than 30 cm (1 ft.)
where buried pipelines or cables may
be present.
Note: Excavations 1.2 m (4 ft.) and deeper
may also require a CSE Permit as outlined in
Safety Process 3, Space Entry Permit.”
Requirements for Excavation Design

A person shall design the excavation. A person is one who is capable of identifying existing
and predictable hazards, soil types, or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous
or dangerous to personnel.

The person shall:

 Determine the appropriate method of excavation — benching, shoring or sloping, or

a combination of methods depending on space available, nature of operations and
soil type.
 Determine soil type prior to entry (i.e., stable rock, or Type A, B or C soil)
 Decide whether to guard the walls by benching, shoring, sloping or a combination.
If sloping is used,

Page 30
EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING

Page 31
 EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING

Safety Precaution

2. Identify all utilities and lines and notify

1. Excavation deeper than 1.2 m need confine
appropriate parties before beginning any
space entry work permit.
work.

3. Spoil piles shall be at least 0.6 m from the edge 4. Scaffold bases shall be at least 1.5 times
of the excavation. the depth of an excavation.

5. Mechanical excavators shall not be used within 3 6. Heavy equipment shall not be operated
m of any pipes, cables, or other obstructions within 1.8 m (6 ft.) of any excavation

Page 32
EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING
8. A qualified person shall make daily
7. Cranes shall not be operated closer than the inspections of excavations prior to the start
depth of the excavation
of the work

10. Blinking warning lights shall be used at

9. Guardrails or barricades, as necessary, shall be night where there are personnel or vehicle
established a safe distance from the excavation
movement.

11. No personnel are permitted in the excavation or 12. Only authorized personnel shall enter the
trench when power equipment is being used excavation.

Page 33
EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING

13.Ensure there is no water seepage into the

14. Test and monitor excavation atmosphere.
excavation.

16. Emergency rescue equipment shall be

15.Ladders shall be provided every 7.5 m in all
immediately available for confined spaces
occupied excavations.
excavations.

Page 34
EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING
Jack Hummer, Soil Compactor and concrete breakers (PPE)

1. Fabric gloves. Cotton or fabric blends are 2. Wear proper safety shoes with metatarsal
generally guards.

3. Personnel shall not be exposed to impulse or impact noise levels that exceed the requirements of
SAES-A-105. The need for additional hearing protection devices shall be evaluated prior to
performing work.
4. Disposable earplugs shall be discarded at the end of each shift

Page 35
 ABRASIVE BLASTING AND COATING
Abrasive Blasting and Coating
Abrasive Blasting Operations and Equipment Safety
Precaution
1. Only qualified and SA certified individuals shall 2. A dead man’s switch (automatic shut-off)
operate abrasive blasting and coating is required on the abrasive blasting
equipment. nozzle.

3. Carbon monoxide alarm is mandatory for 4. Air hood is mandatory for abrasive
abrasive blasting blasting

Page 36
 ABRASIVE BLASTING AND COATING
5. A bonding system must be installed and 6. Wear air supply hood or SCBA, hearing
grounded to prevent a static charge protection and fully body protection.

7. The air delivered to the user must be less than 8. Only approved abrasive blasting materials
38°C (100°F). shall be used, Silica sand is prohibited.

10.Fall protection is required for heights

9. Install safety pins in every coupling
above 1.8 meter or 6 feet

Page 37
 ABRASIVE BLASTING AND COATING
12.(Compressor Air) inspect hoses and
11.Barricades and warning signs shall be in place coupling before use for cuts, abrasion or
damage.

14.Depressurize all compressor air driven

13.Air compressor for abrasive blasting activity
equipment before connecting or
must have 3rd party inspection sticker
disconnecting tools.

Page 38
COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS
Compressed Gas Cylinders
Handling Cylinders Safety Precaution

2. Keep Cylinders Upright :Properly secure

1. Use Protective Caps : Secure protective
cylinders in an upright position during
caps on all cylinders not in use
movement

3. Don’t Use Slings and Ropes :Do not use 4. Proper Cylinder Labels : All cylinders shall
slings or ropes for moving cylinders be properly labeled

Page 39
COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS
5. Read Suppliers Tag: Only rely on the
6. Don’t Let Cylinders Strike Each Other :Do
supplier’s tag to determine the contents of
not strike cylinders together
a compressed gas cylinder.

8. Use Proper Transportation Means: Use

7. Keep Valves Closed: Keep valves on empty cylinder trolleys, material baskets, cylinder
cylinders closed at all times. racks, and other proper types of equipment
to transport cylinders.

Page 40
COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS
Using Cylinders Safety Precaution

1. Use Approved Pressure Regulators: Use

approved pressure-reducing regulators with 2. Close cylinder valve first to stop leaks:
a check valve connected to the cylinder always close the cylinder valve before
valve on all cylinders. attempting to stop leaks.

3. Don’t Use Oil and Grease Lubricants: Do 4. Use Matching Fitting Threads: Threads on
not use oil or grease as a lubricant on fittings shall correspond to cylinder valve
valves or attachments. outlets.

Page 41
COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS
5. Inspect Cylinders Before Use: Inspect 6. Keep Away from Flame, Sunlight, and Heat:
cylinders for safe condition before use. Protect cylinders from direct flame,
sunlight, and other heat sources.

7. Perform Inspections: Inspect all gauges, regulators, hoses, and cylinders for damage. Also
inspect the current hydro test date.

Page 42
COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS
Storing Cylinders

1. Store Cylinders Upright in Racks: Store

cylinders in an upright and secured
2. Separate Oxygen and Fuel Cylinders
position. Use bottle or cylinder racks
wherever possible.

3. Keep stored Oxygen cylinders separated

4. They can also be separated by a 1.5 meter
from fuel Gas cylinders by 6.1 meters or 20
or 5 foot high noncombustible barrier.
feet.

Page 43
COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS
5. Avoid Heat Sources : Keep cylinders from 6. Maximum Storage Temperature: Do not
direct flame, sunlight, and other heat store cylinders at temperatures exceeding
sources 54 °C (or 130 °F).

7. Identify Empty & Full Cylinders: Properly identify empty and full cylinders.

Page 44
CRANE OPERATIONS AND RIGGING EQUIPMENT
Crane Operations and Rigging Equipment
Crane Safety Precautions.

2. Driver has a valid SA certificate crane

1. Crane inspection sticker is valid. operator.

4. Rigger shall inspect slings, fitting, and

3. Crane must be grounded.
shackles prior to use.

5. All crane loads shall be rigged with SA 6. Avoid load swings over personal or traffic
certified rigger. area.

Page 45
CRANE OPERATIONS AND RIGGING EQUIPMENT
7. All beams must be fully extended, float 8. Ensure tag line is used on all lift except
pads level, and tires off ground. where it may create a great hazard.

9. Signal man should have a clear line of sight 10. Crane operator shall not leave crane cab
to crane operator. while crane attached with loads

11.Crane suspended man basket shall not be 12.Crane lifts shall not be allowed at wind
allowed at wind speed above 25km/h. speed above 32km/h.

Page 46
CRANE OPERATIONS AND RIGGING EQUIPMENT

13. Distance from power line!!

Page 47
CRANE OPERATIONS AND RIGGING EQUIPMENT
14. Critical lift plan required when?

A. Critical lift plan is required if loads B. High level or long reach required
40 tons or grater. critical lift plan.

C. Critical lift plan is required if the

D. All crane lift involving man basket
load exceed 85% of rated load
required critical lift plan.
capacity of the crane.

Page 48
CRANE OPERATIONS AND RIGGING EQUIPMENT
E. Crane lift at night required critical F. Cranes operating around power
lift plan. lines.

G. Critical lift plan is required around hydrocarbons Operating around hydrocarbons and
aboveground pressurized piping areas, populated/traffic areas, and railroads.

I. Other lifts as determined by Saudi

H. Blind lifts.
Aramco management.
J. Tandem, multiple, or tailing lifts (any lift requiring two or more cranes to lift one load).

Page 49
WELDING
Welding

Cutting, Welding & Brazing Safety Precautions

2. The PPE (Wear welding helmet or welding

1. Welder shall be SA certified or Welder Job
goggles & Wear leather safety gloves &
Clearance Card for contractor
Wear a flame resistant coverall.

3. Defective equipment shall be removed or 4. All welding operation shall have proper
replaced. ventilation.

5. Portable welding machine that have 110v 6. Barricade area where welding is being
must be grounded. done.

Page 50
WELDING

8. Portable fire extinguisher shall be available

7. Unsecured work pieces should be clamped.
within 3m.

9. Remove or protect combustible around 10.Sewers within 23 M or 75 FT shall be

work area covered.

11.Qualified fire watch shall be maintain during operation.

Page 51
WELDING

13.Ensure electrical outlets on welding

12.Welding are not allowed on Oxygen
machines are 110 volts (V), three-prong
enrichment environment.
type, with residual current devices (RCDs).

14.Use welding screen near other personal. 15.Only strikers shall be used to light a torch.

Page 52
WELDING
16.Install flashback arrestors on the outlets of all oxygen/fuel cylinder regulators and on the inlet
of oxygen/fuel cutting torches

Page 53
ELECTRICAL
Electrical
Electricity can be very harmful if you come into direct contact with it.
Many equipment in the workplace are powered by electricity, so you
must be aware of the basic electrical safety precautions. You can
reduce the risk of electric shock to yourself and others by following these
precautions.

Safety Precautions

1. De-energize, Lock and Tag all circuit before 2. Disconnect wiring or remove fuses if
beginning work. breaker cannot be locked in the open
position

3. Consider all electrical conductors to be 4. Try to start equipment at the start / stop
energized unless: switch in the field.

Properly
Locked, Tagged,
Cleared, and
Tried.

Page 54
ELECTRICAL
5. Tow qualified electrician must be available
when working on energized circuit. 7. Don’t wear metallic objects when working
6. Qualified person must be available at job within arm length of energize electrical
site to shut down electric power if problem equipment?
occur.

8. Use propriety fuse puller to replace burn

9. Don’t use metal ladders.
fuses with appropriate rated type.

11.Stand at side when connecting or

10.Don’t use defective equipment.
disconnecting switch.

Page 55
ELECTRICAL
12.Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI)
13.Don’t use electrical room as storage or
shall be used for all portable electrical
resting area.
tools.

14. Minimum Safe Distances from Energized Equipment

Page 56
FALL PROTECTION
Fall Protection
Working at heights can be hazardous if the correct protections are not used. Use fall
protection measures if you are working more than 1.8 m (6 ft.) from ground or platform
level.

Personal Fall Arrest Systems

A personal fall arrest system (Full-Body Harness) protects employees from falling to
floor level when working at height. If you are wearing the harness correctly, a properly
fixed lanyard will stop you from falling to floor level.

Page 57
FALL PROTECTION
Safety Precautions

 Inspect all parts of the fall arrest system before each use.
 Do not use the fall arrest system to hoist equipment or materials.
 Secure the lanyard of the fall arrest system at least 5.5 m (18 ft.) above the
impact surface.
 Do not use waist belts or manual/non-self-locking snap hooks as part of the fall
arrest system

Ladder

Many falls from heights result from the non-use of ladders, for example, where crates,
stools or desks are used to access heights instead of properly setting up a ladder.

The distance between the ladder base and the supporting structure should be about one
meter for every four meters of working ladder height. Unsafe arrangement of ladder will
create instability.

Safety Precautions

1. Inspect ladders before use and remove 2. Extend ladder 1 meter and Set the ladder
defective ladders. at 75 degree angle.

Page 58
FALL PROTECTION
3. Secure ladder at top and provide stable 4. Only one person at a time should mount a
footing. ladder.

6. Use a wooden or fiberglass ladder in the

5. Never work on the top step of stepladder. vicinity of power lines or electrical
equipment.

7. Post a man at the base to hold the ladder steady & only one person at a time should
mount a ladder.

Page 59
FALL PROTECTION
Elevating Work Platform

Safety Precautions

1. Only qualified personal shall operate 2. Saudi Aramco inspection sticker is valid.
elevating work platforms.

3. A competent person must do pre operational inspection for:-

A. Horn
B. Fire extinguisher
C. Back up alarms
D. Tires and wheels
E. Electrical system
F. Hydraulic system

Page 60
FALL PROTECTION
4. Keep clear of obstruction. 5. Use indoor lift indoors.

6. Personal shall wear full body harness with 7. Tag line must be used when lifting men in
lanyard attached to anchor point of the lift man basket to control the load.

Page 61
FALL PROTECTION
Scaffold

Scaffolding is a temporary structure to support personnel, materials, and equipment

during construction or repairs. It allows personnel to work at height when frequent
access is required only for a specific period.
When scaffolding is necessary it must be designed, constructed, and inspected by Saudi
Aramco certified supervisors and/or inspectors.

Scaffold Tagging System

Scaffold inspection tags must be visible on all scaffold structures. Before using a
scaffold structure, check the tags to ensure that it is safe and has a current inspection
date.

DO NOT ATTEMPT TO USE SCAFFOLDING IF IT HAS A

RED TAG ATTACHED, OR IF THE GREEN TAG IS
NO LONGER VALID.

A Saudi Aramco certified supervisor or inspector must inspect a scaffolding structure

every two weeks and after any alterations are made to the structure. Alterations can
only be carried out by certified personnel.

Page 62
FALL PROTECTION
Safety Precautions

1. Inspect all scaffolds before use to ensure 2. Scaffolds > 6m inspected and tagged by:-
they are safe. A scaffold supervisor.
3. Scaffolds < 6m inspected and tagged by:-
A scaffold supervisor.
A scaffold inspector.

4. Scaffold plans are required for all scaffolds

taller than 12.2 m (40 ft.) and those 5. Scaffold inspection tags shall be visible.
defined as special scaffolds.

Page 63
FALL PROTECTION
6. Top rail, Midrail, Toe board and Access 7. Wooden scaffolds blanks must be at least
ladder must be installed on all scaffolds. 23 cm wide and 4 cm thick

9. Barricade and warning sign should be place

8. Platform must be fully planked with no
around the bottom of job location and kept
holes or openings
till job finish.

Page 64
PRESSURE TESTING (HYDRO TESTING)
Pressure Testing (Hydro Testing)
Highlight general requirements and guidelines on safe pressure testing of new and
existing mechanical systems such as piping, pipelines, pressure vessels and other
equipment.
A test conducted to piping or equipment by subjecting it to an internal pressure using
liquid or gas to ensure strength or tightness of the system at the test pressure.

Hazards of Pressure Testing

 Failures during pressure testing may result in injuries, fatalities, and property
damage
 Uncontrolled releases of stored energy from compressed air or other gas can take
the form of explosions
 High velocity streams of fluid can be created or piping and equipment can move.
 Person injury

Safety Precautions

Page 65
PRESSURE TESTING (HYDRO TESTING)
2. Before any hydro test is started inspect
1. Prove hydro test procedure must be
gauges, pumps, hoses and fitting for
available at work site.
damage or unusual wear.

4. Hydro test personal must stay at safe

3. Install warning sign and barricade.
place.

5. Pretested designed relief protection must 6. Air must be removed from the system
be installed. through vents at high points during filling.

Page 66
RADIATION
Radiation

Safety Precautions

1. English and Arabic warning sign must be in 2. Worker must have a valid radiographer’s
front and back of vehicle when radiation permit in his possession.
source is transported.

3. Minimum of four sign and barrier tape must 4. Radiographer make sure that the exposure
be used to identify area rate at each barricade is within safe levels.

Page 67
HEAVY EQUIPMENT
Heavy Equipment

Safety Precautions

1. Driver has a valid SA certificate to operate 3. Wear seat belt during operating heavy
heavy equipment. equipment.
2. All Boom truck must be loaded and
unloaded by certified rigger.

4. Identify all utilities and lines and notify

5. Operator shall not jump from the
appropriate parties before beginning any
equipment to the ground.
digging or cleaning work.

Page 68
HEAVY EQUIPMENT
6. Personal shall not be allowed to ride in or
work off any part of the equipment unless it 7. Don’t leave running equipment unattended.
design.

8. No sleeping or resting near or under heavy 9. Heavy equipment must have an audible
equipment. backup alarm.

10.Vehicle backup alarms. 11.Pedestrian and vehicle only zones.

12.High-visibility clothing. 13.Identifying low-visibility areas.
14.Proximity detectors. 15.Blind spot camera.

16.Use of spotters.

Page 69
HEAVY EQUIPMENT

Forklift Safety Precautions

1. Only Saudi Aramco certified forklift 2. Rollover protective structures are available.
operators shall operate forklifts

4. Personal other than operator shall be

3. Wear seat belt during operating forklift.
prohibited from riding forklift.

6. Move all drums in the upright position using

5. Ensure an audible backup alarm is working.
a drum pallet or a drum rack.

Page 70
HEAVY EQUIPMENT

7. No drums shall be moved by sandwiching 8. Forks shall not be used to push or pull
them between forks objects.

9. Forklifts shall not be used beyond their 10.Forklift shall not be left in the up position
capacity. while it is unattended.

11.Forklift shall not be operated on unstable 12.Load forklift only when moving on a level
surfaces. service or uphill on an incline.

Page 71
HEAVY EQUIPMENT

Page 72
VACUUM TRUCKS
Vacuum Trucks

Vacuum Trucks (super sucker) is an industrial equipment that used as a vacuum truck or
to suck solid materials.
Ensure safe operation and protect personnel, environment and the facility by specifying
the minimum safety requirements for Vacuum Trucks (super sucker) operations within
SAGPD facilities.

Safety Precautions

1. The vacuum truck to remove sand from R/H’s or GGM’s is shall be avoided.

2. If sand or water is hard to remove by hand tools in R/H’s or GGM’s, the extended hoses
can be used to keep equipment outside the fence.

Page 73
VACUUM TRUCKS
3. Pre-use inspections shall be conducted on vacuum trucks:

A. No fuel, oil, hydraulic fluid, water, etc.,

leaks are coming from equipment.
B. Hose and pipe connections are checked
and free of wear and cracks.
C. All lights and warning devices operate
properly.
D. Wiring inspected and free of damage
or improper repairs.
E. Fire extinguisher(s) available, inspected,
tagged, and operable.

4. Shut-in Gas well prior using vacuum 5. Keep Super sucker within 1.8 meters
truck in Wellhead Cellar. (6 feet) of any excavation.

7. Before restart after breakdown or

6. Hot WP shall be to use the tripped (Shutdown), the Proper gas
equipment. Gas test to be performed shall be taken within 1 meter
before start of the activity. surrounding vacuum truck to unsure
area free of gas.

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8. No troubleshooting or fix of
breakdown or tripped vacuum truck 9. vacuum trucks should be grounded
in restricted area.

10.Access shall be restricted at least 7.6 m (25 ft.) diameter around vacuum truck

11.Engines shall be stopped, parking brake applied, wheels chocked and shall be away from
restricted area when vacuum truck is left unattended, including overnight

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13.Equipment operators shall have
12.Only authorized personnel allowed
360-degree visibility when operating
to enter work area in operation.
equipment

15.Personnel shall not rest or sleep

14.Equipment refueling is not permitted
under or around vacuum truck at
inside restricted area.
any time.

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REFERENCES
References
 Construction Safety Manual (LP).
 Safety hand book (LP).
 GI 2.100, Work Permit System.
 GI 2.709 Gas Testing Using Portable Gas Monitors.
 GI 2.721, Electrical Arc Flash Hazard Mitigation.
 GI 6.012, Isolation, Lockout and Use of Hold Tags.
 GI 6.021 Safety Requirements for Abrasive Blast Cleaning.
 GI 7.025 Heavy Equipment Operator and Rigger Testing and Certification.
 GI 8.001 Safety Requirements for Scaffolding.
 SAGPD OE.
 SAGPD SMS.
 SAGPD OIM.

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