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Taylor - S Scientific Management
Taylor - S Scientific Management
Class:
ill
52
of attitude
Chich means complete chan e
rhey must
and outlook for each other.
other and
developpositivethinking for eac
discord as
work with harmony and avoid
direction only
their objectives are in one
For example, the main objective of workers is to
earn more and the objectiveof management is
to maximiseproduction; instead of discord
for each other's objective workers can earn
more by producing more which will help in
Management
maximising the production also Sharing of Gains Between
and
Management should share the gains of WorkersLeadingToCompleteHarmony
the company with workers at the same of
time workers must contribute to their best level. 'aylor feels that prosperity
organisationdepends upon prosperity of employer a ell as employees.
harmony
(iii) Cooperation, not individualism. -his principle is the extension of th
not discord. According to this principle work must be carried on in co-operation
wm-üfi¯othev, with mutual confidence and understanding for each other.
Corkers and managers must wor.kin co-operation. The
managemenb ntust take workers in confidence before
setting up the standard task för them because when
standards or targets are set up 'in consul(ation of workers,
then they will try their best to achieve it.
To • have cooperation management should welcome good suggestions of
employees and tfiey should be rewarded for their suggestion. At the same time
workers should not go on strike and make unreasonable deman s. There must
be open communication system there must be Paternalistic style of management
as in case ofJapanese companies.
For exam le, Chile assigningjob to workers if management asks them about
t elr Interest and then work is assignedaccording to their interest, definitely
the workers will perform it mare efficiently
Japanese companies this principle is pra@tisedas here managers treat
workers as part of their familyand workers also do not show their agitation by
going on 'trike father they tie a blackribbon t€show thew-dissatisfactionand
gain managers Managers must work almost side by side with the
workers, helping and encou aging them.
(iv) Development of workers to their greatest efficiency and prosperity. Industrial
efficiency depends upon the efficiencyof workers. Worker's
efficiency depends
upon proper training and their selection aylor insisted
due care should be
Principles of Management 53
taken while selecting the employees and after selecting they must be givenjob
according to their qualification. Employees must be sent for tråihi@from time
to time to update their knowledge This will ensure greatest efficiencyand
prosperity for both company and w rkers.
2.5.5 Scientific Techniques of Taylor
Along with scientific principles Taylor developed some scientific techniques by
conducting various experiments at his work place.
exist.
6. Fatigue study : atigue study is the analysis of time by which workers tend to
feel fatigue and need some rest.
uring working hours, workers feel fatigue after performing a definite amount
of work. If they continue to work after fatigue, their efficiencywill go do
Therefore, they need some rest on the results of fatigue study, frequen
of rests and time duration of each rest are prescribed with the aim that workers
do not'feel undue fåtigue and their effiåency remains uniform throughou) the
prescribed working hours. So the basic objective of fåtigue study is to reduce
fatigue at work and maintain the operational efficiency of the workers.
7. Different piece-rate system or getting maximum productivity from workers,
Taylor has emphasized dif erential piece-rate system for paying wages to
work&s. Differential piece-rate system is a system of wage payment in which
a wprker who achieVesor exceedsproduction target gets wage at higher rate
per piece while a worker who does not achieve this target get' wage at lower
rate per piece.
Thus, in this system, wage difference between target achievers and
non-achieverstends to be quite significant.However,this system is quite
motivating.For examplé, suppose that in a factory,production target is
20 units an wage rate for target achieversis 15 per unit and for non-
achievers is 13.
If A produces 22 units, he will get 330 ; B produces 20 units, he will get 300 ;
C produces 18 units, he will get 234.Thus, A will get 41% more wage than
C while his productivity is only 22%higher than e. This is quite motivating to
produce more.
44 HIGHER SECONDARY BUSINESS STUDIES
OF
2.6 COMPARISON BETWEEN FAYOL'S AND TAYLOR'S PRINCIPLES
MANAGEMENT
Fayol's principles of management and Taylor's principles of scientificmanagement
are mutually complementary. Both of them evolved their principles thruogh
practical experiences and realised the importance of management in industrial
progress.
However, a comparison of the two great management scientists is given below •
Basis Henri Fayol's F.W. Taylor's
Principles of Management Principles of Management