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Irlw Question Bank
Q U E S T I O N B AN K WI T H A N S WE R K E Y
T WO M AR K Q U E S T I O N S WI T H A N S WE R K E Y
UNIT – I
1. Define Industrial Relations?
According to Kapoor defined as the “Industrial Relations is a developing and dynamic concept and such
no more limits itself merely to the complex relations between the unions and management but also refers to the
general web of relationships normally obtaining between employees – a web much more complex than the single
concept of labour capital conflict”.
8. What is the
i. Need for Trade Union?
ii. Functions of Trade Union?
iii. Problems of Trade Union?
iv. Types of Trade Union?
Security of Employment
Need for Trade Union
Fair Wages
Principle of Unity
Financial Weakness
Leadership Issues
Poilticalisation of Union
c. Predatory Unions
Union Classified on the Basis of Membership Structure.
i. Craft Union
ii. Staff Union
iii. Industrial Union
iv. General Union
There is a sequence of penalties / disciplinary actions are administrated each one slightly more severe than
the previous one. The general disciplinary actions are:
Written verbal warning
Written warning
Suspension
Demotion
Dismissal
Approaches to Discipline Enforcement:
There are three famous approaches to discipline are:
Hot – stove rule,
Progressive discipline, and
Counseling approach
13. Write down the Causes/Sources of Grievances handling and its types ?
Causes/Sources of Grievances:
Grievances arising out of working conditions
Grievances arising from management policy
Grievances arising from alleged violation of
Grievances arising out of personal maladjustment
Types of Grievances:
Grievances can be classified into three types:
Legitimate Grievances
Imagined Grievances
Political Grievances
15. Write down some important basic principles for Code of Conduct ?
Every employee in industry or unit shall have the freedom and right to join a union of his choice. No
coercion shall be exercised in this matter.
There shall be no dual membership of unions.
U N I T – II
1. Define Industrial Disputes?
According to the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, Section 2(k) ; “Industrial Disputes mean any dispute or
difference between employers and employers, or between employers and workmen or between workmen and
workmen, which is connected with the employment or non – employment or term of employment or with the
conditions of labour of any person”.
Thus it means collective negotiations between the employer and the employees relating to their work
situations. The success of these negotiations depends upon mutual understanding and give and take principles
between the employers and employees.
U N I T – III
1. Write a short note on Labour Welfare?
The concept of „labour welfare‟ is flexible and elastic and differs widely with time, region, industry, social
values and customs, degree of industrialization, the general socio – economic development of the people and the
political ideologies prevailing at a particular time. It is also moulded according to the age – group, sex, socio –
cultural background, marital and economic status and educational level of the workers in various industries.
Policy
Theory
Social Religions
Theory Theories Theory
of Labour
Welfare
Public
Philanthropic
Relations Theory
Theory
„Labour Welfare‟ is a very board term, covering social security and such other activities as medical aid,
crèches, canteens, recreation, housing, adult education, arrangements for the transport of labour to and
from the work place.
Assessment of Effectiveness
Trend Analysis Opinion
Welfare facilities besides removing dissatisfaction help to develop loyalty in workers towards the
organization.
Welfare may help minimize social evils, such as alcoholism, gambling, prostitution and drug addiction.
To create harmonious industrial relationship.
The Employers
Trade Unions
Other agencies
Training Programme:
The Board has developed a need based, three tier training programme for education officers, workers
and teachers. In first state education officer are trained. The period or training is four months. Then
they give training for different regional centres.
Second stage is to get selected workers trained as worker teachers at the regional and sub -regional
centres by the educational officers. The duration of training programme is three months.
14. What is
i. Industrial Housing
ii. Labour Funds
iii. Social Security Measures
Industrial Housing:
Housing facility is an important welfare measure to keep an employee overcomes most of his
problems. Lack of proper housing directly affects the living conditio ns and the health of the people.
Housing is intended to provide a comfortable shelter and such atmosphere as would keep a worker
fit and cheerful throughout the day.
Good adequate, commodious and sanitary housing are important for the health, happiness gen eral
manners and morals of the employees.
Labour Funds:
Labour welfare funds are created as a measure of social security provided to the working class.
Social security is one of the working class. Social security is one of the three categories of labour
welfare activities classified by the study group appointed by the Government of India to examine the
labour welfare activities.
Social Security Measures:
Social security can be said to be measures of protection provided by society against certain
contingencies of modern life, namely, sickness unemployment, old age, dependency, industrial
accidents and invalidation against which the individual cannot be expected to protect him.
U N I T – IV
1. Define Accident and Industrial Injury?
Accident:
According to Worker’s Compensation Act, 1923, “An occurrence mishap or untoward event which is
not expected or designed for and arising out of and in the course of employment of an industrial worker.”
Industrial Injury:
According to Factories Act, 1948,“A Personal Injury to an employee which has been caused by an
accident or an occupational disease and which arises out of or in the course of empl oyment and which
could entitle such employee to compensation under Workers Compensation Act, 1923.”
Placing and maintenance of worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physical and
psychological equipment.
7. List out the Causes of Bad Health (or) Reasons for Bad Health?
The main causes of bad health are
Defective
nutrition
Other
Uneducation
causes Causes of
Bad
Health
Inadequate
medical &
Insanity
health
organization
Protecting the workers from diseases and accidents caused by their working conditions and its ill
effects on their health
Making adjustments between the work and the nature of individual
9. What are
i. Occupational Hazards?
ii. Occupational Diseases?
Occupational Hazards:
An industrial worker can be exposed in the following types of hazards, depending upon his
occupation.
The normal occupational health hazards may be classified into
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Psychological
Occupational Diseases:
Occupational Diseases are the results of physical conditions and the presence of industrial poisonous
and non-poisonous dust in the atmosphere. Raw material, products, by products, and waste products may
enter the body to endanger the health of the workers.
Directive
Types of Counseling
Non directive
Participative
counselling
UNIT – V
1. Difference between Organized Labour and Unorganized Labour?
Nature of difference Organized Labour Unorganized Labour
Place of work Constant at Regular place Inconstant of Irregular Place
Membership Can join in a union Can join in any union
No negotiation to them as a
Recognition They are recognized as a labour
labour
Retirement Are limit for retirement No age limit
Age Complete the age 18 years No age limit
Benefit as per Act They can get all benefit No benefit for them
Security of job Fully secured No security
7. What is
i. Construction Labour? Write down some characteristics of Construction Labour?
ii. Agricultural Labour?
Construction Labour:
Construction industry employs around three million workers and the nature of work is considered hazardous.
Large number of unskilled and semiskilled labour both male and female is employed on various form of building
operation and road constructions.
This labour is extremely mobile in nature due to the conditions and problems of employment in the
construction industry.
Some characteristics of this category are
Instable employment and high mobility.
High proportion of female and child labour.
Illiteracy, ignorance, poverty and poor health.
Lack of opportunity for training.
Agricultural Labour:
According to the national commission labour, “Agricultural labour is one which is basically unskilled and
unorganized and has little for the livelihood other than personal labour”.
Restoration
Protection
12. Write down some important social security measures were introduced by the Gover nment?
Workers Compensation Act, 1923
Employees State Insurance Act, 1948
Maternity Benefits Act – By State and Central Government
Coal Mines Provident Fund and Bonus Act, 1948
Employees Provident Fund Act, 1952
Family Pension Schemes, 1971
Payment of Gratuity Act, 1952
Old Age Pension Scheme
Group Insurance
Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme
Social Security Certificate Scheme, 1982
14. Define Social Insurance? Write down the principle elements of social insurance?
Definition:
“Giving in return for contribution, benefits upon subsistence level as if right and without means tests so
that an individual may build freely upon it. Thus social insurance implies that it is compulsory and that men sta nd
together with their follows”.
The two most important social insurance schemes at present in our country are
a) The Employees State Insurance Schemes and
b) The Employees Provident Fund
i. ESI Act
ii. Employees Provident Fund
UNIT-I
1. Explain the concept and importance of Industrial Relations?
Synopsis
Introduction: Definition / Meaning of Industrial Relations
Industrial Relations: Concept
The term “industrial relations” commonly …………………………................ to be divided into
various segments.
The levels covered by …………………………………………… factors are detailed below;
Institutions
Characters
Methods
Contents
Importance of Industrial Relations:
Industrial Relations Patterns, Organized Sector and their Impact on Unorganized.
Unions are Important Force in the Indian Political System.
Varying Patterns of Industrial Relations.
Status Difference in the Workers of Public and Private Sector.
Conclusion
b.
Introduction: Meaning of Industrial Relations
Perspectives/Approaches in Industrial Relations:
Psychological approach
Sociological approach
Human Relations approach
Socio – Ethical approach
Gandhian approach
System approach
Conclusion
Over Centralization
Multipricing of Unions
Political and Bureaucratic Influence
Conclusion
U N I T – II
1. Write down the concept of a dispute? Discuss briefly on the Classification and Causes of Industrial Disputes?
Synopsis
Introduction: Meaning of Industrial Conflict/Disputes
Concept and Essentials of a Dispute
Classification of Industrial Disputes
Interest Disputes
Grievance or Rights Disputes
Disputes Over Unfair Labour Practices
Recognition – Disputes
Causes of Industrial Disputes
Technological Causes
Political Causes
Social Causes
Economic Causes
a) Wages
b) Bonus
c) Working atmosphere
Types of Strikes
Industrial Disputes
Strikes
3. Briefly explain the industrial relations machinery for the prevention of disputes?
Synopsis
Introduction: Meaning of Prevention
Preventive Machinery
Tripartite Bodies
The Indian Labour Conference
The Standing Labour Committee
The Central Implementation and Evaluation Committees
The Code of Discipline
Workers Participation Management
Standing Orders
Conclusion
b.
Introduction:
Grievance Procedure
1. First Stage
2. Second Stage
3. Third Stage
4. Fourth Stage
Reasons for Grievances
Method of Identifying Grievances
Direct Observation
Grip Boxes
Open Door Policy
Steps in Grievance Procedure
Conclusion
5. Explain the
a. Conciliation Procedures?
b. Arbitration?
c. Adjudication?
Synopsis
a.
Introduction:
Conciliation – Concept
a. Works Committee (Sec. 3)
b. Conciliation Officer (Sec. 4)
Duties of the Conciliation Officer
c. Board of Conciliation (Sec. 5)
Duties of the Board
Conciliation Proceedings
Conclusion
b.
Introduction:
Approaches to Arbitration
Types of Arbitration
Voluntary Arbitration
Compulsory Arbitration
Advantages of Arbitration
Court of Inquiry (Sec. 6) 486
Conclusion
c.
Introduction:
Meaning of Adjudication
Types of Adjudication
Voluntary Adjudication
Compulsory Adjudication
Three-Tier System of Adjudication 486 - 489
Labour Courts (Sec. 7)
Industrial Tribunal (Sec. 7A)
Powers of Industrial Tribunal
National Tribunal (Sec. 7B)
Conclusion
U N I T – III
1. Explain the concept and principles of labour welfare?
Synopsis
Introduction:
Meaning of Labour Welfare
The Concept of Labour Welfare
The functional theory of labour welfare
The policy theory
The public relations theory
The philanthropic theory
The religious theory
The social theory of labour welfare
Principles of Labour Welfare
Principle of efficiency
Principle of the social responsibility
Principle of integration and coordination
Principle of adequacy of wages
Principle of totality of welfare
Principle of accountability
Principle of timeliness
Principle of participation
Conclusion
2. Explain the objectives, scope, approaches and need for voluntary welfare measures?
Synopsis
Introduction:
Meaning of Labour Welfare
Objectives of Labour Welfare
Scope of Labour Welfare
Intra – mural Labour Welfare Functions
a. Scientific selection or appointment
b. Industrial training
c. Prevention of accidents
d. Arrangement for light, fresh air and water
e. Other functions
Extra Mural Labour Welfare Functions
a. Provision of education
b. Medical service
c. Facilities of recreation
Classification of Labour Welfare
Intra Mural Activities
Extra Mural Activities
Need for Welfare Service (or) Importance of Welfare
Conclusion
b. Conservancy
c. Medical facilities
Working hours for Adults
a. Weekly hours
b. Weekly holidays
c. Compensatory holidays
d. Intervals for rest
e. Prohibition of overlapping shifts
f. Extra wages for overtime
g. Restriction on double employment
h. Register of adult workers
Employment of Young Persons
a. Prohibition of employment of young children
b. Non adult workers to carry tokens
c. Working hours for children
d. Register of child workers
e. Annual Leave with Wages
Conclusion
b.
Introduction:
Meaning of Labour Welfare Funds
Labour Welfare Funds
Employee State Insurance
Employee State Insurance Scheme (ESI)
i. Medical benefit council
a. Medical benefit
ii. Cash benefit
Disablement Benefit
i. Dependent‟s benefit
Provident Fund
i. Seaman‟s Provident Fund Act, 1966
a. Employees Provident Fund Act, 1952
b. Family Pension
c. Deposit Linked Insurance
d. Gratuity
Conclusion
U N I T – IV
1. How do you prevent accidents? What are its causes? Explain?
Synopsis
Introduction:
Definition for Accident
Machinery for Preventing Industrial Accidents
Voluntary Machinery
Regulatory Machinery
Causes of Accidents
Unsafe Conditions (Work Relates Causes)
a. The job itself
b. Work schedules
c. Psychological climate of the work place
Unsafe Acts
Other Causes
Conclusion
b.
Introduction
Safety Provision
Statutory Provisions for Safety in India
Fencing of the Machinery
Work on near machinery in motion
Employment of Adolescents on Dangerous Machines
Prohibition of Employment of women and children near cotton openers
Pressure Plant
4. Explain Industrial Health? Write a note on significance of industrial health and hygiene?
Synopsis
Introduction
Industrial Health
Significance of Industrial Health and Hygiene
Importance of Industrial Health
Causes of Bad Health (or) Reasons for Bad Health
a. Defective nutrition
b. Uneducation
c. Insanity
d. Inadequate medical and health organization
e. Other causes
Measures to Improve Health Conditions
a. Legislative measures
b. Special advisory committee
c. Regular medical checkup
d. Education and training in industrial health
e. Study of environmental factors
f. Control upon noise
g. Control upon temperature
Conclusion
b.
Introduction
Meaning of Occupational Diseases
Classification of Occupational Diseases
Silicosis
Bagassosis
Byssionosis
Manganese Poisoning
Mercury Poisoning
Lead Poisoning
Phosphorous Poisoning
Anthrax
Caisson Disease
i. Protection against Health Hazards
ii. Recommendation of the National Commission on Labour
Conclusion
UNIT – V
1. Explain Child Labour? And its Statutory Provisions on Child Labour?
Synopsis
Introduction
Child Labour – Overview
Some of the Statutory Provisions on Child Labour
The child shall enjoy special protection ……….. child shall be the Paramount
Consideration.
The Factories Act, 1948
Plantation Labour Act, 1951
The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958
The Mines Act, 1952
The Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961
Shops and Estts Act
Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966
2. Explain Female Labour? And its Statutory Provisions for Women Welfare?
Synopsis
Introduction
Female Labour – Overview
Statutory Provisions for Women Welfare
The legislative provisions for the protection and ……………………………… provisions
for separate toilet facilities, rest rooms, crèches, etc.
Factories Act
Coal Mines Act, 1952
Plantations
Shops and Commercial Establishments
Employment of Women (Sec. 22, 27, 48, 51, 54 & 66)
Conclusion