SSS VIKAS SANSTHA

A Micro-Project
Report
ON

UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

BY

Mr. Sohel sikandar pathan (1909580131)

Miss..sandhya ashok shriram (1809580101)

Mr.Ujwal Tribhuvan.(1909580047)

Guided By :Prof.( subject teacher name)

Y.S KHAMAT

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING
 NATH POLYTECHNIC, PAITHAN. YEAR

2020-2021

MAHARATRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICALEDUCATION

CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE PROJECT ENTITLED

" (PROJECT NAME) "

UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Mr. Sohel Sikandar pathan (1909580131) Mr. Ujwal tribhuvan
(1909580047) Miss..sandhya ashok shriram (1809580101 )

Is Completed As Per The Requirement Of Diploma In Electrical Engineering

Maharashtra State Board Of Technical Education, Mumbai.

Prof. Y.S. KHAMAT Prof G.S.WAYAL

H.O.D PRINCIPAL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING NATH

POLYTECHNIC, PAITHAN. YEAR 2020-2021
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report Submitted by (STUDENT NAME

1)Mr. Sohel Sikandar pathan (1909580131) ,2)Miss..sandhya ashok
shriram(1809580101) 6)Miss. Sonali dattu waghmode (1809580100)

Project Name :-

is the best work Completed under the my super vision and guidance in partial
fulfillment for the award “DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING” For
The Academic Year 2020-2021 OF NATH POLYTECHNIC PAITHAN
(MSBTE)

PLACE: PAITHAN

DATE:

Prof. Y.S Khamat Prof. G.S. Wayal

HOD PRINCIPAL
 ACKNOWLEGEMENT

I wish to acknowledge my sincere thanks & I am deeply indebted to my guide

in completion of this project specific thanks to my

Prof.( subject teacher name)
guide for getting the work started & putting me on this methodic line of
thinking his technical guidance & timely suggestion have helped me a lot.

I also express my sincere thank to our H.O.D. Prof. Y.S. KHAMAT who has
extended support & provided useful guidance for completion of this project
their co-operation & suggestion are acknowledged with deepest gratitude.

Special thanks to my friends who helped me a lot for making this project.

Lastly but not least our sincere thanks to our Principal

 Phasing and Overheating

motor overloading, distortion in the supply voltage, impaired cooling capability,

unbalanced supply voltages etc. Because of overheating, we can face the

problems such as Electrical fire, Insulation failure, Decrease in life time of motor

due to earlier wear and tear of the motor windings etc.Hence, for three phase induction

motors, it is necessary that all the three phases of supply be present and the Motor Temperature be

within the permissible limits. Hence, for the protection of the motors from mechanical damage and

to increase its life time, it is very necessary to protect the phase motors from Single

Phasing and Overheating.

In this project, We are going to design a hardware circuit to prevent the three

phase loads from single phasing or overheating by disconnecting the load from the

supply whenever any one of the two occurs, to monitor the current status of the

motor by the help of LCD screen showing the current temperature and bulbs

showing which phases are currently present, inform the user through alarm and

by sending SMS to the user’s mobile whenever any one of the abnormal

condition occurs.
The hardware circuit makes the use of AT89C51 microcontroller to sense the
abnormal condition i.e. single phasing or overheating and sound a buzzer and send
SMS to the user’s mobile by the use of a GSM Modem and de-energize the 4-pole
contactor which disconnects the load from the supply. Three single phase
transformers are used in star connection whose primary is connected to the 3 phase
supply. The secondary ends of 6V are connected in parallel, which produces net
output voltage of 0 V whenever all phases are present and nearly 6 V when any one
of the phase fails. The LM35 temperature sensor senses the motor temperature. The
output of the temperaturesensor is analog signal. Hence, it is converted into Digital
signal by using an Analog/Digital converter ADC 0804 and fed to the microcontroller.
According to the motor class insulation, the hot spot temperature or the critical
temperature of the motor can be set. The current motor temperature can be
continuously monitored in the LCD screen. In case, if the motor temperature exceeds
the hot spot or the critical temperature, the microcontroller buzzes an alarm, sends
SMS and disconnects the supply from the load. Hence, as a real time application, this
project finds it best place to be used in the Industries and various sectors to prevent
the motor from the damages from Single Phasing and Overheating so as to improve
the life expectancy of the motors and save the High cost machines from frequent
failure and permanent damages
 Block Diagram

This project, consist of the above blocks. It mainly consists of two major blocks.
Temperature sensor and phase sensor block. The Phase sensor block is generally
used to sense the Single Phasing and temperature sensor block is generally used to
sense the overheating in the motors. In Phase sensor block, 3 single phase potential
transformers are connected in star connection in the primary side and delta connection
in the secondary side. The output of the delta connected transformers is again fed to
the rectifier and regulator circuit. If all the phases are present, the output of the rectifier
and regulator circuit is 5V, if not, it is 0V. Hence this 5V or 0V is fed to
the AT89C51 microcontroller to control the relay connected to it. On the other hand,
the temperature sensor senses the temperature of the motor. In case, if the
temperature of the motor exceeds the set temperature of the motor, the microcontroller
trips the relay and hence disconnects the load from the supply. The AT89C51
microcontroller block is interfaced with GSM module, LCD Display and Buzzer. If
anyone of the two cases occurs, the GSM modem will send a message to the user’s
mobile stating the present status of the motor and also sounds a buzzer. Hence, in
this way, this circuit prevents the motor from the effects of overheating and single
phasing. The elaborated description of the various blocks used in this project is
summarized below.

Working

Microcontroller with Motor Start/Stop button

Regulated Power Supply
Microcontroller Interfaced with GSM Module
 Screen Display when motor goes into OFF state as single phasing occurs

Way of Operation
1.Press SET button and go on pressing the INC button to increase the Critical Temperature value of
motor. E.g. 50ºC

2.We can use the DEC button to decrease the critical temperature value that we have
set.

3.Then press SET button again

4.Press START/STOP button to start the motor.

5.If we want to stop the motor, we can press START/STOP button again.

6.In Display, we can view Actual Temperature and Set temperature.

7.If Actual temperature reaches the Set temperature, The contactor trips the motor,
buzzer is alarmed and Send SMS to the user’s mobile.

8.If anyone of the three phases R,Y,B fails, same process happens.

9.Hence, we can save the motor from damage from Single phasing and Over
heating
Conclusion

As aimed, using this project, we are able to protect the motor from the severe effects
of single phasing and overheating during abnormal conditions. A buzzer is sounded
whenever the abnormal condition occurs. The motor is disconnected from the three
phase supply using contactor when anyone of the failure occurs. Furthermore, the
user is notified about the single phasing or overheating condition by sending SMS
using GSM modem. The critical temperature of the three phase load can be set as per
our requirement and motor rating just by using a setting button in the microcontroller
board. The program in the microcontroller can be changed as per our wish to change
the message to be sent to the user during anyone of the abnormal problem.

Nearly one billion motors are used in several industries all over the world. All these motors are
very costly and their protection is the must. Previously bimetallic strips and thermal protection
relays were used to protect the motor from the effects of overheating. But by using this project,
we can set the critical temperature of the motor, view the present temperature and variation
of temperature at very instant as the temperature here is a digital data and is displayed
continuously in the LCD screen. Moreover, previously, overvoltage protection relays were
used in each phase to protect the motors from single phasing which is not a reliable method
of protection for single phasing. So, in this project we were able to distinguish to problem of
single phasing problem in accurate way, monitor the phase in which the phase failure occurred
and protected the motor by disconnecting it from supply and notified the user by sending SMS
to his mobile by using GSM module. Our future improvement for this project is to expand the
project for commercial use in the industries. We are planning to achieve this by communicating
the Microcontroller with the PC using wireless control scheme. Furthermore; software will be
developed to display the temperature of the motor and the status of each and every motor
running in the Industry. The software will also be used to set the critical temperature of the
motors using PC and control the operation of each and every motor from the main computer
whenever needed.