Dimensions and Mechanical Strength of Metal Anchors

Metal Thickness Total Steel bar Yield Tensile

Weight per Elongation
anchor of plate anchor diameter strength strength
metre (kg/m) (%)
No. (mm) length (m) (mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)
1 5.4 1.00 7.2 0.301 392 483 28.0
2 5.1 0.64 6.2 0.244 344 404 29.0
3 4.9 0.77 7.3 0.340 402 498 32.0
4 5.0 0.74 6.7 0.333 457 581 35.0

Variation of elongation against plate thickness

40.0

35.0
Elongation (%)

f(x) = − 10.7142857142857 x + 85.6428571428571

30.0 R² = 0.535714285714286

25.0

20.0
4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
Thickness of plate (mm)

Mortar thickness and density A graph of density verses thickness

1920
Section Total 1900
Layering Density
No. Thickness 1880f(x) = 0.071390501741262 x² − 6.1811248904102 x +
Density (kg/m^3)

5 Single 14 1884 1860R² = 0.257035746722695

6 Single 19 1896 1840
8 Single 20 1911 1820
9 Double 21 1813 1800
1780
11 Double 37 1836
1760
10 15 20 25 30
Mortar thickness (mm)

Weight per
Weight Length
Width (m) Area (m^2) area
(kg) (m)
4.23 2.45 0.5 1.225 (kg/m^2)
3.453
 Strain

0.0519
0.0569
0.0653
0.0700

5.5

density verses thickness

262 x² − 6.1811248904102 x + 1965.71346890349

95

20 25 30 35 40
Mortar thickness (mm)

ANALYSIS OF TIMBER GIRDER

Established data
Average thickness of ceiling mortar ≈
Average mortar density ≈
Average unit weight of ceiling mortar ≈

Length of ceiling ≈
Truss spacing ≈
Unit weight of timber ≈
Assume timber depth ≈
Length of lights truss ≈
Weight of lights truss 608.72 kg ≈

1. Load estimation

(a). Characteristic Permanent loads (Gk)

• Load due to ceiling ≈
• Load due to timber framing ≈
• Load due to steel truss ≈

Hence: Total permanent load ≈

(b). Characteristic variable loads (Qk)

• Assume access to roof for periodic maintenance (Tables 6.1
Hence: Total variable load ≈

(c). Ultimate design load F

• Partial factor of safety for permanent loads =
• Partial factor of safety for variable loads =
Hence: Ultimate load ≈

2. Nodal load distribution

Number of nodes on the truss ≈

Load per node ≈
Hence: Load on internal nodes
Load on external nodes ≈

3. Checking statical determinacy and stability of the pin-jo

• The structure was idealized to be pin-jointed

• It was assumed that all members are axially loaded

Number of members (m) ≈

Number of reactions (r) ≈
Number of joints (j) ≈
 Value of; (m + r) ≈
2j ≈

Check that; (m + r) ≥ 2j ≈
Hence:
Degree of indeterminancy ≈
Thus; 16 members were redundant

4. Analysis of the pin-jointed structure

 0.0225 mm
1868 kg/m^3
18.3251 kN/m^3

14.95 m
1.2 m 4.905
4.905 kN/m^3
0.025 m
5m
5.97154 kN

0.0225 × 1.2 × 14.95 × 18.325 ≈ 7.39692 kN

0.025 × 1.2 × 14.95 × 13.391 ≈ 2.19989 kN
Assumed a weight ≈ 5.972 kN

14.843 + 12.052 + 5.972 ≈ 15.5688 kN

maintenance (Tables 6.1 and 6.2 of BS EN 1991: (2004)

0.75kN/m^2 x 1.25 Take ≈ 0.88875 kN
1

t loads = 1
ads = 1
(1.0 × 32.867) + (1.0 × 2.0) ≈ 16.4576 kN

19
(47.37/19) ≈ 0.86619 kN
≈ 0.86619 kN
(0.5 × 2.2557) ≈ 0.43309 kN

d stability of the pin-jointed structure

e axially loaded

60
4
40
 64
80

Since (m + r) = 64 ≥ 2j = 80

Di = 2j - (m + r) ≈ 16