MARITIME

ECONOMICS
Yalqa Rizqi Azka
04211841000033
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Transnational CONSIDERATIONS
01 Organized 02 OF LOGISTICS
Crime MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION

.
 INTRODUCTION

Maritime security issues relevant to the situation in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia and in
the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. This article will focus on trafficking in persons in the context
of maritime security and its challenges in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore.

https://www.shmgroup.com/blog/changing-trends-maritime-logistics/
 INTRODUCTION

As observed by Secretary-General Kofi

Annan in his report for the 2005 World
Summit entitled 'In larger freedom: https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/11/1077462

towards development, security and human

rights for all", in the borderless world we
live in today, the threat to peace and NO New Threats

security in the twenty-first century is no

1 Civil Violance
longer confined to just international war
and conflict- In this globalized world, the
2 Transnational Organized Crime
threats to security now include the so-
called "new threats",
Terrorism and weapon of mass
3
destruction
 01
Transnational Organized
Crime
.
 Transnational Organized Crime
• Transnational organized crime (TOC) is organized
NO TOC
crime coordinated across national borders, involving
groups or markets of individuals working in more 1 peoples smuggling
than one country to plan and execute illegal business
ventures. In order to achieve their goals, these human trafficking,
2
criminal groups use systematic violence and
corruption.
3 terrorism,

4 illicit trafficking in firearms

5 sea piracy and sea robberies

6 money laundering

https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2020/07/11/eliminate-transnational-organized-crime-in-fishing-
industry.html
 International legal instruments on transnational organized crime

• The UN General Assembly at its fifty-fifth session in

NO PROTOCOL EXPLANATION
2001 adopted important legal instruments which
reflect an international consensus concertino
transnational organized crime.
• They include the "UN Convention against Protocol to
Protocol to Prevent Suppress and
Transnational Organized Crime" (UNCTO) and its 1 Punish Trafficking in Persons,
Prevent
Especially Women and Children,
supplements

Protocol Migrants by Land, Sea and Ail"

2 against the Additionally, the General Assembly at
Smuggling the same session adopted

Tracking in Firearms, Their Parts and

Protocol
Components and Ammunition,
against the
3 supplementing the UN Convention
Illicit
against Transnational Organized
Manufacturing
Crime
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_against_Transnational_Organized_Crime
 UN Convenient against Transnational Organized Crime (UNCTO)

• Under the UNCTO, transnational organized crime

NO Maritime Benefits
refers to offence's es by the Convention and
communities by an organized criminal group, i.e. "a
structured group of three or more persons, existing
for a period of time and acting in concert with the
1 it is committed in more that one State
aim of committed one or more serious crimes or
offences

committed in one State but a substantial part of

2 its preparation, planning, direcGon or control
takes place in another State

it is committed in one State but has substantial

3
effects in another State

http://acronymsandslang.com/definition/225381/UNTOC-meaning.html
 Regional cooperation in combating transnational crime

• The fight against transnational organized crime is

reflected in various regional agreements and NO
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION WHICH COMBATING
TCO
arrangements and cooperation, including the so-
called Bali Process and the ASEAN Regional Fortum
(ARF) as well as national legislations
• International organizations, in addition to the 1 IOM (International Organization for Migration)
United Nations, are also deeply involved in
combaüng international organized crime.

2 IMO( International Maritime Organization)

3 ILO (International Labour Organization)

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Pages/16-IMO-ICAO-ILO-joint-statement.aspx
 Indonesia and maritime security issues

• Being an archipelagic State with an extensive maritime area of 5,9

million squash kilometers, Indonesia's top priority in maritime security
is to defend and maintain its national unity and integrity, its national NO TOC
sovereignty and sovereign rights and to maintain peace and stability in
the region on the basis of international law, and in particular the UN
1 peoples smuggling
Charter and the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea. In this
context, Indonesia attaches great importance to transnational
organized crime such as trafficking in persons, smuggling of migrants, 2 human trafficking,
sea piracy and robberies, terrorism, illicit tracking of arms, illicit
trafficking in dugs and illegal logging and illegal fishing. Security
threats in connection with disputed maritime area are also of great 3 terrorism,
importance to Indonesia.

4 illicit trafficking in firearms

5 sea piracy and sea robberies

6 money laundering

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Pages/16-IMO-ICAO-ILO-joint-statement.aspx
 Trafficking in persons and maritime security

• Admittedly it is difficult to establish accumulate data on NO CAUSES OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSON

the victims off trafficking in persons. Approximately 2,5
1 poverty
million persons are trafficked globally every year.30 the
victim are 80% women and girls. Most of the victims are
trapped by coercive means into sexual exploitation, 2 lack of job opportunities,
forced labour, slavery and trade in human organs
3 regional imbalances

4 economic disparities

rising demand for labour and constructor

5
workers elsewhere

high demand for prostitutes in destination

6
countries

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Pages/16-IMO-ICAO-ILO-joint-statement.aspx
 National efforts to combat trafficking in persons

• Indonesia has made serious efforts to combat trafficking

in persons in the areas of law NO EFFOTRS
• One of the most important steps is the adoption of a
comprehensive law on anti-traficking in persons in 1 Legislation
April 2007 which imposes stiff prison sentences and
fines for traffickers 2
ratification of relevant international legal
instruments

3 Law enforcements

4 Prevention

5 Protection

https://www.baluco.com/top-10-issues-concerning-the-future-of-shipping/
 Concluding observation

Transnational organized crime is a real challenge to

maritime security in Southeast Asia, including in the Straits
of Malacca and Singapore. It is a complex, multi-faceted
problem driven by greed, regional economic imbalances,
poverty, corruption, weakness of national institutions as well
as political adventurism. No single country has the capability
to address transnational crime alone. Regional and
international cooperation is imperative. Efforts by the South-
east Asian continues and other stake holders have so far
yielded a modest result More comprehensive eff0iis to
enhance the capacity to combat transnational organized
crime axe indeed necessary.

https://theglobal-investor.com/archives/3012
 02
Sea-Borne Trade Problem
in Indonesia
.
 World Seaborne Trade
1. Seaborne trade is heavily important and its dependent on prevailing socio-economic trends. Therefore, many
researchers already observed about the related developments over the 4 decades pa st year which is deeply influenced
the performance of international seaborne trade.
2. In the 1960s and 1970s, ship-owners had greater economic power than shippers.
3. The imbalance started getting better in the late 1970s as the economic has getting better with rising market-oriented
strategies, trade liberalization and privatization of state companies.
4. In the 1990s, the international division of labor increased and outsourcing (offshore) activities increased either.
5. The economic recession of 2008/2009 marked a turning point in the history of the world economy, commodity trade and
shipping, and highlighted the growing importance of developing economies.

http://infotraining-indonesia.com/pelatihan-logistics-management/
 National efforts to combat trafficking in persons

• The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an

intergovernmental organization that regulates and
facilitates international trade between nations. It officially
commenced operations on 1 January 1995, pursuant to
the 1994 Marrakesh Agreement, thus replacing the
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) that had
been established in 1948. The WTO is the world's largest
international economic organization, with 164 member
states representing over 96% of global trade and global
GDP

https://knoema.com/infographics/usdzfkc/world-trade-uncertainty-weighing-on-global-growth
 THE YEAR GROWTH

As we can see at the picture, between 1970 and

2011, the world's maritime traffic increased at an
average annual rate of 3%, from 2.6 billion tons in
1970 to 8.7 billion tons in 2011.

Available data in 2007 show that containerized

goods accounted for approximately 52% of the
total value of seaborne trade, reflecting the higher
value of goods carried in containers.

Tanker trade volume is less than 25%, while

general cargo and dry cargo account for 20% and
6% of the value, respectively.

In the year 2000, manufacturing operations

became more globalized, and the supply chain
https://www.baluco.com/top-10-issues-concerning-the-future-of-shipping/ became longer.
 THE YEAR GROWTH
Since 1970, developing economies have
been loading more cargo than unloaded.
Especially due to the rapid growth of the
middle class and the increase in import
demand for consumer goods

Industrial activities in developing countries

and related requirements for raw
materials, energy and intermediate
products.

The geographical distribution of this trade

highlights Asia’s leading role as a loading
area.
https://www.baluco.com/top-10-issues-concerning-the-future-of-shipping/
 COMMERCE AND SHIPPING

➢ The integrated chain of transport has been applied to

the international transport, whose primary target is to
improve and accelerate the product distribution; and
optimize the use of the different transport facilities,
reducing the accumulation of cargo inventories.
➢ But most important reduce the number of inactive
facilities and vehicles such as: ships, trucks and
railroads by delays at ports; therefore this chain
integrated this way is called:

INTERMODALISM

MULTIMODALISM
https://magnetoitsolutions.com/blog/ecommerce-shipping-product-delivery-solutions
 Ship Class Economy

This specialization, generated by the economic

aspect, has meant an increase in the size of ships, with
a denomination called Worldscale , which is
determined by a reason and an index. The Table
below, shows this system for the transport of crude
oil; there are also scales for other types of transport.

Ship sizes
Worldscale Índex
Tons
50.000 215.0 100.0
70.000 190.0 88.4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_E-class_container_ship

150.000 140.0 65.1

255.000 85.0 39.5
 Global GDP growth
World seaborne trade remains largely
determined by world economy and
trade growth. ESCAP ITPM model is
forecasting container throughput in
the future using simple regression
analysis on economic growth rate of
major countries and regions and
container throughput volume.
 Digital divide & new technologies gap

• Automation : - Improve port productivity, help

labor issues, prevent human errors, build eco-
friendly ports and etc. - Different
circumstances in different countries, a careful
approach is needed
• Applying information and communication
technologies - The emergence of new and
powerful new technologies : IoT, Big data,
Block Chain and ITS - Existing technology land
system : EDI, RFID, Single Window, Container
monitoring/tracking system, port community
system, logistics information system and etc. -
How to apply and harmonize among
technologies considering port status and
strategies
 REFERENCES
• https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/39009-EN-maritime-security-issues-in-
southeast-asia-an-indonesian-perspective.pdf
• Kuliah akhir 7 Mei 2021.pdf
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MERCURY VENUS MARS

It’s the closest It has a beautiful Mars is actually a
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and the smallest terribly hot of iron oxide dust
02 PRESENTATION

You can enter a subtitle here if you need it

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2005 2015

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Mercury is a Mars is actually
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Venus has a Neptune is the

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A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS
 MARKET SEGMENTATION

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Jupiter is the 38% 24% Neptune is the
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Venus has a 12% 36% Mercury is a
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 CORE VALUES

MERCURY VENUS MARS

It’s the closest Venus has a Mars is actually a
planet to the Sun beautiful name very cold place

JUPITER SATURN NEPTUNE

Jupiter is the It’s a gas giant and Neptune is the
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 KPI OVERVIEW
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 CORE CUSTOMER AUDIENCES
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 BUDGET ALLOCATION

MARS VENUS 2019 2020 2021

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Mars is a cold place $2,000 $100 $350

Venus has a beautiful name $2,500 $800 $1,000

 STRATEGY

Venus has a
beautiful name VENUS 1
Jupiter is the
2 JUPITER biggest planet
Mars is a cold
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Neptune is the
farthest planet NEPTUNE 5
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Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 GUIDING PRINCIPLES

VENUS EARTH
Venus is the second Earth is the third
planet from the Sun planet from the Sun

MARS SATURN
Despite being red, Saturn is a gas giant
Mars is a cold place and has several rings
 BUDGET

34.67K 10.89M 57.63%

Venus is the second Despite being red, Saturn is a gas giant
planet from the Sun Mars is a cold place and has several rings
 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

VENUS JUPITER
Venus has a Jupiter is the
lovely name biggest planet

MERCURY NEPTUNE
Mercury is a Neptune is the
small planet farthest planet
AWESOME
WORDS
 PERCENTAGES

45% 65%
Venus is the second Despite being red,
planet from the Sun Mars is a cold place
 STATUS REPORT

STEPS L M H PROCESS DESCRIPTION

MERCURY 45% Mercury is a small planet

SATURN 87% Jupiter is the biggest planet

JUPITER 12% Mars is a cold place, not hot

NEPTUNE 56% Venus has a beautiful name

04 CONCLUSION

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 BUYER PERSONA PROFILE
PROFILE SHOPPING CHOICES INTERESTS
● Climate change
65%
● Love animals
80% ● Has plants
50% ● Recycle

Despite being
ANNUAL BUDGET It’s the biggest
red, Mars is a planet in the
cold place 456,754,000 Solar System
 SALES STRATEGY

JUPITER NEPTUNE
Jupiter is the 21% 12% Neptune is the
biggest planet farthest planet

VENUS MERCURY
Venus has a 35% 32% Mercury is a
lovely name small planet
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