INDEPENDENT SAMPLE T-TEST

1.0 Research Questions

Is there any significant difference between male and female respondents in utility
consumption?

2.0 Research Hypotheses

H01 Gender has effect on utility consumption
H11 Gender has no effect on utility consumption

3.0 Research Design

A Google Form survey was conducted in May 2021. A 20-item survey was developed
and distributed among the study population to investigate the annual carbon footprint
across different age group.
The respondents have to use https://mycarbonfootprint.spgroup.com.sg/ to find out
their annual carbon footprint results and write down the collected result. Then they
have to key in respective information from website in the google form
(questionnaire).

4.0 Research Sample

60 respondents were randomly selected to participate in the survey.

5.0 Research Instrument(s)

A special adopt-and-adapt questionnaire is designed and used to gather the research
data. It consists of two parts, namely:
Part A – Demographic Information of Respondents
Part B – annual carbon footprint
Demographic information of the respondents’ part was categorized with Likert scale
questions:
Likert scale

Part B on annual carbon footprint results was categorize with short answers. :
6.0 Research Data
Raw data gathered from the questionnaire are coded and entered into an PSPP-
executable data format. Regardless of which item, unmarked or non-valid responses
are treated as missing values and are to be treated accordingly. A caption of PSPP-
formatted research data is shown below:

7.0 Data Management (when required)

All the collected data were entered into Microsoft Excel and cross checked for presence of
any error to maintain its accuracy. Descriptive statistics was applied to calculate proportions
and frequencies. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical
analysis was performed using GNU PSPP software for Windows.

8.0 Investigations of Assumptions on Data Normality (when applicable)

In these data, by looking at the ‘Shapiro-Wilk’s results, the p>0.05 for both gender.
Therefore, the data is normally distributed.

9.0 Results and Statistical Interpretations

In this case, there are 26 male and 34 female respondents. The mean of annual
individual carbon footprint for male is 4.88 and female is 5.2.
A. Levene’ Test for Equality of Variance
The P-value of Levene’s Test is printed as 0.949, so we conclude that the variance
in individual carbon footprint of male and female respondents is significantly
different from each other.
B. T-Test for Equality of Means
The mean of utility consumption for male and female was subtracted from the mean
of utility consumption of female respondents. (4.88 minus 5.2= -.321)

The grouping shows significant vale (p) > 0.05 we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
We don’t have enough evidence to say that there is a statistically significant
difference between male and female respondents in utility consumption.