5 A ‘UNIT 1: Tse 1. Pc and Amal Tiss 2. Ctasifetion of Plants 4, Clasifation of Animals UNIT? : Plant 4. Photxymbess and Respiration UNIT'3 : Human Body 5. Bxceson in Hamas 6 Newoue Sytem 1. Alecey 11s 16-31 32-40 ates sist 8-64 6-1 ScentieTerms to Remember nem Cstieation of plat eee! Merctensleoné permanent (ingle end compen rena an ares dle sce, ein ~ Sine Nene eee, etch, ry el + Cool parame sues jen, pam oy ae of cal and fi. Cements Fler pen not To be wentonedh You have studied that “cell” is the The cel, whether that ofa under structural and functional unit of Ife. All organism or a multicellular organism, living organisms, plants and animals are consists of protoplasm — the living made up of tiny microscopic cells. substance. You have also learnt Gat there $$ rn rine Scanned with CamScannertons in human body). Some cets (on in tuman bei) ome of cttemammiresea | (yore cre steaite|* SND a = eovat calls, which'as | . | The oot tp consis of meristematic Pent eye cone) | Rena gaa | sme mm em ‘According to the fanetin, the simple ‘permanent ues are of two pes © Protective tse and Soporte Uae, Fre an oe he a sn et cm om sree nue, ot the gen cells ofa lea | = ae Tem ane tame andthe Wood fring | (9 Protective Ts — cel ofthe stem constitute another tse, Protective tissue consists of cells ergo be ——_— wth thc walls These are found onthe ros ot a ga inde of Tess | The vain characteristics of surface of rot, stems andl a ce erpnles are acanged im 2 NT cases of plants and animals | meristematic issues ae as fllows a enema a day orrneed manner t0 PEO opsr of deren pes of sss each |g) The coll are sta = TREES acs. Cells orgie #9 for ‘Eotee Tsu ogni fo form organs nd organs farther form ongan ystems which secretes a waxy water-proof Substance. (You might have abserved Gi) Thenudlel arelargeand conspiouous, that water drops fling on Tea, do not ‘St which pesforms a specific function. PLANT TISSUES | Gao Te cotewats ae thin se ktm oe oh ce ae sly of tw Kins |G Te as a ret wtou vanieg | ak 9 Be a gos, — ead Pema fader pbricelprer tee pt ilk e Pe a ete pins Metematc ees ate made up weal Spporing tous ius mally Se Ehren ate Pg sntSiadng ells Tht only | 2. Permanent _Non-dividing) catoaes parenchyma, calenchyie NGC facto oe ete | Thepormat o m eSyma So Ppt Spieler arian “Per ey acim “AT rer erga (anus Mristemate tissues are found ata! | Sot divide. They become speilice’ ont ee ah iment and pnt) st hr ene tsngle ell rowing points In plant, kc the tip of | 7emal stme throughout thes Ife paces (Fig, 12). These are the living cells Fora a a end rch where homih | New calls av, formed when the feel egg deide vefeateay toi length oceurs, The growth fn he ‘produce thousands, millions or billions of thickness of stem ea fad ate fund inthe ot pats of the pnt, ‘meristematic cells divide. These nevily Troe gue to | formed cells grow, mature and get maleate fiferetated ito various ypes of 3 emanate: Penne’ sues do nt vide farther, A permanent tissues a {eoup of alsin whch growth has either To sady the asviy of mentemac | | Sopp cmp o forthe ine being pelea ‘The permanent tissues can be aise pen es oe ee ee MED | cesta ate Sten beep : 1 Bg oe fm soed ton ins per Afr + Simple pemanent sue (provides onion CLO — hiia3 ‘or three days, you will see white support and protection). es eg Scanned with CamScannernd in the Jeat SOIR 4 DEOW the a mnenand famtn 8 et as 2 eGo pein Se aie eee (Od syle forms the wood and does They stone eopport othe plank) «Ps erie lat Paes Complex permanent tissue or net particle inthe twsroport. vrinly compres OPP OT yen Is compo conducting tissue is also called the i oe iatoes ave mainly © co Seleenchyna Is compoted og | S2Uar tue It proves usage nan alm formed of lrng epoca ct a SMS yf garam and thikewalled cay [2 of ras ters ae ees the downward and upward movement Of the food, manufactured in the lave, {0 ‘asous pars ofthe plant Xylem and piloom (Fig. 15) are the fo els contain 11). These are dead cells, Th pamela cls orc of food. «igs 14). Ts ls. This on oe ae type of conducting tissues Eran fot (exe provides strength t0 the plant cance s made up OBIE Cy found in stems and veins of ie tik ot a 0 Xylem is formed of tik, The ph Shona Be teavesmenty 35 phloem consists of (sive oho bg Ts eae 8 tubular and often dead cel tubes, (i compenton cells, Gi) poco, ee ence al are paced endtoend, Paerchyms nnd plc ee {ae partitions between the cells Gisave to form long channels ca forthe tansport of water and . . tne eZ The xylem tissue consists of genom (o tacheds. i) vesels, (HD xylem 713 Coie Fe Sencha SBrerchyma snd Gs) ple Snes tages wce Aton a rn Xylem cells transport water and ke nine aborted by te roots om he ac Campton hen phy clncya an leenchy snc Sln upward fo the eaves The water "suse = rea ‘edn preparing glucose during mam =~ Ea (resent nt photosynthesis or lst as water vapour in reac [apres tin | 1. Hlorgate cols with unevenly | 1, Long, marrow, thick transpiration. race Sis crea | Stet ateanwtege| wa ec te 1.15pm ptmae: |, eenwanarspen oe |: ahr fee | ecient | Sen “te 12 Dien betveen sem nd lem. een’ Bees = wen Thcen natn [fad temps | DFend n ps nwa] 2 Fond i Tanjore nd incl arid | acs dwar in ee cn * Lv ste pn tenee ober pl pre foobar pla pare | Sorin ee 2 Cots mini ed es 2 Cons malo ig Cs ee ere 3. Connon uid iz oly | 3 cl ci bah a esc] spe ots, an strc upwards from the rots saad downwards fom the aves et ees Serum So Sh ire inn Scanned with CamScanneree Pack at the kovaed (Gara roe cals te placed > Thin ike «drain = Pa een by one ad pace ener Hae eeroscpe, AS Your teacher Se ud then Stay Sepa ecu 1 Pence \* took at be lege ‘walled cel Souwilee nge ect Copy ths Gage i your fot ab > Eien ate (these cll ae found i the ster ff the plan suc a pth of Fed seat po oem Took at the tubular > acre lined With cll Raving ‘Soin mae ‘ais wich Reve > You wl se thicheninge a the a iy ag yo (Thorton na ts 5 Serene > Ret erated or > Copy thie diagrams in out nate Beak abel Meets ane In, re found in stem and veins of | hs me | rt x ae : rt 12078 Sept? pp Epithelial Tissue (Fg. 1.8) Epithelial tissue forms a thin Drotective layer of cell. Ie covers the surface ofthe body an forms the lining of various body eavities and internal organs. Epithelial cells may be flat, cuboidal ot columnar in shape : “To stdy the conduction of water by hem, Ct the lower end of at crt fd you sail et acute ylowah cee Lem rot et set end dipped i aon (hie nn a beaker fore hea Now i aot ents You wil ae tat fhe cna id nthe cat hs bce ed eslur Tie shows tat the i has ‘Soon toed and eapoed oper FANT TSU Copan Speer me a Fi 16S of ete ane (nthe basis ofthe shape ofthe cls, the epi tssues are of four types 4 Squamous epithelium : They are composed of thi, ftened and polygonal ‘el Bzampl Calls of he outer layer of skin Ths cls are saly protectin. ‘id Caboidalepthium : They are composed of cubeike cells. Example Teer wal ing of Kidney tubules. These cel are sly oer ith boon i) Columna epithelium : They are compoted of vertealy arranged tal, eylindial or columatke cel Exo Taner lining of stomach and intestine. ‘These ccs ae usally secretory. {At some pices inthe body, for example in the lining of the wind pipe fn vide, the clnar epithelia fas developed cls. Such an epithelium 2 Connective (suporive) sews. te ited epithe a 3. Mascular (contact) sue Keep lasing and move the substances 4 Nervous (message conveying tue. ins contact. “Se eS ere se oe “tiene ye ‘ANIMAL TISSUES: “The animal tissues may be assed Imo four major groups 1. Epithelial (covering) tesue, Scanned with CamScannerConner ds connects vaio yas well a8 it Fad eonnectve tue (Blood and Supportive connective tissue cons of eatlage and bons. Ta) Catlage covers the ends of bones, and gives support to certain (ip sich & tip of the nose, extemal preecion of the ear, and wind pipe Pros fll or tst your eteral ea and lene i Hreverts to is normal shape You cn fel the supporting cartilage in your ers. Sly, there is a extlage ‘eben pour feo oss at the tip of the noe The cage consists ofa lat round substance (mati) (Fig. 17), which contains a ange numberof spaces, ‘ch cone by one or more cells Pi 17 Section of eae (ee O00" ee ed 7 er ot eee Pig 1 Secon of tana bone i Fibrous connective tissue serves for packing and binding of most of the organs. (a) Arcola tissue binds our skin to the underlying tissue. ©) Adipose tissue contains cells filled with fat globules (© Tendons connect muscles to bones at joints, 2) Ligaments connect a bone to another bone joints it 9 Tendon ed ane (Gi) Fluid connective tissue consists of blood and yep (ig. 1.410, SD.” ig, 10M Haman ad els (a) Blood : tis composed of both liquid and cellular pants. The liquid part in the blood is the plasma, and the cellular part includes the red blood orpuscles, white blood corpuscles and platelets (©) Lymph s the flid surrounding the boy cll tis extent the plasma with sone lekoytes or white blod ces that Ihave cored out ofthe blood caplet Tac ed blood cells nd blood plates Fluid connective tissue is mainly ‘concesned with the transportation of Substances, like glucose, amino acids, cagygen, ete. 3. Muscular Tlesue (Fig. 1.11) ‘Muscular tissue forms the muscles of the body. The muscles can contact Sand relat Thus they Belp the body in all its movements and locomotion. ‘Three distinct kinds of muscles are ( Striated (skeletal, striped, or voluntary) muscles, (GW) Unsteated (Smooth, unstriped, of involuntary) muscles, and (i) Cardiac or heart muscles, (Suites Muscles Striated muscles found attached to bones are under the contol of the wll of an individual. The muscles in your arm move only when you want. For ‘example, when You want wo throw 3 Ball you move your arm. Such muscles ‘constitute about 40% of the Body weight. ‘Common places to find such muscles are arms and legs face, nec et under control of one’s will. Movements like passage of food in the alimentary ‘anal, for example, are caused by the fontaction ofthe unerited musces in the intestinal walls Such muscles are composed of slender, tapering cells ‘Musces of the ine im the eye and those in the urinary ladder wall ae also ‘untried or smooth meses. (i) Cardige Muscles (Cardiae muscles areas involuntary, ‘bat of diferent kinds The ells re are Striated and comparatively short. Unlike A, HEE Fi LA Thee eet hint sees Scanned with CamScanner“pe ae mes ec tes ea ey tw ies eins Senor eine. 44. Nervous Tissue Nenosstsue con ste Tis suis tutes the nervs pofelongated enon ight gen co ele leo one sey cent ofl by 2 ingens nd oer (at ca alte estehiog er end One oh the en sever ng someting me oun bin oper cells called fox a nero’ ig, 1.13 ‘To study ferent types of anima sues ‘Aativity 4 Tegunt your teacher to provide prepared ses of dee animal sues. pare he ides one by one under he microscope and view the eel. wc nig Sma i nt Ap ee cyitcum ton piel ——_— pie ae et spe mn te me 4. Epithelial Here: “a +The epithelia daues ar mainly of thre ‘Susmou cited and emma epithelia + The tne types of epithet tases can be ea endo he bas othe shape tec + bere the shape of the cn the he sides and fre your cuca in he ble gen blow. ileal aa ee | 1, Squamous \} beams | ane a 7 Draw neat and labellod diagrams of ifeen pul cli he spaces provided lng. 2 Stated muscle same the fog es. al | {htt is show any ro artins ought te | length? Ye + rw the dlagram in he space provide yous sng ln your aide 1 Ghte the main ell pt a the ie 5 + Do you ae a maces in th ell dy 2 ; {Dror eat and labelled dgeam In Provided slang Note: Draw neat igrams of the served inthe spaces provided ‘ 7 “I Scanned with CamScannerME pint be e976 ine ternative in the flowing statements, fo A op ofan cls efor pie frton fms 8 oe C0 apes o (9 opaspem — ] «te o Ge Thesma ine traces ren otro hcl bdo nee el ae (eens wom oO © won a] pease o ay Pit cence tf mans i vondandcainge —(}@) phandpaome (2 Mondandiyaph =] sromaandimic |] Hom ANSWER QUESTIONS (o Tae (8 Ope: 2 Axor flown. (0 Wt sa meron se? How eee rom permanent ses? | Whats te fnction of mete ee? | 44 State whether he lowing statements ar Ti ot Fle (@ A tise frm of ony one typeof els in Oni one typeof sue forms an organ. | Gi Permanent sue made up of uilferentined and dividing cl () Merstati ase foun at he groming tis ofa plan | (Poem formes of end bulls | 4 tin the aks by slacting stable words rom he it given Below ‘inal alleys, vac es contin | A group often — ‘working gota oper faction lle a opin (id Xylem ad poem form he (i Conducting ee cll |G) Cats are sangateand thick the comer in tes (0) Parenchymn ecomponed 2 ge ea | Match th ime given in Com A wit howe given in Cain Be: (0 brows conecivetasse Boos (i) Pd conoctivetiave ( eraage ( Sapponiveconnacve Sve (6) connects a Bonet anaherboe. (i) Ligament (@ eoletne (6) Tendon (@) comects a muscle wi bone Pt ir ane Scanned with CamScannerP rept te a OE, OF ngs? «toe doen te fing eet (i tags (0 Neon (oo Cosine macs aie ct iano on Chg Cslann A ae Column # Function) | 1 Fel se (@) movement ) Cone tse (©) protection (4 Wa tae (e) messages (Neos tse ssppoe (6) Mac te (e) wansport, 8. Nanette at 70) cans exyen sound your By oa (Go Transported ifr prt oa plant (0 Transat atria plans (0 Suppor an sis body (0 ds dite tes ogee. (0 Conds mesges rom oe pao te bly oath. 9, Bd onthe towing ‘rele floratn Went the thee ype of pith sue in he ge (© Cobia epthein: tt cnse ot ofa sage ayer of cboidl cells Ped ofl, ein cl with oval uc sa bed at thse of he et (i iat option cons of senting hae ie inc resurface ° oe = e. a 18, ste re ferns awe he vo pic vic kes nd in ple "sues in plants. Give the fncin of mertemaie tana, nn M4 MAE do we find sch 12, Name th pla sue whic els in the movement of water mnt bre thevatous ype of alle pea ints see ibieke “poo componen pr eae = 24 Same he various ype of nial ines and sate hi fecins, Ds he strmcture and fonction aterent ype of epithet even. 16 Dra he diagram of neazon ad abel the eowing pat in it ‘Sims mn id of me osu. Give the exe lon of ah Kin! an vil) Scanned with CamScanner