Corynebacterium

Name of the group of bacteria that are slightly curved, gram positive
rods. Often referred to as Club- shaped or Chinese letters.

Rhodococcus equi
Organism that shows diphtheroid gram- positive rods with traces of
branching on a Gram stain.

Diphtheria toxins
The major virulence factor associated with Corynebacterium diphtheria.

Bacillus cereus
Bacillus sp. that is a common cause of food poisoning and opportunistic
infection in susceptible hosts.

N. brasiliensis
Name of the Nocardia sp. that most frequently causes a cutaneous
infection.

C. diphtheria
Gray pseudomembrane on back of throat.

Listeria monocytogenes
Organism responsible for spontaneous abortion and stillborn neonates.

Inhalation
Form of anthrax found among animal workers and has been dubbed
Woolsorter's disease.
SBA, Loeffler, and Cystine- tellurite blood
Media that Corynebacterium diphtheria grows on.

Bacillus anthracis
Colonies that are non- hemolytic, large, gray, and flat with an irregular
margin on sheep blood agar.

All species of Arcanobacterium are clinically significant EXCEPT THIS

ONE.
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Pig farmer went to the doctor due to purple sores on skin.

Narrow zone of Beta- hemolysis and a black dot is seen when the colony
is scraped away.
A. haemolyticum.

What organism is a member of the human oropharyngeal flora, but has

been isolated from people with endocarditis?
Rothia dentocariosa

Several people from a picnic came down with a gastrointestinal

disturbance, and public health officials suspected a case of food
poisoning. Motility medium was inoculated and an umbrella pattern of
motility was observed at room temperature. What organism was
isolated?
Listeria monocytogenes

What test is performed to determine if Corynebacterium diphtheria is a

toxigenic strain of the organism?
Elek test
What Bacillus sp. is a relatively common cause of food poisoning and
opportunistic infection in susceptible hosts?
Bacillus cereus

What Corynebacterium infects mostly immunocompromised patients?

C. jeikeium

What is one of the most frequently isolated, clinically significant

corynebacterium?
C. urealyticum

Erysipleothrix rhusiopathiae produces all of the following diseases

except:
a. septicemia
b. meningitis
c. endocarditis
d. erysipeloid
Meningitis

What organism displays Babes- Ernest granules on a Gram Stain?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

CDC Blood Agar

a primary isolation media that supports the growth of almost all obligate
and facultative anaerobes; is best for anaerobic, gram-positive cocci

CDC Blood Agar

a primary isolation media that contains sheep RBCs, Vitamin K
(required by some Porphyromonas), and yeast extract
Bacteroides Bile Esculin (BBE) Agar
a primary isolation media that supports the growth of bile-tolerant
Bacteroides spp.; some Fusobacterium mortiferum, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, enterococci, and yeast may also grow

Bacteroides Bile Esculin (BBE) Agar

a primary isolation media that contains gentamicin (inhibits most
aerobes), 20% bile (inhibits most anaerobes), and esculin

Brucella Blood Agar (BRU/BA)

a primary isolation media that supports the growth of almost all obligate
and facultative anaerobes; is best for gram-negative bacteria

Brucella Blood Agar (BRU/BA)

a primary isolation media that contains sheep RBCs, casein peptones,
dextrose, yeast extract, vitamin K, and hemin

Kanamycin-Vancomycin-Laked Blood (KVLB) Agar

a primary isolation media that supports the growth of Bacteroides and
Prevotella spp.; yeasts, and kanamycin-resistant, facultative GNRs might
also grow

Kanamycin-Vancomycin-Laked Blood (KVLB) Agar

a primary isolation media that contains kanamycin (inhibits most
facultative GNRs), Vancomycin (inhibits most Gram-positives and
Vancomycin sensitive Porphyromonas spp.), and laked blood
(accelerates brown-black pigment Prevotella spp.)
Phenylethyl Alcohol (PEA) Agar
a primary isolation media that contains sheep RBCs and phenylethyl
alcohol

Colistin Nalidixic Acid (CNA) Blood Agar Plate

a primary isolation media that contains sheep RBCs and colistin and
nalidixic acid

Thioglycolate (THIO) Broth

a primary isolation media that supports the growth of most bacteria;
obligate anaerobes are easily overgrown by facultative anaerobes

Clostridium perfringens
large, irregular-shaped colonies on SBA with double zone of Beta-
hemolysis; stain as large, boxcar-shaped bacilli, very rare subterminal
spores

Clostridium difficile
large, flat colonies that have a barnyard odor and fluoresce chartreuse
under long-wave UV light; stain as thin GPRs with rare subterminal
spores

Peptostreptococcus spp.
small, peaked, circular colonies appearing after 24 hours that stain as
gram-positive cocci

Peptococcus niger
colonies are initially black to olive green, become light gray when
exposed to air; GPC

Proprionibacterium acnes
small, opaque colonies that are catalase- and indole-positive; stain as
coryneform gram-positive rods

Bacteroides fragilis
large, gray-black colonies on BBE with growth on KVLB after
overnight incubation

Bacteroides ureolyticus
translucent pitting colonies, with no growth on BBE or KVLB; stain as
gram-negative tiny rods or coccobacilli and are indole-negative

Fusobacterium nucleatum
ground-glass or breadcrumb-like colonies of long, slender, gram-
negative rods with pointed ends; are indole positive
Prevotella
growth on anaerobic blood agar and KVLB but not BBE and fluoresce
brick red; are gram-negative tin coccobacilli

Veillonella
small, translucent or opaque colonies of tiny gram-negative cocci or
diplococci; negative indole

Porphyromonas
small, translucent or opaque, brick red fluorescence on blood agar, no
growth on KVLB; stain as tiny gram-negative coccobacilli and are
indole positive
Cycloserine-Cefoxitin-Fructose Agar (CCFA)
a selective and differential medium for the recovery and presumptive ID
of Clostridium difficile; C. diff produces yellow ground-glass colonies;
the originally pink agar turns yellow around colonies (fermentation of
fructose)

Clostridium perfringens
GPR with very rare subterminal spores
Lipase -
Lecithinase +

Clostridium tetani
GPR with terminal spores
Lipase -
Lecithinase -
Indole +

Clostridium botulinum
GPR with subterminal spores
Lipase +
Lecithinase -

Clostridium difficile
GPR with subterminal spores
Lipase -
Lecithinase -
Indole -
Mobiluncus spp.
curved, motile, gram-positive bacterium that can cause vaginosis

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
a gram-positive cocci that is sensitive to SPS

What test differentiates staphylococci from streptococci

Catalase

The atmospheric conditions best suited to grow streptococci and

enterococci are
Oxygen-free atmosphere

What is the inexpensive test used to presumptively identify

Streptococcus pyogenes
Bacitracin

What is the name of the test used to presumptively identify group B

streptococci
CAMP,

What test presumptively differentiates Beta-hemolytic group A

streptococci and nonhemolytic group D enterococci from other
streptococcal species
PYR

What two tests have been mainstays in identification schemes for the
non-Beta-hemolytic, catalase-negative, gram-positive cocci
Bile esculin and salt tolerence (PYR)
What test is used as a presumptive identification of Streptococcus
pneumoniae
Optochin

Most doctors' offices use the rapid throat swab methods to identify
Streptococcus pyogenes. If the test is positive, the physician treats the
patient. What should happen if the test is negative

throat culture.

What is the drug of choice for treating most streptococcal infections

Penicillin

What is the hemolysin responsible for hemolysis on SBA incubated

anaerobically
Streptolysin O

What is one of the most common diseases caused by streptococci

Strep throat

What disease is produced by group A streptococci that is characterized

by a rapidly progressing inflammation and necrosis of the skin,
subcutaneous fat, and fascia
Necrotizing fasciitis

Two serious complications of an infection with group A streptococcal

disease are
Acute Glomerulonephritis and Rheumatic fever
What organism on sheep blood agar (SBA) has colonies that are small
and transparent, surrounded by a wide zone of Beta-hemolysis
Streptococcus pyogenes

Streptococcus agalactiae is a significant cause of

Invasive disease of the newborn

What organism on sheep blood agar (SBA) has grayish white colonies
surrounded by a small zone of Beta-hemolysis
Streptococcus agalactiae; Group B streptococci

What are two tests used to presumptively identify group B strep

Hippurate hydrolysis and CAMP

What two tests are used to presumptively identify Enterococcus

Bile esculin and 6.5% NaCl broth

What is VRE
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus

One major virulence factor for Streptococcus pneumonia is

Capsular polysaccharide

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes all the following infections EXCEPT

Pharyngitis

What is the drug of choice to treat Streptococcus pneumoniae

Penicillin
Why do Streptococcus pneumoniae colonies on sheep blood agar (SBA)
appear like a coin—raised edges and a depressed center
The older growth at the center is killed due to autolysis

Where are the viridans streptococci constituents of the normal florae

normal flora of the upper respiratory tract, the female genital tract, and
the gastrointestinal tract. (all of the above)

A young girl goes to her doctor's office with a fever, headache, and a
sore throat. The mother states the girl has a fever of 38.8° C (102° F).
What test should the physician perform
Throat culture

An 80-year-old woman is admitted from a nursing home where she has

been sick with a cough and fever for two days. She is coughing up thick,
rust-colored sputum. The physician prescribed penicillin, but she is not
getting any better. What is her most probable diagnosis?
Pneumococcal pneumonia with penicillin-resistant organism

What is the name of the group of bacteria that are slightly curved, gram-
positive rods often referred to as club-shaped or Chinese letters when
viewed in a Gram stain
Corynebacterium

What is the major virulence factor associated with Corynebacterium

diphtheriae
diphtheria toxin
A young girl is brought to her physician by her mother, who says the
child has been very sluggish with a fever of 38° C (100.5 F) for a week.
The mother noticed that the child's tonsils were red and that yesterday
the back of her throat turned a gray color and looked to have a gray
membrane on it. What disease should the physician suspect
Diphtheria

What test is performed to determine if Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a

toxigenic strain of the organism
Elek test

What is the colony morphology of A. haemolyticum on sheep blood agar

(SBA)
A narrow zone of b-hemolysis and a black opaque dot is seen when the
colony is scraped away.

What organism is responsible for spontaneous abortion and stillborn

neonates and can cause meningitis with a fatality rate approaching 50%
in newborns
Listeria monocytogenes

Several people from a picnic came down with a gastrointestinal

disturbance, and public health officials suspected a case of food
poisoning. The food, especially hot dogs, were cultured and after 24
hours of growth on sheep blood agar (SBA), there was a small, round,
smooth, translucent colony surrounded by a narrow zone of Beta-
hemolysis. A Gram stain showed gram-positive coccobacilli. Motility
medium was inoculated and an umbrella pattern of motility was
observed at room temperature. What organism was isolated as the cause
of the illness
Listeria Monocytogenes
One of the foremen at a pig farm notices purple sores on one of his
workers. The worker has not been feeling well for the past two weeks, so
the foreman sends him to the doctor. The doctor takes scrapings from the
sores and sends them to the laboratory for a culture and sensitivity. The
Gram stain shows 3+ thin, gram-positive rods that have filaments. The
culture plates were examined the next day and revealed nonhemolytic,
pinpoint, transparent colonies. What is the most likely pathogen?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

What is the name of the bacteria that plays an important role in the
health of the female vaginal tract, protecting it against pathogens?
_________________________________________
NOTE: The text suggests the answer of G. vaginalis. This is not correct
as an overgrowth of G. vaginalis can be a sign of disease. There is
another organism that is a major part of the healthy vaginal tract
Lactobacillus

What is the name of the Bacillus species that causes anthrax in cattle
Bacillus anthracis

What form of anthrax is found among animal workers and has been
dubbed woolsorter's disease
Inhalation

What bacteria's morphology is described as large, square-ended, gram-

positive or gram-variable rods found singly or in chains
Bacillus anthracis

What Bacillus sp. is a relatively common cause of food poisoning and

opportunistic infection in susceptible hosts
Bacillus cereus
What Corynebacterium infects mostly immunocompromised patients
C. jeikeium

What is one of the most frequently isolated, clinical significant

Corynebacteria
C. urealyticum

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae produces all the following diseases

EXCEPT
Meningitis

After 24 hours, a sheep blood agar (SBA) from a vaginal culture is read.
The SBA has Alpha-hemolytic, pinpoint, rough colonies all over the
plate. A catalase test is performed, and it is negative. What organisms do
these characteristics fit?____________________________ and
_____________________
Lactobacillus and viridans streptococci

All the following are general characteristics of the genus Bacillus

EXCEPT
Cocci

What is the name of the Gram positive Genus that, before the onset of
bioterrorism and immunocompromised patients, was considered a
common laboratory contaminant
Bacillus

How is anthrax spread in animals

Eat plants contaminated with the spores

What bacterium produces colonies that are nonhemolytic, large, gray,

and flat with an irregular margin on sheep blood agar (SBA)
Bacillus anthracis

All the following tests should be performed by sentinel laboratories to

rule out the possibility of Bacillus anthracis from an isolate EXCEPT
Glucose fermentation

What other gram-positive rod is similar to Bacillus anthracis

B. cereus

Which of the following is true about Nocardia spp.

These organisms grow well on standard nonselective media.
Growth may take a week or more.
Infections occur in immunocompromised patients.
All of the above.

How can Nocardia spp. be presumptively identified

Filamentous, branching organisms with a carbolfuchsin acid-fast stain
with a weak acid decolorizer, but not a Kinyoun acid-fast stain

Why is it that although Nocardia spp. grow well on most common

nonselective laboratory media, many are missed when the cultures are
read
They require 3-6 days to grow

Name a curved, gram-negative rod that grows on TCBS agar

Vibrio
What is the name of the organism that causes the disease cholera
V. cholerae

Infections with Vibrio spp. can be contracted in all of the following

situations EXCEPT:
Greater numbers of Vibrio spp. in the environment

Name 3 major biochemical characteristics of Vibrio spp

Positive oxidase, fermentative metabolism, positive "string test"
Halophilic, reduces nitrates to nitrites

What disease manifests in acute cases as a severe gastroenteritis,

accompanied by vomiting followed by diarrheic stools that are described
as rice water and occur 10 to 30 times a day
Cholera

How is cholera treated

Oral or intravenous hydration

What is the name of the organism that is responsible for "summer

diarrhea" in Japan
vibrio parahemolyticus

What species of Aeromonas is the most frequently associated with

gastrointestinal infections
Aeromonas hydrophilia
Aeromonads have been implicated in all of the following diseases
EXCEPT
Pneumonia

What do aeromonad colonies look like on cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin

(CIN) agar
unneven apron like

What two biochemical tests help distinguish Aeromonas species from

other enterics?
Oxidase and indole

All of the following characteristics describe the genus Plesiomonas

EXCEPT
Oxidase negative

What organism is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis

worldwide
Campylobacter jejuni

What is the name of the organism that is strongly associated with gastric,
peptic, and duodenal ulcers as well as GI carcinoma
Helicobacter pylori

What organism may play a role in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)

Campylobacter

When collecting specimens that may contain Campylobacter spp.

bacteria, what transport medium should they be placed in, if a delay in
transport is possible
Cary-Blair Transport media

Campy-BAP contains
Brucella agar base, 10% sheep red blood cells, vancomycin,
trimethoprim, polymyxin B, amphotericin B, and cephalothin

What temperature is an optimal growth temperature for Campylobacter

jejuni
42°C

What type of an atmosphere do campylobacters require for growth

microaerophilic and capnophilic

What organism has a microscopic morphology of tiny gram-negative

rods, curved, with S-shapes or seagull-wing shapes on Gram stain
Campylobacter

How is Helicobacter pylori presumptively identified

ability to rapidly produce urease

What is the name of the group of bacteria that are gram-positive rods
often referred to as club-shaped or V & L forms when viewed in a Gram
stain?
A. Corynebacterium
B. Staphylococcus
C. Neisseria
D. Listeria
A. Corynebacterium
What is the major virulence factor associated with Corynebacterium
diphtheriae?
A. Trypsin
B. Diphtheria toxin
C. Diphtheria bacteriophage
D. Hyaluronidase
B. Diphtheria toxin

What media does Corynebacterium diphtheriae grow on?

A. Sheep blood agar (SBA)
B. Loeffler
C. Cystine-tellurite blood
D. All of the above
D. All of the above

What Corynebacterium species is commonly associated with

hospitalized immunocompromised patients?
A. C. pseudotuberculosis
B. C. jeikeium
C. C. striatum
D. C. ulcerans
B. C. jeikeium

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae produces all the following diseases, except;

A. septicemia.
B. meningitis.
C. endocarditis.
D. erysipeloid.
B. meningitis.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae produce the diphtheria toxin when infected
by
A. Bacteriophagum intestinale.
B. lysogenic β-phage.
C. T phage.
D. shadowed phages.
B. lysogenic β-phage.

Corynebacterium diphtheriae appears microscopically as a

A. palisading gram-positive bacillus.
B. gram-positive cocci in chains.
C. curved gram-positive coccobacillus.
D. large, straight, filamentous, gram-positive bacillus.
A. palisading gram-positive bacillus.

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is differentiated from C. ulcerans and C.

pseudotuberculosis by
A. formation of the Tinsdale halo.
B. Christie, Atkins, Munch-Peterson (CAMP) reaction.
C. nitrate reduction.
D. lack of urease production.
D. lack of urease production.

Corynebacterium urealyticum is most commonly associated with

A. wound infections.
B. dandruff.
C. upper respiratory tract infections.
D. urinary tract infections.
D. urinary tract infections.

Which of the following virulence factors prevents Listeria

monocytogenes from being killed by macrophages?
A. Catalase
B. Superoxide dismutase
C. Phospholipase C
D. Listeriolysin C
D. Listeriolysin O

Fatality rates of newborn infection rates of Listeria monocytogenes

approach
A. 5%.
B. 70%.
C. 50%.
D. 20%.
C. 50%.

The incubation period of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is

A. 12 to 18 hours.
B. 24 to 36 hours.
C. 2 to 7 days.
D. 9 to 12 days.
C. 2 to 7 days.

One of the foremen at a pig farm notices purple sores on one of his
workers. The worker has not been feeling well for the past 2 weeks, so
the foreman sends him to the physician. The physician takes scrapings
from the lesions and sends them to the laboratory for a culture. The
Gram stain shows 3+ thin, gram-positive rods that have filaments. The
culture plates were examined the next day and revealed nonhemolytic,
pinpoint, transparent colonies. What is the most likely pathogen?
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Streptococcus pyogenes
C. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
D. Rhodococcus
C. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Which of the following would be considered a diphtheroid?
A. Corynebacterium sp.
B. Nocardia sp.
C. Erysipelotghrix rhusiopathiae
D. Listeria monocytogenes
A. Corynebacterium sp.

All of the following species of Arcanobacterium are clinically

significant, except
A. Arcanobacterium haemolyticum.
B. Trueperella pyogenes (previously A. pyogenes).
C. Trueperella bernardiae (previously A. bernardiae).
D. A. urealyticum.
D. A. urealyticum.

What is the colony morphology of A. haemolyticum on SBA?

A. A narrow zone of β-hemolysis and a black opaque dot is seen when
the colony is scraped away.
B. No hemolysis, with pitting around the edges of the colony.
C. α-Hemolysis, with a central black opaque dot in the colony.
D. A wide zone of β-hemolysis and a large, yellow, mucoid colony
A. A narrow zone of β-hemolysis and a black opaque dot is seen when
the colony is scraped away.

All the following are general characteristics of the genus Bacillus,

except
A. aerobic or facultative anaerobes.
B. gram-positive.
C. form endospores.
D. cocci.
D. cocci.
What is the name of the Bacillus sp. that causes anthrax in cattle?
A. B. anthracis
B. B. cereus
C. B. asteroids
D. B. subtilis
A. B. anthracis

What is the name of the organism that, before being identified as an

important cause of infections in immunocompromised patients, was
considered a common laboratory contaminant?
A. Streptococcus pyogenes
B. Bacillus subtilis
C. Rhodococcus sp.
D. Arcanobacterium sp.
B. Bacillus subtilis

The three proteins that make up the anthrax toxin include all the
following, except
A. protective antigen.
B. edema factor.
C. cellular factor.
D. lethal factor.
C. cellular factor.

What form of anthrax is found among animal workers and has been
called Woolsorter disease?
A. Cutaneous
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Inhalation
D. Optical
C. Inhalation
The presence of gram-variable bacilli on the surface of epithelial cells
collected from the vaginal mucosa indicates
A. cervicitis.
B. bacterial vaginosis.
C. diphtheria.
D. poor staining technique.
B. bacterial vaginosis

What antibiotic, in 2000, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) for postexposure inhalation anthrax?
A. Penicillin
B. Erythromycin
C. Cephalosporin
D. Ciprofloxacin
D. Ciprofloxacin

What Bacillus sp. is a relatively common cause of food poisoning and

opportunistic infection in susceptible hosts?
A. Bacillus cereus
B. B. anthracis
C. B. asteroids
D. B. pneumoniae
A. Bacillus cereus

Which of the following is true about Nocardia spp.?

A. These organisms grow on standard nonselective media.
B. Growth may take a week or more.
C. Infections occur in immunocompromised patients.
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
All of the following are commonly encountered Nocardia spp., except
A. Nocardia asteroides.
B. N. brasiliensis.
C. N. transvalensis.
D. N. nova.
C. N. transvalensis.

What is the name of the iron-chelating compound produced by Nocardia

spp.?
A. Nocobactin
B. Novobiocin
C. Narcalase
D. Niacin
A. Nocobactin

What is the name of the Nocardia sp. that most frequently causes a
cutaneous infection?
A. Nocardia nova
B. N. brasiliensis
C. N. asteroides
D. N. transvalensis
B. N. brasiliensis

How can Nocardia spp. be presumptively identified?

A. Strong staining with Gram stain and the presence of filamentous,
branching organisms
B. Medusa head colonies with filamentous, branching organisms present
on acid-fast stain
C. Sulfur granules that when crushed and Gram stained reveal
filamentous, branching organisms
D. Filamentous, branching organisms with a carbolfuchsin acid-fast
stain with a weak acid decolorizer, but not a Kinyoun acid-fast stain
D. Filamentous, branching organisms with a carbolfuchsin acid-fast
stain with a weak acid decolorizer, but not a Kinyoun acid-fast stain

Why is it that although Nocardia spp. grow on most common

nonselective laboratory media, many are missed when the cultures are
read?
A. These organisms require 3 to 6 days to grow.
B. These organisms require factors X and V to grow.
C. These organisms require 3 to 6 weeks to grow.
D. These organisms are anaerobic.
A. These organisms require 3 to 6 days to grow.

Why is it important to differentiate infections with Nocardia spp. in

pulmonary infections?
A. Antifungal agents do not kill these organisms.
B. These organisms are resistant to penicillin.
C. These organisms are susceptible to sulfonamides.
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.

What is the name of the genus of organisms that are primarily

saprophytic and resemble aerobic actinomycetes with the morphology
and diseases they cause?
A. Actinomadura
B. Saprophytes
C. Streptomyces
D. Streptococcus
C. Streptomyces
Colonies of Bacillus anthracis are described as
A. Curschmann's spiral.
B. Mickey Mouse ears.
C. Medusa's heads.
D. flower like.
C. Medusa's heads.

A chronic, granulomatous infection of subcutaneous tissues, which is

caused by aerobic actinomycetes resulting in tissue swelling and
draining sinus tracts, is referred to as:
A. actinomycetoma.
B. infectious granulomas.
C. lymphocytoma.
D. Actinomadura.
A. actinomycetoma.

Why is it important to differentiate infections with Nocardia spp. in

pulmonary infections?
A. Antifungal agents do not kill these organisms.
B These organisms are resistant to penicillin.
C. These organisms are susceptible to sulfonamides.
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.

What organisms are considered obligate intracellular parasites

Chlamydia

What organism's unique life cycle contains an elementary body and a

reticulate body
Chlamydia
What has an outer membrane similar to that of many gram-negative
bacteria, with the most prominent feature being the major outer
membrane protein
EB (elementary body)

Chlamydia trachomatis is the infectious agent in all the following

conditions in humans EXCEPT
Pharyngitis

What disease, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is considered a

sexually transmitted disease where the organisms enter the lymph nodes
near the genital tract, resulting in bubo formation and ultimately
rupturing the lymph node
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

All of the following are urogenital infections in men, produced by

Chlamydia trachomatis, EXCEPT
Orchitis

A young man goes to his doctor complaining of a discharge from his

penis. The doctor collects a slide for Gram stain and a swab for culture
and sends them to the laboratory. The Gram stain is prepared and read: >
25 wbc/hpf, no bacteria seen. The culture results after 48 hours show no
growth. What is the most probable diagnosis and the organism
responsible
Chlamydia trachomatis

**no bac/no growth

Chlamydia trachomatis produces all the following conditions in adult

women EXCEPT
Bacterial vaginosis

Infants can contract all the following chlamydial infections when

passing through the birth canal EXCEP
Endocarditis

What method is used to confirm a positive Chlamydia trachomatis

enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

Why are antibody detection methods for Chlamydia trachomatis

infection severely limited in the knowledge they provide the physician
Many people have antibodies from previous infections, and local
infections do not cause great increases in antibody levels.

What testing method is the method of choice for detecting antibodies to

Chlamydia pneumoniae
serologic test (micro-IF assay)

What disease does Chlamydia psittaci cause in humans

ornithosis or parrot fever

How is infection by Chlamydia psittaci determined in humans

serologic evaluation

What organism causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever

R. rickettsii

What organism causes endemic typhus

Rickettsia typhi
What organism causes epidemic louse-borne typhus
Rickettsia prowazekii

Which species are associated with infections in humans

Haemophilus influenza
H. aegyptius
H. ducreyi
All of the above

A microbiologist is reading a sputum culture when she notices tiny,

translucent colonies growing closely around a b-hemolytic colony on
sheep blood agar (SBA). In fact, the colonies are growing in the area
where the blood has been hemolyzed. What is the probable identity of
the organism that is growing closely to the b-hemolytic organism, and
why are they growing in the hemolyzed area
Specifically H. influenze

Which one of the virulence factors associated with Haemophilus spp.

plays the most significant role in the invasiveness of the organism?
Capsule

A mother brings her lethargic, feverish baby into the emergency

department. The baby is diagnosed with meningitis and the doctor does a
spinal tap. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Gram stain shows many tiny
gram-negative rods. What is the most probably identification of this
organism
Haemophilus influenzae serotype b

What is the name of the disease that is characterized by rapid onset,

acute inflammation, and intense edema that may cause complete airway
obstruction in 2- to 4-year-olds
Epiglottis

What organism causes Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF)

Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (Hae)

What medium will sustain the growth of most Haemophilus spp.

Chocolate agar

A microbiologist is reading a sputum culture and notices that there is no

growth on the sheep blood and MacConkey agars, but there is growth on
the chocolate plate. The colonies on the plate are translucent, moist,
smooth, and convex, with a mousy odor. What is the most likely
identification of the organism
H. influenzae

Which species of Haemophilus requires both X and V factors

H. influenzae

The HACEK group includes

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella sp

What organisms often are involved in septicemia in the

granulocytopenic patient
Capnocytophaga

What organism is likely to cause an infection after a cat bite

Pasteurella spp
What is the most frequently isolated Pasteurella species
P. multocida

What are the names of the two diseases caused by Legionella species
Legionnaire's disease and Pontiac fever

What organism produces a community-acquired pneumonia, with

symptoms different than a Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia,
leading to the designation of atypical pneumonia
Legionella pneumophila

What medium is used to isolate Legionella

BCYE

All of the following are rapid methods used to definitively identify

Legionella species EXCEPT
Indirect immunofluorescence

What organism causes the disease called whooping cough

Bordetella pertussis

What two agars are used to isolate Bordetella species

Charcoal Agar and Bordet-Gengou

How is Bordetella disease spread

Respiratory droplet

What is the specimen of choice for Bordetella species

Nasopharyngeal swabs