Yangon University of Education

Department of Physics
Second Semester Examination
Fifth Year Phy 5002

Chapter I
I. Is the following statement True or False?
1. The atomic number of the nuclide indicates the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
(a) True (b) False*
2. Isobars are nuclei with the same atomic number but different mass number.
(a) True (b) False*
3. All atomic nuclei are made up of nucleons.
(a) True* (b) False
4. Nuclides having the magic numbers of protons or neutrons are most stable.
(a) True (b) False*
5. Light nuclei that decay spontaneously with the accompanying emission of particles or
radiation.
(a) True (b) False*
6. Nuclear forces are charge dependent.
(a) True (b) False*
7. Isotones are nuclei with the same neutron number.
(a) True* (b) False
8. The orbital angular momentum is called nuclear spin.
(a) True (b) False*
9. According to the shell model, the nucleons are grouped in shells in the nucleus.
(a) True* (b) False
10. Shell model combines the best features of the liquid drop model and the collective model.
(a) True (b) False*

II. Choose the correct answer.

1. The mass number of the nuclide is the total number of protons and ---------- in the
nucleus.
(a) protons (b) neutrons* (c) electrons
2. ----------- cannot be present inside the nucleus.
(a) Neutrons (b) Protons (c) Electrons* 3. The number of neutrons in
the nucleus of .
(a) 92 (b) 238 (c) 146*
4. Proton is about ---------- times more masses than an electron.
(a) 1640 (b) 1840* (c) 1900
5. The nuclei are three -------------.
(a) isomers (b) isobars* (c) isotopes
6. The shape of nucleus is substantially--------------.
(a) oblate (b) prolate (c) spherical*
7. Choose the mirror nuclei.
(a) 146𝐶, 157𝑁 (b) 𝟏𝟑𝟔𝑪, 𝟏𝟑𝟕𝑵 * (c) 158𝑂, 168𝑂

8. The nuclear force vanishes at distances greater than a few times

(a) 10-15 cm (b) 10-14cm (c) 10-13 cm*
9. ------------forces are strongest known forces in nature.
(a) Coulomb’s (b) Nuclear* (c) Gravitational
10. The phenomenon of nuclear fission can be explained on the -------- model of the
nucleus.
(a) collective (b) shell (c) liquid drop model*
 Chapter II
I. Is the following statement True or False?
1. Natural radioactivity occurs in light elements in nature.
(a) True (b) False*
2. Beta-particles are negatively charged.
(a) True* (b) False
3. The wavelength of gamma-rays is longer than that of visible light.
(a) True (b) False*
4. The charge is not conserved in artificial nuclear reaction.
(a) True (b) False*
5. Cosmic rays are some kind of penetrating waves or particles from outer space
(a) True* (b) False
6. Heavy nuclei have greatest binding energy per nucleon and they are stable.
(a) True (b) False*
7. Carbon-14 dating can be used to determine the age of all living things.
(a) True (b) False*
8. A process where the nucleus of an atom is split into two or more smaller nuclei, is called
nuclear fission.
(a) True* (b) False
9. Nuclear fusion involves the combining of several small nuclei into one large nucleus.
(a) True* (b) False
10. Nuclear fissions are occurring at the surfaces of sun and star.
(a) True* (b) False
II. Choose the correct answer.

1. Radioactivity is spontaneous emission of particles or energy from -----------as it

disintegrates.

(a) an atom (b) a molecule (c) a nucleus*

2. Alpha-particles were ------- nuclei.

(a) hydrogen (b) helium* (c) beryllium

3. Gamma rays are ------------.

(a) charged particles (b) deflected by magnetic field (c) electromagnetic waves*

4. 2He4 + 7N14→8O17 + 1H1. The given reaction can be called ------- reaction.

(a) (α, p)* (b) (p, α) (c) (α, n)

5. 13 Al27 + on1 → 11Na24 + --------.

(a) 2He4* (b) 1H1 (c) 0γ0

6. When a radioactive atom emits ------------, the atomic number is reduced by 2 and the
mass number reduced by 4.

(a) a neutron (b) an alpha-particle* (c) a beta-particle

7. At least ----------- energy is needed to occur nuclear fusion.

(a) 0.14 k eV (b) 0.41 MeV (c) 0.14 MeV*

8. A high-temperature gas of positive and negative charged particles in a gas is called

a------

(a) plasma* (b) Plasmon (c) phonon

9. If the atomic masses of 12C = 12 amu and He = 4.0026 amu, the energy required in joules
to break 12C into 3 -particles is ------------.

(a) 1.61× 10−12J (b) 1.16× 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐J* (c) 1.61× 10−2J

10. A piece of wood was found to have 14C/12C ratio 0.6 times that in a living plant. The time
period when the plant died is -------------. (Half-life of 14C = 5760 yr)
(a) A. 2770 yr B. 2966 yr C. 4246 yr*

Chapter III
I. Is the following statement True or False?
1. A sheet of aluminum or plastic is need to stop betas.
(a)True* (b) False
2. Kerma is the initial kinetic energy of the primary ionizing particles produced by the
interaction of the incident radiation per unit mass of air.
(a) True (b) False*

3. Nuclear radiation are ionizing radiation.

(a) True* (b) False

4. Reducing half of the distance, increases the exposure by a factor of two.

(a) True (b) False*

5. A film badge dosimeter can be used for measuring gamma-rays, X-rays and β-particles.

(a) True* (b) False

II. Choose the correct answer.
1. ------------ is the amount of energy deposited per unit mass of the material.
(a) Absorbed Dose* (b) Exposure (c) Equivalent Dose
2. The thickness of material required to reduce the X-ray beam intensity to one-half is called
------------.
(a) tenth value layer (b) half value layer* (c) Equivalent Dose
3. ------------- is the least penetration radiation.
(a) Gamma (b) Beta (c) Alpha*
4. At low photon energies, (< 30 keV effective) ---------- dominates the attenuation
processes.
(a) photoelectric interaction* (b) compton scattering (c) pair production
5. The SI unit of absorbed radiation dose is ----------.
(a) Gray* (b) Sievert (c) Roentgen
6. There are ------- main routes of exposure or exposure pathway.
(a) two (b) three* (c) four
7. -------- can travel long distance.
(a) Alpha-particles (b) Beta-particles (c) Gamma-rays*
8. For gamma shielding ---------- can be used.
(a) lead* (b) paper (c) plastic

9. In the detector of ---------- dosimeter, the amount of light emitted is dependent upon the
radiation exposure.

(a) thermoluminescent * (b) film badge (c) quartz fiber

10. If the absorption coefficient of the high energy component of cosmic radiation is
2.5 10-3 per meter water, the reduction in intensity of these cosmic rays at the bottom of
the ocean, at the depth of 10,000 m is --------.

(a) 1.39 10-10 (b) 1.39 10-11 * (c) 1.39 10-13