FLUID TRANSPORT

EQUIPMENT
Michael Chris Keanu S. Espina

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Mechanical Engineering

MEng 156 – Manufacturing and Industrial Processes

Engineering Report No. 2
Second Semester, A.Y. 2020 – 2021

Date
I. Introduction
(What to input)
The Introduction tells the reader what the report is about. It sets the project or report in its wider context,
and provides the background information the reader needs to understand the report.

The Introduction:
 introduces the topic of the report in context
 explains the problem and/or motivation for the project or report
 states the aim/s of the project or report
 indicates the purpose of the report
 briefly outlines the report structure

II. Body of the Report

1. Pumps
Pumps are mechanical devices that are used to transport gases, liquids, or slurries. A pump is
responsible for the pressure difference by moving liquids or gases from a lower to a higher pressure.
Dynamic and Positive Displacement pumps are the two types of pumps available, and some pumps from
both categories are mentioned below.

pumps

dynamic Positive
displacem
ent

Special
centrifugal
effect Rotary Reciprocating

Single Piston
Axial flow Jet rotor plunger

Mixed flow

Electromagnetic Multiple Diaphragm

Peripheral Rotor

 Dynamic Pump
Rotodynamic pumps (or dynamic pumps) are a type of velocity pump in which kinetic energy is added
to the fluid by increasing the flow velocity. This increase in energy is converted to a gain in potential energy
(pressure) when the velocity is reduced prior to or as the flow exits the pump into the discharge pipe.

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  Centrifugal Pump
Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the
hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric
motor.

https://www.introtopumps.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Volute-Pump-Assembly.png

 Special Effect pump

They are generally used for water pumps as the vanes totally enclose the water. This prevents the water
from moving from the delivery side to the suction side, which would reduce the pump efficiency.

 Positive Displacement Pump

A positive displacement (PD) pump moves a fluid by repeatedly enclosing a fixed volume and moving it
mechanically through the system. The pumping action is cyclic and can be driven by pistons, screws,
gears, rollers, diaphragms or vanes.

 Reciprocating Positive Displacement Pump

A Reciprocating Positive Displacement pump works by the repeated back-and-forth movement (strokes)
of either a piston, plunger or diaphragm. These cycles are called reciprocation.

http://marineengineeringonline.com/wordpress/wp-
content/uploads/2014/04/reciprocating_piston_pump.jpg
 Rotary Positive Displacement Pump
Instead of the backwards and forwards motion of reciprocating motors, fluids are transferred using
revolving cogs or gears. The revolving part induces suction at the pump inlet by forming a liquid seal with
the pump casing. Fluid is drawn towards the pump and encased in the teeth of the spinning gears before
being discharged. Pumps under this category are single rotor pumps and multiple rotor pumps.

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 http://marineengineeringonline.com/wordpress/wp-
content/uploads/2014/04/gear_pump_positive_displacement_large.jpg

2. Valves
A valve is a device or natural object that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid by opening,
closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically fittings, but are usually
discussed as a separate category.

TYPES OF VALVES
 Gate Valve
a valve that operates by removing a barrier from the fluid's course. When completely opened, gate
valves take up very little space along the pipe axis and hardly limit fluid flow.

https://cdn.thomasnet.com/insights-images/embedded-images/30901330-04cb-4329-af67-60198569017e/e03d239a-f4bb-
4d3c-ac83-20eb55ee71cb/FullHD/shutterstock_1046395441-min.jpg

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  Butterfly Valve
A butterfly valve is a type of valve that controls or isolates fluid flow. A rotating disk serves as the
sealing function

https://www.mesongroup.com/media/catalog/product/cache/c687aa7517cf01e65c009f6943c2b1e9/
M/3/M34208.jpg

 Relief Valve
Is a safety valve used to regulate the pressure in a system to prevent device failure due to pressure
build up. It is also known as Pressure Relief Valve.

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/ScYP6Bs5sjxvydZSQXO8narLbc6yqlohh51x7d4_D08Ed45
BpSZy7n5qwTmUOEuJ01c-iyAZNZ2iDD3LisE5bK3AOVA

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  Check Valve
is a valve that generally only enables one way passage of fluid (liquid or gas). Two-port valves
such as check valves have two openings in the body, one for fluid to go in and one for fluid to
exit.

https://en.siovalve.com/product-category/check-valves/

 Ball Valve
is a form of quarter-turn valve that controls flow through a hollow, perforated, and pivoting ball. They
can throttle gases and vapors, making them particularly effective in low-flow conditions.

https://tameson.com/gate-valve-vs-ball-valve.html

3. Piping
Piping is an arrangement of piping components used to move process fluid from one machine to
another in a process facility. Piping is a pipe interconnection system that includes in-line components such
as pipe fittings and flanges. The physical state of piping varies from one point to the next, allowing the
original configuration of a piping system to be determined. With the aid of standard piping codes, which
may assist in the selection of suitable content, the materials used to make pipes must be appropriate for
the piping system's working conditions.
The following are the main components of a piping system:
 Pipe
A pipe is a hollow tube with a circular plate used to transport fluid (liquid or gases).

https://www.appmfg.com/hubfs/what-is-the-difference-between-tubes-pipes-hoses.png

 Pipe Fittings
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 Pipe fittings are devices that are connected to the end of pipes that enable them to change position,
regulate flow, and change diameter.

https://cdn.thomasnet.com/insights-images/embedded-images/8b79440b-9306-4a99-88f1-
c7aaf57c4434/2731a5d5-6cda-4679-9a68-75ee0e457578/FullHD/assortment-of-pipe-fittings,-tees,-
end-caps.jpg
 Valves
A valve is a mechanical or natural mechanism that monitors, directs, or controls the flow of the fluid
by open, closing, or partially blocking different pathways.

https://4.imimg.com/data4/TE/PL/MY-705368/industrial-valves-500x500.jpg
 Flanges
A flange is a piece of equipment that connects wires, valves, pumps, and other pieces of equipment
to form a piping structure. It also makes washing, inspection, and alteration easy.

https://www.steelavailable.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/copper-nickel-flanges.jpg

 Gaskets
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 is a seal that covers the distance between two or more contact area, preventing leaks from or into
the coupled structures as they are compressed.

https://i0.wp.com/www.theprocesspiping.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Common-gaskets-types-
and-materials.jpg?fit=1280%2C791&ssl=1
 Bolted Joints
Bolted joints are a standard feature of both for construction of building and machine designing. They
are made up of fasteners that catch and connect other pieces and are protected by screw threads
that match.

III. Conclusions and Recommendations

IV. References

Submitted file should be:

 At most 2 – 4 pages.
 In PDF file.
 In file name format: ER plus Engineering report number_Given name initial plus
Family name. Example, ER1_CBilocura

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