SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT)

Subject: Statistics and Probability Grade Level: 11 Quarter: 3 Week: 7

MELC COMPETENCY CODE
1. Illustrate the t-distribution (M11-12SP-IIIg2)
2. Identify the percentile using the t-table (M11-12SP-IIIg5)

Name: ________________________________ Section: _____________Date: _________

School: _________________________________ District: ___________________________
A. Readings/ Discussion

Percentile and the T-Distribution

In this lesson, you will explore and understand the student’s t-distribution and identify the
percentiles using the t-tables.

The t-distribution (also called Student’s t-distribution) is a family of

distributions that look almost identical to the normal distribution curve, only a bit
shorter and stouter. The t-distribution is used instead of the normal distribution
when you have small samples. The larger the sample size, the more the t distribution
looks like the normal distribution. In fact, for sample sizes larger than 20 (e.g. more
degrees of freedom), the distribution is almost exactly like the normal distribution.
The t-distribution is similar to a normal distribution. It has a precise
mathematical definition. Instead of diving into complex math, let’s look at the useful
properties of the t-distribution and why it is important in analysis of any set of
statistical quantitative data.

 Like the normal distribution, the t-distribution has a smooth shape.

 Like the normal distribution, the t-distribution is symmetric. If you think about
folding it in half at the mean, each side will be the same.
 Like a standard normal distribution (or z-distribution), the t-distribution has a
mean of zero.
 The normal distribution assumes that the population standard deviation is known.
The t-distribution does not make this assumption.
 The t-distribution is defined by the degrees of freedom. These are related to the
sample size.

1
 The t-distribution is most useful for small sample sizes, when the population
standard deviation is not known, or both.
 As the sample size increases, the t-distribution becomes more similar to a normal
distribution.

Using the t-table, shown on the next page we can be able to identify the t value of a
certain data.

Let us be familiar first with the following words:

1. Degree of freedom - This refers to the maximum number of logically
independent values which vary in the data sample.
2. Percentile – This is a measure of position with data divided into 100 parts.
Below is the t-table which you can use to find the t-value

Illustrative example:
1. Identify the t-value whose number of samples n = 7 and has an area (a) equal to 0.05.
2
2. Find the t-value whose degree of freedom is 20 and has a = 0.01.
3. Identify the t-value of the following percentiles given the number of samples.
a. 95th percentile , N= 30
b. 90th percentile, N=20
Solution:
1. To identify the t-value, identify first the degree of freedom using the formula
df= n-1 where n is the sample size.
df = n-1
df = 7-1
df = 6

Locate the t-value on the t-table using the degree of freedom and the area (a)

Therefore, the t-value with sample size of 7 and has a = 0.05 is 1.943.
2. Since the degree of freedom and are already given locate the t-value on the t-table.

Therefore the t-value is 2.528.

3
3. a. The 95th percentile is the number where 95% of the values lie below it and 5% lie above it,
so you want the right-tail area to be 0.05. Move across the row, find the column for 0.05, and
then locate the t-value using n=30 or df = 29.

So therefore, the t-value of P95 with n= 30 is 1.699.

b. The 90th percentile is the number where 90% of the values lie below it
and 10% lie above it, so you want the right-tail area to be 0.01. Move across
the row, find the column for 0.05, and then locate the t-value using n=20 or
df = 19.

4
Therefore, the t-value of 90th percentile with n= 20 is 1.328

Exercise 1
Complete the table below by identifying the degree of freedom, right-tailed
area and the t-value for each percentiles and the sample size.

Exercise 2
Rowena wants to test a randomly selected 20 students for her study.
Identify the t-value of the following percentiles.
1. 75th percentile
2. 5th percentile
3. 60th percentile

5
4. 40th percentile
5. 90th percentile

Assessment
A. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristics of t-distribution?
A. Like the normal distribution, the t-distribution has a smooth shape.
B. Like the normal distribution, the t-distribution is symmetric. If you
think about folding it in half at the mean, each side will be the same.
C. Like a standard normal distribution (or z-distribution), the t
distribution has a mean of one.
D. The normal distribution assumes that the population standard
deviation is known. The t-distribution does not make this assumption.2. This refers to the
measure of position with data divided into 100 parts.
A. Percentiles
B. Quartiles
C. Deciles
D. Median
3. This refers to the maximum number of logically independent values, which
vary in the data sample.
A. Level of significance
B. Percentiles
C. Degree of freedom
D. Probability
4. What is the right-tailed area if the confidence interval is 75%?
A. 0.05
B. 0.10
C. 0.005
D. 0.25
5. What will be the degree of freedom of the data whose sample size is 18?
A. 17
B. 18
C. 19
D. 20
For number 6 to 8, use the given data below to answer the following questions.
6
There are 9 students who will be taking up the test, the researcher sets the level of
significance to 0.05. The following are the scores of the nine students:
23, 25, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 40, 45
6. What will be the t-value of the given problem?
A. 1.729
B. 1.456
C. 1.612
D. 1.551
7. What will be the value of 25th percentile?
A. 25
B. 26
C. 27
D. 28
1314
8. Using the t-table, give the t-value of 95th percentile?
A. 1.729
B. 1.456
C. 1.612
D. 1.551
9. What will be the degree of freedom whose t-value is 0.689?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
10.Find the t-value of 2.5th percentile using the t-table with a degree of freedom
of 6.
A. 2.570
B. 4.030
C. -2.570
D. -4.030
II. For numbers 11-15, fill out the table below.

7
Key Exercise 1

Key Exercise 1