ABES ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Department of Civil Engineering

FINAL YEAR PROJECT (NCE-753)
Investigation on the strength properties of hybrid
fibre reinforced Geopolymer Concrete

PRESENTED BY-
Dhairya Mittal 2016BCE1020
Atul Saraswat 2016BCE1116
Khushboo Lodhi 2016BCE1048
Isha Garg 2016BCE1007
Arpit Agrawal 2016BCE1022
Ankit Yadav 2016BCE1021
PROJECT GUIDE- Mr. UZAIR KHAN , Assistant Professor
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• APPLICATIONS
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• OBJECTIVE
• EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
• CHEMICALS AND MATERIALS USED
• MIX DESIGN RATIO
• TESTS TO BE PERFORMED
• REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION
• Geopolymer concrete is an innovative material that is
characterized by long chains networks of inorganic molecules.

• It is a potential alternative to conventional Portland cement

concrete.

• Use of geopolymer concrete reduces the demand of portland

cement which is responsible for high CO2 emission.

• Fibre reinforced GPC is relatively a new composite material

where fibres are added in the matrix as micro reinforcement so as
to improve the strength properties.
• Strength of GPC can be improved by adding many different
fibres such as steel, glass , Polypropylene and Natural fibres.

• Steel fibres help in increasing the strength and workability of

GPC.

• Glass fibres increase the compressive and flexural strength.

• Polypropylene fibres prevent crack formation and provide

reinforcement to the concrete structure.

• Natural fibres (cotton, sisal, raffia and coir) increase the

flexural strength but decrease the compressive strength.
• GPC is a type of concrete that is made by reacting aluminate
and silicate bearing materials with a caustic activator.

• GPCis made from utilisation of waste materials such as fly ash

and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS).

• Fly ash is the waste product generated from thermal power

plant and GGBS is generated as waste material in steel plant.

• On adding 1% steel fibres in geopolymer concrete, increases

its compressive strength by 5% as compared to that of
conventional concrete.
• Addition of glass fibres by 0.025% by volume increase the
flexural and split tensile strengths.

• Addition of polypropylene fibres of 20mm by 1.5% volume

increases the compressive , flexural and split strength by
8.483%,19.250% and 12.259% respectively .

• Adding a substantial percentage (up to 60-70%) of fly ash to

the mixture increases the initial workability and strength of
the GPC.

• The use of GPC helps to reduce the stock of wastes and also
reduces carbon emission by reducing Portland cement demand.
 GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
• Geopolymer was the name given by Davidovits in 1978 to
materials which are characterized by chains or networks or
inorganic molecules.

• GPC is made from utilization of waste materials such as fly

ash and GGBS.

• Compressive strength of geopolymer concrete have been

found up to 70 MPa.

• The concrete strength after 24 hours have been found to be

more than 25 MPa. Compressive strength after 28 days have
been found to be 60 to 70 MPa.
 COMPOSITION OF GEOPOLYMER
CONCRETE
• Fly ash – A byproduct of thermal power plant.
• GGBS – A byproduct of steel plant.
• Fine aggregates and coarse aggregates.
• Alkaline activator solution.
Alkaline activator solution:-Catalytic liquid system is used as
alkaline activator solution. It is a combination of solutions of
alkali silicates and hydroxides, besides distilled water. The role of
alkaline activator solution is to activate the Geopolymeric source
materials containing Si and Al such as fly ash and GGBS.
 ADAVANTAGES

• It is a newer that is making traditional concrete look not so

spectacular.

• It has a high compressive strength.

• It also has rapid strength gain and cures very quickly, making
it an excellent option for quick builds.

• GPC has high tensile strength. It is less brittle than Portland

concrete and can withstand more movement.

• GPC does not hydrate and it is not as permeable.

• The creep of GPC is very low .
• It has the ability to stay stable even at temperatures of
more than 2200 degrees Fahrenheit.
• GPC is resistant to freezing.
• It has a very strong chemical resistance.
• Corrosion resistance.
 DISADVANTAGES
• GPC needs higher temperature curing. Ambient temperature
cured GPC has quite lower strength and durability.

• Efflorescence is also big problem for GPC.

• Cost of production, construction problems, mix design

complexity.

• Standard mix design for GPC is not available.

• Difficult to predict the strength of GPC as partial size

distribution of fly ash is not consistent.
.
• It requires special handling
 APPLICATIONS
• Used for construction of pavements, retaining walls, water
tanks, precast bridge decks .

• Recently world’s first building Structural Building, The

University of Queensland’s Global Change Institute (GCI) has
been constructed with the use of geopolymer concrete.

• Its main application is it reduces the content of CO2 by

replacing cement by GPC which act as binding material and
prevents adverse effect on environment.

• GPC is used making Steel Reinforced Concrete pipes.

• Slabs and footings in housing and commercial construction .

• Used in library building which utilize precast panels.

• Fire proof , heat resistant composites .

• Used for storage of toxic and radioactive wastes.

 EFFECT OF FIBRES ON GPC
AUTHOR, YEAR PARAMETERS BRIEF FINDINGS
INVESTIGATED,
RANGE
Ronad et al.(2016) Basalt fibres • On mixing 2% BASALT Fibre in GPC,
Compressive Strength Increase by
Tensile strength, 34.74% & Tensile Strength by 47.5%.
Compressive • BASALT Fibre helps in preventing sudden
strength failure of Structure.

Arunagiri et Basalt fibres • Maximum Compressive & Tensile

al.(2017) Strength of GPC can obtained by adding
Compressive 2% of BASALT Fibre.
strength, Tensile • Basalt Fibre prevent from sudden failure
strength of Structure.
• Basalt Fibre have No Toxic Reaction with
Air, Water & Alkaline Solution.
AUTHOR, YEAR PARAMETERS BRIEF FINDINGS
INVESTIGATED,
RANGE

Kumutha et al. Basalt fibres • Effect of basalt fibre in the mix

(2017) • optimum content of basalt fibres in the mix is 2%.
Compressive • Basalt fibre content increases flexural strength of
strength, Flexural GPC.
Strength • increase in flexural strength of about 35%, 87%,
117% & 139% when basalt fibre is increased from
0.5% to 3%.
 EFFECT OF HYBRID FIBRES ON GPC
AUTHOR, YEAR PARAMETERS BRIEF FINDINGS
INVESTIGATED,
RANGE
Damu et Steel fibres, • 0.25% volume steel fibres & 0.25% volume
al.(2015) Polypropylene polypropylene fibres increase-
fibres -compressive strength 11%.
-splitting tensile strength 14% .
Compressive -flexural strength 13%.
strength, • Super Plasticizer was used for improving the
splitting tensile workability.
strength,
flexural strength
Adik et al.(2016) Steel Fibres, • Water to Geopolymer solids ratio & curing is main
Glass Fibres parameter governing the strength of Geopolymer
concrete mix.
Compressive • Final setting time for Geopolymer concrete is quite
strength long
• Steel & Glass Fibre are used to improve the Strength.
• Common Super-Plasticizers used in cement concrete
are not as effective for Geopolymer concrete.
 EFFECT ON GPC BY ADDING OTHER
MATERIALS
AUTHOR, PARAMETERS BRIEF FINDINGS
YEAR INVESTIGATED,
RANGE

Raut et al. Fly Ash, GGBS • fly ash &GGBS are added to increase the strength
(2019) • To resist corrosive and chemical attack 12mm basalt fibre
Compressive is added to arrest crack in concrete, hence increasing
Strength strength by 60-110%. It is found that for 90% fly ash and
10% GGBS, 0.2% is responsible for high strength.

Senthil et RCA • The replacement of the Recycle Concrete Aggregate

al. 2019) (RCA) helps in improving the mechanical properties of
Tensile strength, Geopolymer Concrete.
Flexural strength • Replacement of 10% RCA gives Highest compressive
strength , improvement in Split Tensile Strength &
Flexural Strength.
 OBJECTIVE
• To study the properties of GPC reinforced with steel and
basalt.
• To study the results of test performed such as compressive
strength, flexural strength, etc. at the ages of 7 and 28 days on
GPRC.
• To compare test results of GPRC with that of normal concrete.
• To find out the optimum proportion of steel and basalt fibres
for GPRC.
 CHEMICALS & MATERIALS USED
▪ Fine aggregate - sand or bottom ash can be used.

▪ Coarse Aggregate- gravels and crushed stones

▪ Admixture – super plasticizers (naphthalene based or

naphthalene sulphonate based).

▪ Alkaline activators -Alkaline activation is a process of

mixing powdery.

▪ Alumina silicate with an alkaline activator-It produce a

paste which sets and hardens within short duration.
 CHEMICALS & MATERIALS USED
▪ Sodium hydroxide - dissolved in water to form a semi-
solid paste makes crystalline product which is stable in
aggressive environment.

▪ Sodium silicate (water glass)- available in gel form for

good pozzolanic reaction it is mixed with NaOH.

▪ Fly ash - combustion by-product of coal in coal fired

power plants.
 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

CUBE MIX BASALT (%) STEEL (%)

CUBE 1 Plain mix 0 0

CUBE 2 HFRGPC 1 2 0.5

CUBE 3 HFRGPC 2 2 1

CUBE 4 HFRGPC 3 2 1.5

CUBE 5 HFRGPC 4 2 2

As we have concluded from some papers:-

•BASALT gives maximum strength when added 2% by weight
ratio.
•The ratio of steel fiber of 1% by weight gives maximum
strength.
 MIX DESIGN
FLY GGBS BASAL STEEL FA CA SODIUM SODIUM SUPER DENSITY
ASH (Kg) T FIBRES (Kg) (Kg) SILICATE HYDROXIDE PLASTICIZER (Kg/m3)
(Kg) FIBRES (Kg) (Kg) (Kg) (Kg)
(Kg)
CUBE 1 .8268 .5501 0 0 1.869 4.367 .3476 .1380 .0202 2459.25

CUBE 2 .8268 .5501 .0275 .0068 1.869 4.367 .3476 .1380 .0202 2471.11

CUBE 3 .8268 .5501 .0275 .0137 1.869 4.367 .3476 .1380 .0202 2471.46

CUBE 4 .8268 .5501 .0275 .02065 1.869 4.367 .3476 .1380 .0202 2473.51

CUBE 5 .8268 .5501 .0275 .0275 1.869 4.367 .3476 .1380 .0202 2475.55

**Volume of the cube = (15x15x15)cm3

 TESTS TO BE PERFORMED

1.Compressive strength
2.Flexural strength
3.Tensile strength
4.Ultra sonic pulse velocity
5.Rebound hammer
 REFERENCES
❑ Kumutha et al., Experimental Investigation On Properties Of
Basalt Fibre Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete, 14, 105-109,
2017.
❑ Raut et al., Strength Of Geopolymer Concrete Reinforced With
Basalt, 6, 3811-3817, 2019.
❑ Ronad et al., Study Of Mechanical Properties Of Geopolymer
Concrete Reinforced With Basalt Fibre, 5, 474-478, 2016.
❑ Arunagiri et al., Mechanical Properties Of Basalt Fibre Based
Geopolymer Concrete, 6, 551-556, 2017.
❑ Damu et al., Strength Studies On Geopolymer Concrete Using
Steel And Polypropylene Fibres, 10, 14088-14092, 2015
❑ Senthil et al., Studies On Mechanical Properties Of
Geopolymer Concrete Using Recycled Concrete Aggregate,
(2019).
❑ Adik et al., Effect Of Fibres On Mechanical Properties Of
Geopolymer Concrete, 2, 745-751, 2016.
❑ Anil Ronad, V. B. Karikattl, S. S. Dyavanal, A Study On
Mechanical Properties Of GPC Reinforced With Basalt
Fibres, 5, 474-478, 2016.
❑ A. Suriya Prakash, G. Senthil Kumar, Experimentral Study
On GPC Using Steel Fibres, 21, 396-399, 2015.
THANK YOU