BS - II

WASTE
MANAGEMENT
(HOSPITAL)
SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO :
PIYUSH VERMA AR. MADHURA HANJI
SHARIQUE SHEIK
SANSKAR MITTAL
INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION :

◦ HOSPITAL WASTE ARE THE WASTE PRODUCED IN THE COURSE OF HEALTH CARE ACTIVITIES
DURING TREATING, DIAGNOSING, AND IMMUNIZING HUMAN BEING OR ANIMALS OR
WHILE DOING STUDY/RESEARCH ACTIVITIES.

◦ A COMMON BIO-MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY (CBWTF) IS USED FOR TREATMENT

AND DISPOSAL OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (BMW).

◦ 75-90% NON-HAZARDOUS/GENERAL WASTE.

◦ 10-15% -HAZARDOUS.
W.H.O CLASSIFICATION

WASTE CATEGORIES DESCRIPTION AND EXAMPLES

1. GENERAL WASTE : NO RISK TO HUMAN HEALTH. EG; OFFICE PAPER, WRAPPER, KITCHN WASTE,
GENERAL SWEEPING ETC.
2. PATHOLOGICAL WASTE : HUMAN TISSUE OR FLUID. EG ; BODY PARTS, BLOOD, BODY FLUIDS ETC.

3. SHARPS : SHARP WASTE. EG ; NEEDLES, SCAPLES, KNIVES, BLADES ETC.

4. INFECTIOUS WASTE : IT MAY TRANSMIT BACTERIAL, VIRAL OR PARASITICA DISEASE TO HUMANBEING,

WASTE SUSPECTED TO CONTAIN PATHOGEN. EG ; LABORATORY CULTURE,
BANDAGES, TISSUES ETC.
5. CHEMICAL WASTE : EG ; LABORATORY REAGENT, DISINFECTANTS, FILM DEVELOPERS.

6. RADIO-ACTIVE WASTE : EG ; UNUSED LIQUID FROM RADIOTHERAPY OR LAB RESEARCH, CONTAMINATED

GLASSWARES ETC.
7. PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE : EXPIRED OUTDATED CHEMICALS/DRUGS.

8. PRESSURIZED CONTAINER : GAS CYLINDER, AEROSAL CAN ETC.

9. GENOTOXIC : WASTE CONTAINING CYTOTOXIC DRUGS (USED IN CANCER THERAPY)

BIO MEDICAL WASTE 1% HEAVY METAL
3% PHARMACEUTICAL
& CHEMICAL 1% SHARPS

15 % PATHOLOGICAL
& INFECTIOUS WASTE

80% NON-INFECTIOUS WASTE

1st Qtr 2nd Qt r 3rd Qt r 4th Qtr 5th Qtr

SOURCE OF HOSPITAL WASTE

3% A&E 1% OPD
2% X-RAY’S

16% LABS

34% OTHER SMALL AREAS

COMBINED
1st Qtr

2nd Qt r

3rd Qt r 17% THEATRE

4th Qtr

5th Qtr
26% WARDS
6th Qtr

7th Qtr
WHO RECOMMENDED COLOR CODE

TYPE OF WASTE COLOR CODE

HIGHLY INFECTIOUS RED

INFECTIOUS, PATHOLOGICAL, ANATOMICAL YELLOW
SHARP YELLOW COLORED BOX
CHEMICAL, PHARMACEUTICALS BROWN
RADIOACTIVES SILVER
GENERAL WASTE BLACK
DIFFERENT TREATMENT OPTION FOR DIFFERENT CATEGORIES
OF BMW
COLOR CODING TYPES OF CONTAINER WASTE CATEGORY TREATMENT OPTION

YELLOW PLASTIC BAG HUMAN ANATOMICAL / INCINERATION

ANIMAL WASTE

RED DISINFECTED CONTAINER / MICROBIOLOGY & AUTOCLAVING /

PLASTIC BAG BIOTECHNOLOGY MICROWAVING / CHEMICAL
SOILED & SOLID WASTE TREATMENT

BLUE PLASTIC BAG / PUNCTURE WASTE SHARPS, SOLID AUTOCLAVING /

PROOF CONTAINER WASTE MICROWAVING / CHEMICAL
TREATMENT & SHREDDING

BLACK PLASTIC BAG DISCARDED MEDICINES DISPOSAL SECURED LANDFILL

& CYTOTOXIC DRUGS ,
INCINERATION ASH,
CHEMICAL WASTE
WASTE COLLECTION

◦ COLLECTORS MUST WEAR PROTECTIVE MATERIALS.

◦ COLLECTION OF WASTE IN COLORED BAG OR
COLORED COVERED BINS.
◦ CONTENT OF THE CONTAINER SHOULD NOT EXCEED
HERE QUARTER OF ITS CAPACITY.
◦ IF BAG IS USED FOR WASTE COLLECTION, TIE THE
NECK TIGHTLY.
◦ AVOID THROWING , DRAGGING OVER FLOOR OR
HOLDING THE BOTTOM OF THE CONTAINERS.
TREATMENT & DISPOSAL METHODS OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE

◦ INCINERATION

◦ AUTOCLAVING

◦ SHREDDING

◦ DISPOSAL OPTION
 INCINERATOR

◦ AN INCINERATOR IS A FURNACE FOR

BURNING WASTE. MANY PAPER AND
PULP MILLS INCORPORATE THEM INTO
THEIR POLLUTION MITIGATION
SYSTEMS. INCINERATION INVOLVES THE
HIGH-EFFICIENCY COMBUSTION OF
CERTAIN SOLID, LIQUID, OR GASEOUS
WASTES.

◦ COST : ₹ 70,37,000
◦ CAPACITY : 20 ㎏ / HOUR-40 ㎏ / HOUR

SOLID WASTE STORAGE PRIMARY CHAMBER SECONDARY CHAMBER RECYCLING

ANATOMICAL WASTE TREATMENT PROCESS

 AUTOCLAVING

◦ AUTOCLAVING IS A STERILIZATION
METHOD THAT USES HIGH-PRESSURE
STEAM.THE AUTOCLAVING PROCES
S WORKS BY THE CONCEPT THAT
THE BOILING POINT OF WATER (OR
STEAM) INCREASES WHEN IT IS
UNDER PRESSURE. HISTORY OF
THE AUTOCLAVE.
BOILER ROOM

SOLID WASTE STORAGE AUTOCLAVE ROOM

TRANSPORT FOR RECYCLING SHREDDER MACHINE AREA

SOLID WASTE TREATMENT PROCESS

 SHREDDING

◦ THE NON INFECTIOUS BIOMEDICAL WASTE SHREDDING

MACHINE IS USED TO DESTROY WASTE SUCH AS SYRINGES,
SCALPELS, GLASS VIALS, BLADES, PLASTICS, CATHETERS,
BROKEN AMPULES, INTRAVENOUS SETS/BOTTLES, BLOOD
BAGS, GLOVES, BANDAGES ETC.

SHREDDING IS A PROCESS BY WHICH WASTE IS DE SHAPED OR

CUT IN TO SMALLER PIECES, SO AS TO MAKE THE WASTE
UNRECOGNIZABLE. IT HELPS IN PREVENTION OF REUSE OF
NON INFECTIOUS BIOMEDICAL WASTE AND ALSO ACTS AS
IDENTIFIER THAT THE WASTE IS SAFE TO DEPOSE OFF.
◦ COST : ₹ 5,50,000
◦ CAPACITY : 1 – 500 ㎏ / HOUR
DISPOSAL OPTION

◦ INCINERATION ASH – SECURED LANDFILL.

◦ TREATED SOLID WASTE – MUNICIPAL LANDFILL.

◦ SHARPS AFTER DISINFECTION – MUNICIPAL LANDFILL.

◦ TREATED WASTE WATER – SEWER / DRAIN OR RECYCLING.

◦ OIL AND GREASE – INCENARATION.

CASE STUDY (LOK NAYAK JAI PRAKASH HOSPITAL, NEW DELHI)
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT PLANT
BMW TREATMENT SITE
HOSPITAL FLOOR
PLAN
CONCLUSION
◦ TH BIO-MEDICAL WASTE GENERATED FROM THE HOSPITALS AND ALL OTHER SOURCE WILL
BE TREATED WITHOUT POLLUTING THE ENVIRONMENT.

◦ IN WARANGAL 90% BMW IS TREATED BY THE INCINERATION PROCESS.

◦ ALL THE ABOVE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL PROCESS IS DONE WITHIN THE NORMS OF
CPCB GUIDELINES.

◦ THE REMAINING MATERIAL AFTER INCINERATION IS SAFELY DISPOSED ACCORDING TO

CPCB GUIDELINES.

◦ INCINERATION OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE IS ONE OF THE TECHNO-ECONOMICAL VIABLE

SCHEME, WHICH HAVE MANY ADVANTAGES SUCH AS SIGNIFICANT VOLUME
REDUCTION, WEIGHT REDUCTION AND ALSO ABILITY TO MANAGE MOST TYPE OF WASTES
WITH THE LITTLE PROCESSING BEFORE TREATMENT.