Research Proposal

Fuad Mohamed Berawi. (2021). Guidelines for writing a research proposal.
Sintok: Universiti Utara

Malaysia
SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS, FINANCE & BANKING
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS (COB)

ECONOMICS PROGRAM
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
TITLE : VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATION HELPS AND

CHARITIES TO THE HOMELESS AND THE
INDIGENT IN PETALING JAYA
COURSE : BEER3043 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
SESSION / SEMESTER : 2020-2021 / 2 (A202)
MATRIC NO. / NAME : 123456 ZULKIFLI BIN KAMARUDIN

: 246810 HALIZA BINTI MOHIDIN
: 136912 BAWADI BIN KASDIRAN
GROUP : D (1)
PRESENTATION LINK : https://youtu.be/jkzdjzscjys
LECTURER : FUAD BIN MOHAMED BERAWI

Fuad Mohamed Berawi. (2021). Guidelines for writing a research proposal. Sintok: Universiti Utara
Malaysia
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
The ‘Introduction’ section in Chapter 1 describes the issues and problems of the study
in general to orient the mind of the reader. This section is written starting from
general issues and problems leading to specific ones. For example, writing issues and
problems that occur at the world level before moving on to the domestic level. The
Introduction section will support the ‘Background of the Study’ section in the next
topic.
Table 1.1: Homeless people around the world.
Note: ‘Table title’ is written at the top of the table.
Country Year Total (number of people)
India 2003 78,000,000
Indonesia 2001 3,000,000
Europe 2010 3,000,000
USA 2008 1,370,000
Philippines 2008 1,200,000
Germany 2010 254,000
Australia 2003 100,000
Greece 2010 20,000
Brazil 2000 20,000
Source: Rafiza (2015).
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Table 1.2: List of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the Klang Valley.
No. List of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the Klang Valley
1. Asian Youth Ambassadors (AYA), Subang Jaya.
2. Assumption Soup Kitchen, Petaling Jaya.
3. Charity Right Malaysia, Petaling Jaya.
4. Dapur Jalanan Kuala Lumpur.
5. Empire Project, Kuala Lumpur.
6. Feeding The Needy, Kuala Lumpur.
7. Food Not Bombs Kuala Lumpur.
9. Grace Community Services Kuala Lumpur.
Source: Fuad & Rajakumari (2021).
Figure 1.1: Gender of respondents (percent).
Note: ‘Figure title’ is written at the bottom of the figure.
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Picture 1.1: Volunteers preparing the food.
Note: ‘Picture title’ is written at the bottom of the picture.
1.2 Background of the Study
This ‘Background of the Study’ section describes the topics, issues, and problems that
are directly related to the study conducted. This section will support the ‘Problem
Statement’ section in the next topic.
Example: If the title of the study or research is ‘Volunteer Organization Helps and
Charities to the Homeless and the Indigent in Petaling Jaya, then ‘Background of the
Study’ must also revolve around volunteer organizations, homeless people and the
indigent in the state or country where the research is conducted.
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1.3 Problem Statement
The ‘Problem Statement’ section lists issues and problems found in journals, books,
articles, newspapers and other materials related to the issues and problems being
studied. This section will support the ‘Research Questions’ in the next topic.
1.4 Research Questions
The ‘Research Questions’ section will list the ‘questions that arise’ in the ‘Problem
Statement’. This section will support and form the ‘Objectives of the Study’ (or
research objectives) in the next topic. Therefore, a list of what is being questioned in
the ‘Research Questions’ should be found in the ‘Problem Statement’ in a previous
topic. If the ‘Research Question’ contains three questions, then the ‘Objectives of the
Study’ should also contain three objectives.
1.5 Objectives of the Study
The Objective of the Study’ is the essence of the purpose of the study. The
‘Objectives of the Study’ section will list the ‘purpose’ of this study is to answer the
questions listed in the ‘Research Questions’.
1.5.1 General Objectives
The ‘General Objective’ aims to orient the reader’s mind on what to study. ‘General
Objectives’ are not measured by specific units of measure such as kilograms,
centimetres or number of people.
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1.5.2 Specific Objectives
‘Specific Objectives’ lists the purpose of this study conducted. If the ‘Research
Question’ contains three questions, then the ‘Specific Objectives’ should also contain
three objectives. These ‘Specific Objectives’ should contain a statement that can be
measured for example with a specific unit of measurement such as kilograms,
centimetres or number of people.
1. Objective 1.
2. Objective 2.
3. Objective 3.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The ‘Significance of the Study’ section contains general and specific significance (or
importance) of the study. It is directly related to the ‘Objectives of the Study’
The significance of the study in general;
 What are the reasons and significance of a study?
 What problems will arise if the study is not conducted?
 Which party will get the problem or benefit from the study?
Significance of the study in specific;
 What are the reasons and importance of Objective 1, Objective 2 and
Objective 3 carried out?
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 What problems will arise if Objective 1, Objective 2 and Objective 3 are not
carried out?
 Which party will get the problems or benefits from Objective 1, Objective 2
and Objective 3?
In higher education, such as at the Master’s degree or Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D)
level, the importance of research should also clearly state what is the specific
contribution of research in enhancing new academic knowledge.
1.7 Conclusion
The ‘Conclusion’ section in Chapter 1 contains a summary of Chapter 1 and a
summary of what will be discussed in the next Chapter 2.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
The ‘Introduction’ section in Chapter 2 describes in general terms the definitions,
concepts, theories and models with respect to research. This section aims to support
and strengthen the research as well as the basis for the construction of research
hypotheses.
Table 2.1: Number of homeless in Malaysia (2014-2016).
Year Total (number of people)
2014 1,469
2015 1,527
2016 2,278
Figure 2.1: Race of respondents (percent).
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Picture 2.1: Volunteers packing the food.
2.2 Research Concepts
The ‘Research Concepts’ section describes specifically the concepts as found in
journals, books or studies conducted by other researchers. Get three to seven research
concepts in the same field from other studies.
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2.3 Research Model
The ‘Research Model’ section specifically describes the model as found in journals,
books or studies conducted by other researchers. Get three to seven study models in
the same field from other studies.
2.4 Previous Studies
The ‘Previous Studies’ section specifically describes previous studies as found in
journals, books or research conducted by other authors or researchers.
The things that need to be written in the ‘Previous Study’ are;
 Name of researcher or author and year of the research or publication.
 Title and field of the research or publication.
 Problems and objectives of the research or publication.
 Research methodology and techniques used.
 Findings of the research or publication.
Get three to seven previous studies in the same field from other studies.
2.5 Differences with Previous Studies
The ‘Differences with Previous Studies’ section is written to differentiate the current
study from the study conducted by other researchers.
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2.6 Conclusion
The ‘Conclusion’ section in Chapter 2 summarizes Chapter 2 and a summary of what
will be discussed in Chapter 3.
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
The ‘Introduction’ section in Chapter 3 describes briefly the hypotheses, techniques,
methods and instruments that will be used in this study to achieve the ‘Objectives of
the Study’ listed in Chapter 1.
Table 3.1: Age of respondents (percent).
Age Percent
11 - 20 3.33
21 - 30 –
31 - 40 20.00
41 - 50 20.00
51 - 60 23.33
61 - 70 26.67
71 - 80 6.67
Total 100.00
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Figure 3.1: Country of origin of the respondent (percent).
Picture 3.1: The homeless are resting.
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3.2 Research Methodology
The ‘Research Methodology’ section briefly describes the techniques, methods and
instruments used in collecting, testing and analysing research information and data to
achieve the ‘Objectives of the Study’ listed in Chapter 1.
3.2.1 Research Hypothesis
The ‘Research Hypothesis’ section describes the initial assumptions proposed and
will be proven through the study that will be conducted to accept or reject the
findings of the study.
3.2.2 Research Techniques
The ‘Research Techniques’ section describes how information and data sources are
collected or obtained, methods of collection, as well as methods of analysing
information and data.
a. Sources of information and data
 Questionnaire format:
o Open-ended questionnaire.
o Closed-ended questionnaire.
o Combination of a closed-ended and an open-ended.
b. Methods of collecting information and data
 Interview:
o Face-to-face.
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o Not face-to-face.
 Not an interview.
c. Methods of analysing information and data
 Method:
o Descriptive:
 Tables.
 Figures.
 Pictures.
o Empirical:
 Model.
 Variables.
o Comparative:
 Comparison with previous studies.
3.2.3 Research Instruments
The ‘Research Instruments’ section describes the equipment, software or computer
hardware used in collecting information and data from the target (respondents) of the
study such as questionnaires, notebooks, videos, cameras, voice recorders or
computers as well as the use of software.
a. Equipment
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 Questionnaire form.
 Notebook.
 Video.
 Camera.
 Voice or sound recorder.
b. Computer software
 Computer software (SAS, SPSS or E-views).
c. Computer hardware
 Thumb drive.
3.2.4 Scope of the Study
The ‘Scope of the Study’ section describes the scope of the target (respondents),
research area, time frame of the study as well as the studied and non-studied sections.
a. Research Targets
 Research targets consist of respondents or target objects.
o Population
 Characteristics and categories of the population.
 Total population (if any).
 How the population is obtained.
o Sample
 Characteristics and categories of the sample.
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 Total sample.
 How the sample is determined or selected.
 Sample selection:
 Formula.
 Table.
 Statistics.
b. Research Area
 The research area explains why and how the area was selected as the study
area.
c. Time Frame
 The research time frame describes when the study was conducted.
3.3 Conclusion
The ‘Conclusion’ section in Chapter 3 contains a summary of Chapter 3.
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REFERENCES
 The style of ‘Reference’ writing is using the APA Style of the American
Psychological Association.
 The recommended spacing is 1.5.
Note: The reference writing style in the ‘References’ section is subject to the terms
and conditions set by the institution or organization responsible for assessing or
evaluating this research paper or the party that provided the research funds.
Abraham, S. (2018). The social aspects of soup kitchens. Human Journals, 9(3), 72-
78.
Alonso, N. (2017). Challenges faced by NGOs. Retrieved from https://atlascorps.org.
Matthew Desmond. (2017). Evicted: Poverty and profit in the American city. New
York, NY: Crown Publishing Group.
Nair, S. & Sagaran, S. (2015). Poverty in Malaysia: Need for a paradigm shift.
Institutions and Economies. Vol. 7, No. 3, 95-123.
Rafiza Mohamed. (2015). Gelandangan antara tret personaliti & religiositi. Kuala
Lumpur: Institut Terjemahan & Buku Malaysia.
Solutions to urban poverty. (2019, December 06). Metro News. Retrieved from
https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2019/12/06/solutions-to-
urban-poverty.
Tan, T. (2020, November 01). The poor in Malaysian cities are getting poorer. The
Star. Retrieved from https://www.thestar.com.my/news/focus/2020/11/01/the-
poor-in-malaysian-cities-are-getting-poorer.
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APPENDICES
Note: The ‘Appendices’ (or Appendixes) section is attached for the purpose of
strengthening the methods, techniques and research findings. In addition, it can also
help other researchers who plan to do research in the same field.
Appendix 1
Questionnaire
VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATION HELPS AND CHARITIES TO

THE HOMELESS AND THE INDIGENT IN PETALING JAYA
This questionnaire is to examine the profile and contribution of the volunteer
organization of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Petaling Jaya and its
contribution to the welfare and socio-economy of the homeless.
CODE
AREA
ENUMERATOR
DATE OF DATA COLLECTION
DATE OF DATA ENTRY

All information is CONFIDENTIAL and used for research purposes only.
PART A: PARTICULARS OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (NGO)

ASSISTANCE RECIPIENTS
Instructions: Tick (√) and fill in the blanks with the relevant information.
No RESPONDENT INFORMATION
.
1. Age (as of January 2019): .............................. years
2. Gender
Male Female
3. Religion
Islam Christian
Buddha Hindu
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Others:
(Specify) ..............................................................................................................
4. Race
Malay Chinese
Indian Others: .........................................
.
5. Place of origin (hometown)
Country:
(Specify) .............................................................................................................
Village/district/city:
(Specify) ...........................................................................................
8. Marriage status
Single Married
Widower / widow
Others:
(Specify) ...............................................................................................................
9. Number of people living in the same house: .............................. number of people
Number of people in the house: .............................. number of people
Having a family in Petaling Jaya:
No
Yes (Specify
relationship) ...................................................................................
10. Number of years of formal education: .............................. years.
11. Higher education (equivalent to education in Malaysia)
Level:
(Specify) .................................................................................................................
12. Current work
(If any)
...............................................................................................................................
13. Previous work
(If any)
...............................................................................................................................
PART B: HELPS AND CHARITIES FROM NON-GOVERNMENTAL

ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs)
Instructions: Tick (√) and fill in the blanks with the relevant information.
1. Date of first visit to Petaling Jaya: .............................. (calendar)

2. Reason for leaving place of origin (hometown)
No job.
Lost a job.
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Lack of economic opportunities.

Poverty.
Better health services.
No family or relatives.
Following a friend.
Others:
(Specify) ...............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
....
3. Purposes came to Petaling Jaya
Job opportunities.
A better living environment.
Following family or relatives.
Following a friend.
Others:
(Specify) ...............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
....
3. Residence in Petaling Jaya?
Please
state ................................................................................................................................
............
........................................................................................................................................
....
4. If there is no place to live, where do you sleep?
Please
state ................................................................................................................................
............
........................................................................................................................................
....
5. Reasons for asking a free food from non-governmental organizations
(NGOs)?
No money to get food.
Inadequate food requirements.
Easy to get food without having to work.
Others:
(Specify) ...............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
....
6. If there is no food, what do you do?
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Borrow money from relatives, friends or neighbours.

Ask for food from relatives, friends or neighbours.
Others:
(Specify) ...............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
....
7. How many times do you get a free food from non-governmental organizations
(NGOs)?
Every time help is given.
Often.
Sometimes.
Others:
(Specify) ...............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
....
8. Satisfaction level with the food and services provided
Very satisfied.
Satisfied.
Neutral.
Dissatisfied.
Very dissatisfied.
Others:
(Specify) ...............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
....
9. Suggestion to increase the contribution of non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) ..........................................................................................................................
..................
........................................................................................................................................
....
........................................................................................................................................
....
........................................................................................................................................
....
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION
NOTE
..................................................................................................................................................
....
..................................................................................................................................................
....
..................................................................................................................................................
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....
..................................................................................................................................................
....
..................................................................................................................................................
....
..................................................................................................................................................
....
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Appendix 2
Flowchart
Research proposal
Questionnaire formation
Selection of respondents
Questionnaire
Data collection
Data analysis
Report writing
Report submission
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Appendix 3
Schedule of work
Assignments Time Projection

 Data collection and 2 months
literature reviews. September –
October
2020
 Fieldwork, data 2 months
analysis, and results. November –
December
2021
 Report writing. 1 month
January
2021
 Presentation and
1 month
correction.
February
 Submission of
2021
reports.
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REFERENCE WRITING STYLE
 The style of ‘Reference’ writing is using the APA Style of the American
Psychological Association.
 The recommended spacing is 1.5.
Note: The reference writing style in the ‘References’ section is subject to the terms
and conditions set by the institution or organization responsible for assessing or
evaluating this research paper or the party that provided the research funds.
1. Publication or article with one author
a. English author
Write the last name (surname) followed by the initial letters of the first and second
given (real) name of the author.
 Author’s name: Mark Pegrum
Pegrum, M. (2009). From blogs to bombs: The future of electronic

technologies in education. Crawley, WA: UWA Publishing.
b. Malay author
Write the given (real) full name of the author including the father’s name.
 Author’s name: Fuad Mohamed Berawi
Fuad Mohamed Berawi. (2016). Basic econometrics. SAS user guide. Sintok:
UUM Press.
Not:
Berawi, F. M. (2016). Basic econometrics. SAS user guide. Sintok: UUM

Press.
Neither:
F. M. Berawi. (2016). Basic econometrics. SAS user guide. Sintok: UUM

Press.
Note: However, if the publisher of a book, journal or author of an article itself has
prepared or set a certain writing style, the author or researcher must follow that
writing style.
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Example: If the publisher of UUM who publishes the book ‘Fuad Mohamed Berawi.
(2016). Basic econometrics. SAS user guide’ has set the writing style by writing the
last name (surname) followed by the first letter of the first and second given name of
the author, then the reference writing style is as follows:
Berawi, F. M. (2016). Basic econometrics. SAS user guide. Sintok: UUM

Press.
c. Chinese author
 Author’s name: Tan Twan Eng
Tan T. E. (2011). The garden of evening mists. Newcastle: Myrmidon.
 Chinese author with a Christian name: Amanda Lee Koe
Lee, A. K. (2013). Ministry of moral panic. Singapore: Epigram Books.
d. Indian author
 Author’s name: Prabha Kundur
Kundur, P. (1994). Power system stability. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
e. Sikh author
 Author’s name: Ranjit Singh
Singh, R. (2007). Mac OS X internals: A systems approach. New Jersey, NJ:

Addison-Wesley.
2. Publication or article of one author of a different year
Berndt, T. J. (1981). Effects of friendship on prosocial intentions and

behavior. Child Development, 52, 636-643.
Berndt, T. J. (1999). Friends’ influence on students’ adjustment to school.

Educational Psychologist, 34, 15-28.
3. Publication or article of one author of the same year
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Malaysia
Bednarik, R. G. (2003a). Concerns in rock art science. Aura Newsletter, 20(1),

1-4.
Bednarik, R. G. (2003b). A figurine from the African Acheulian. Current

Anthropology, 44(3), 405-413.
4. Publication or article with two authors
Page, A. C., & Stritzke, W. G. K. (2015). Clinical psychology for trainees:

Foundations of science-informed practice (2nd ed.). Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
5. Publication or article with two to five authors
Ranzijn, R., McConnochie, K., & Nolan, W. (2009). Psychology and

indigenous Australians: Foundations of cultural competence. South
Yarra, Vic: Palgrave Macmillan.
6. Publication or article with six to seven authors
Wolfe, J. M., Kluender, K. R., Dennis, L. M., Bartoshuk, L. M., Herz, R. S.,
Lederman, S. J., & Merfeld, D. M. (2015). Sensation & perception (4th
ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
7. Publication or article with more than seven authors
Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A., Stamos, J. A.,
Thomas, S. T., … Rubin, L. H. (2009). Web site usability for the blind
and low-vision user. Technical Communication, 57, 323-335.
8. Publication or article with two authors of the same year
Glenn, W. H., & Johnson, D. A. (1964a). Calculating devices. London: John

Murray.
Glenn, W. H., & Johnson, D. A. (1964b). Graphs. London: Murray.
9. Organization as an author
American Psychological Association. (2003).
10. Publication or article with no author
Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA:

Merriam-Webster.
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11. Publication or article with no date
Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved

from http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic.
12. Edited publication or article with one editor
Hallinan, M. T. (Ed.). (2006). Handbook of the sociology of education. New

York, NY: Springer.
13. Edited publication or article with two editors
Day, D. V., & Antonakis, J. (Eds.). (2012). The nature of leadership (2nd ed.).
Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
14. Edited publication or article with the organization as an editor
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2000). Population by age and sex, New South
Wales, 30 June 2000 (ABS Cat. no. 3235.1). Canberra, Australian
Capital Territory: Author.
15. Electronic publication or article (eBook)
Chisum, W. J. (2006). Crime reconstruction [Adobe Digital Editions].

Retrieved from Ebook Library.
16. Online electronic publication or article (eBook)
Mitchell, H. W. (1913). Alcoholism and the alcoholic psychoses. In W. A.

White & S. E. Jelliffe (Eds.), The modern treatment of nervous and
mental diseases (Vol. 1, pp. 287-330). Retrieved from PsycBOOKS.
17. Chapters in a book
Groundwater-Smith, S. (2007). As rain is to fields, so good teachers are to

students. In S. Knipe (Ed.), Middle years schooling: Reframing
adolescence (pp. 151-170). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education
Australia.
18. Online electronic chapters in a book (eBook)
Krueger, R. E., & Kling, K. C. (2000). Validity. In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.),

Encyclopedia of Psychology (Vol. 8, pp. 149-153). Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10523-
063.
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Malaysia
19. Articles in journals
Ayernor, P. K. (2012). Diseases of ageing in Ghana. Ghana Medical Journal,

46(2), 18-22.
20. Articles in online journals
Anderson, M., & Reid, C. (2009). Don’t forget about levels of explanation.
Cortex: A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and
Behavior, 45(4), 560-561. Retrieved from ScienceDirect.
21. Articles in proceedings
Game, A. (2001). Creative ways of being. In J. R. Morss, N. Stephenson &

Rappard, J. F. H. (Eds.), Theoretical issues in psychology:
Proceedings of the International Society for Theoretical Psychology
1999 Conference (pp. 3-12). Sydney: Springer.
22. Articles in unpublished proceedings
Santhanam, E., Martin, K., Goody, A., & Hicks, O. (2011). Bottom-up steps
towards closing the loop in feedback on teaching: A CUTSD project.
Paper presented at Teaching and Learning Forum - Expanding
horizons in teaching and learning, Perth, Australia, 7-9 February 2001.
23. Government official report
Services Western Australia. Department of Health Nursing and Midwifery

Office. (2013). Aboriginal Nursing and Midwifery Strategic Plan
2011-2015. Retrieved from
http://www.nursing.health.wa.gov.au/projects/
24. Non-governmental official reports
Kendall, C. (2011). Report on psychological distress and depression in the

legal profession: Prepared for the Council of the Law Society of
Western Australia. Retrieved from http://www.mhlcwa.org.au/wp-
content/ uploads/2013/08/Psychological-distress-depression-in-the-
legal-profesion- 16-May-2011.pdf
25. Articles in newspapers
 Newspapers with the author’s name
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Hatch, B. (2006, July 13). Smoke lingers for those who keep hospitality
flowing. Australian Financial Review, p. 14.
 Newspapers without author’s names
Wait till ice cream trucks get wind of this. (2007, November 21). The New
York Times, p. F2.
 Newspapers that are more than one page
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status.

The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
Note: Use p. if the source is less than one page. Use pp. if the article appears on a
discontinuous page by giving all page numbers and separating the numbers with
commas (e.g. pp. B1, B3, B5-B7).
26. Articles in online newspapers
Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New
York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Note: Write only the main website URL (Uniform Resource Locator) link. There is
no need to put complete links because the article can still be reached with search
engines such as Google Scholar to avoid links that have expired.
Example: If the website link for the article is as follows:
http://www.lexisnexis.com/lnacui2api/results/docview/docview.do?
docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T11738223857&format=GNBFI&sort=BO
OLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T11738217438&cisb=22
_T11738217437&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=8213&docNo=7
Write only:
http://www.lexisnexis.com/lnacui2api/results/docview/docview.do.
Or:
http://www.lexisnexis.com.
This is because the article is still accessible to search engines even if it does not
display the complete URL. In addition, there are also links that have expired or the
server (server) has moved causing the reader not be able to find the right link and end
up using the search engine as well.
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27. Unpublished thesis or dissertation
Muhammad Ridhuan Bos Abdullah. (2002). Industrial structure and

concentration in Malaysian manufacturing industry (Unpublished
master thesis). Universiti Putra Malaysia.
28. Unpublished manuscripts
Blackwell, E., & Conrod, P. J. (2003). A five dimensional measure of drinking

motives. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
29. Manuscripts that are being prepared or submitted for publication
Ting, J. Y., Florsheim, P., & Huang, W. (2008). Mental health help-seeking in
ethnic minority populations: A theoretical perspective. Manuscript
submitted for publication [or ‘Manuscript in preparation’].
31

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Fuad Mohamed Berawi. (2021). Guidelines for writing a research proposal.

Sintok: Universiti Utara

SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS, FINANCE & BANKING

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS (COB)

TITLE : VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATION HELPS AND

COURSE : BEER3043 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

SESSION / SEMESTER : 2020-2021 / 2 (A202)

MATRIC NO. / NAME : 123456 ZULKIFLI BIN KAMARUDIN

PRESENTATION LINK : https://youtu.be/jkzdjzscjys

LECTURER : FUAD BIN MOHAMED BERAWI

Table 1.1: Homeless people around the world.

Note: ‘Table title’ is written at the top of the table.

Country Year Total (number of people)

India 2003 78,000,000

Indonesia 2001 3,000,000

Europe 2010 3,000,000

USA 2008 1,370,000

Philippines 2008 1,200,000

Germany 2010 254,000

Australia 2003 100,000

Greece 2010 20,000

Brazil 2000 20,000

Source: Rafiza (2015).

Table 1.2: List of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the Klang Valley.

Note: ‘Table title’ is written at the top of the table.

No. List of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the Klang Valley

1. Asian Youth Ambassadors (AYA), Subang Jaya.

2. Assumption Soup Kitchen, Petaling Jaya.

3. Charity Right Malaysia, Petaling Jaya.

4. Dapur Jalanan Kuala Lumpur.

5. Empire Project, Kuala Lumpur.

6. Feeding The Needy, Kuala Lumpur.

7. Food Not Bombs Kuala Lumpur.

9. Grace Community Services Kuala Lumpur.

Source: Fuad & Rajakumari (2021).

Figure 1.1: Gender of respondents (percent).

Note: ‘Figure title’ is written at the bottom of the figure.

Picture 1.1: Volunteers preparing the food.

Note: ‘Picture title’ is written at the bottom of the picture.

1.2 Background of the Study

Statement’ section in the next topic.

1.3 Problem Statement

1.4 Research Questions

the ‘Research Questions’ should be found in the ‘Problem Statement’ in a previous

Study’ should also contain three objectives.

1.5 Objectives of the Study

questions listed in the ‘Research Questions’.

1.5.1 General Objectives

Objectives’ are not measured by specific units of measure such as kilograms,

centimetres or number of people.

1.5.2 Specific Objectives

measured for example with a specific unit of measurement such as kilograms,

centimetres or number of people.

1.6 Significance of the Study

importance) of the study. It is directly related to the ‘Objectives of the Study’

The significance of the study in general;

 What are the reasons and significance of a study?