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AGRARIAN LAW and SOCIAL LEGISLATION

Course Description:

The course covers statutes, laws, rules, regulations and jurisprudence

designed “ to uplift the lives and economic status of the farmer and his/ her children”,
promote the welfare of the worker and his family as well as the citizenry, and protect
them against covered hazards and contingencies resulting in loss of income or
financial burden.

Course Outline:

A. Understanding basic concepts/ terms and principles

I. Meaning of social legislation

+ Scope : agrarian reform ; social security ( SSS, GSIS, maternity, Limited Portability),
employees’ compensation, retirement, health, housing

+ Legal bases

# Police power ( People vs Pomar, 46 Phil 440; Basa vs WCC, G.R. No. L -43425,
January 22, 1980; PASEI vs Drilon, 163 SCRA 386; CMS Estate Inc. vs SSS, 132
SCRA 108)

. extent and limits; limitations

# Social Justice ( Calalang vs Williams,70 Phil 728; Garcia vs PAL GR No.

1648561, 20 Jan.

2009; Capitol Medical Center vs. Meris, 470 SCRA 125)

. Relevant constitutional provisions ( Art. II, Secs. 9, 10, 18, 20 )

. Rights guaranteed

# Protection to Labor; landless farmers & farmworkers

. Relevant constitutional provisions ( Art. XII, Sec 3; Art. II, Sec 18; Art XIII, Sec. 4 –
8 ; Art. II, Sec. 21; Art XII, Sec 1, par 2; Art. XVIII, Sec. 22 )

. Statutory provisions ( Art. 3, Labor Code; Arts. 1700 & 1702, Civil Code; PD 27
;Art. 7-11, Labor Code ; RA 6657, as amended )

. Rights guaranteed : workers; employers; landless farmers, farmworkers

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. Balancing of interests ( Fuentes et al vs. NLRC et al., 266 SCRA 24; Capili vs.
NLRC 270

SCRA 488; Jamer vs. NLRC, 278 SCRA 632; Gandara Mill Supply vs NLRC, 300
SCRA 702 )

II. AGRARIAN REFORM

a. Preliminary Concepts, Background and Rationale

1. Brief history of agrarian reform: {Rice Tenancy Act of 1933; Agricultural Tenancy
Act of the Philippines; Agricultural Land Reform Code; Code of Agrarian Reform of the
Philippines; Emancipation Decree; Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988
(CARL), as amended by RA 9700}

Association of Small Landowners in the Philippines, Inc., vs Secretary of Agrarian

Reform,G.R. No. 79310, Aug 23, 1990
Alfonso v Land Bank of the Phils. & DAR, G.R.Nos.181912 & 183347, November 29,
2016

Constitutional basis of the comprehensive agrarian reform program

Liberal construction of agrarian laws
Torres v Ventura, 187 SCRA 96

b. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 ( CARL), as amended by RA 9700

Declaration of Principles and Policies ( Sec. 2. CARL, as amended)

+ Social function of property recognized

Effect on PD 27
Definition of some terms : agrarian reform, agricultural land, agricultural activity,
agrarian dispute, farmer, farmworker, rural women ( Sec 3, CARL, as amended)
Coverage / scope ( Sec. 4, CARL, as amended )
+ lands exempted and excluded ( Sec. 10, CARL, as amended)

Central Mindanao University v DARAB, 215 SCRA 86

Hospicio De San Jose De Barili, Cebu City v DARAB, 470 SCRA 609
Luz Farms v Secretary of the DAR, 192 SCRA 51
Natalia Realty, Inc. v DAR, 225 SCRA 278
Dellena v Alcaraz et al. , G.R. No.204045, December 14, 2017

Schedule of Implementation
+ In general; commercial farms; lands leased, held or possessed by multinational
corporations ancestral lands ( Sec.5, 8,9,11, CARL, as amended)
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Beneficiaries: qualified; disqualified; order of priority; qualification; usufruactuary rights

( Sec. 22, 24, 26, CARL)
Land distribution :distribution limit; retention limit, exception ( Sec.6,6-A, 6-b, 25, CARL,
as amended )
DAR et al. v Carriedo, G.R. No. 176549,January 20,2016
Land acquisition, compensation and payment by beneficiaries
+ Procedure for acquisition of private lands ( Sec.16, CARL)

Republic v Court of Appeals, 236 SCRA 758

Robustum Agricultural Corp. v DAR & LBP, G.R. 221484,November 19, 2018
+ Just compensation ( Sec. !7 – 21, CARL, as amended)

Association of Small Landowners in the Philippines, Inc. v Secretary of Agrarian

Reform, 175 SCRA 343
Alfonso v Land Bank & DAR, November 29, 2016
Land Bank v Miguel Omengan, G.R. No. 196412, July 19 2017
+ How payment is made; LBP lien on awarded land ( Sec. 26, CARL)

Corporate Farms ( Sec 29 – 34 CARL, as amended)

Statutory protections and prohibitions
+ on ejectment ( 3rd par.,Sec. 6, 1st par, Sec.22, CARL, as amended)

+ conversion or reclassification ( Sec. 65, 65-A, 65-D, CARL, as amended)

+ sale, transfer or conveyance of awarded lands or transfer of shares of stock ( Sec.

27, 31, CARL, as amended)

+ sale ,disposition, lease etc. of private lands by original owner (Sec. 6, CARL, as
amended)

+ Misuse or diversion of support services ( Sec. 37, CARL, as amended )

+ sale or disposition of retained private agricultural lands ( Sec. 70, CARL)

+ Prohibited acts and omissions (Sec. 73, CARL, as amended )

Settlement of disputes (Sec 50 -62, CARL, as amended)

Immunity from undue interference ( Sec. 55) ; tax exemptions of transfer & free
registration of titles ( Sec. 66, CARL )

III. SOCIAL SECURITY

a. Social Security Act of 2018 ( R A 11199 )

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Policy declaration: characteristics, covered contingencies, values to be emphasized

( Sec 2, RA 11199; Secs. 1-3, IRR)
CMS Estate, Inc. v SSS, 132 SCRA 108; Philippine Blooming Mills Co., Inc. 17 SCRA
1077
Ortega v SSc, 555 SCRA353

2. Key concepts and definitions: employer, employee, dependents, beneficiaries,

contingency (Sec. 8, R A 11199; Rule 12, IRR)

Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila v SSC, 1 SCRA 10; Investment Planning Corp. of
the Phil. V SSS, 21 SCRA 924; Corporal, Sr. v NLRC, 341 SCRA 658

3. Coverage and membership: Secs. 9, 9-A, 9-B, RA 11199 ;Rule 13 & 14 IRR)

+ Compulsory coverage vs voluntary coverage; effect on existing private benefit plans

+ Exclusions ( Sec 8 j, RA 11199)

+ Effective date of coverage ( Sec 10, RA 11199; Rule 15, IRR )

+ Effects of separation from employment, interruption of business or professional

income

(Sec 11 – 11-A RA 11199; Rules 16-17, IRR) )

SSS v Court of Appeals, 348 SCRA 1; Sta. Rita v Court of Appeals, 247 SCRA 484

4. BENEFITS (Secs. 12-A to 14-B, RA 11199; Rules 18 to 27, IRR)

+ Retirement ; disability (permanent total, permanent partial); sickness; unemployment

insurance or involuntary separation benefit; death; funeral

- Components: monthly pension, dependents’ pension; lump sum, “advance pension”,

13th month pension, additional benefit allowance; supplemental disability allowance

- Eligibility requirements

- Suspension of benefit

- Effects of death of retiree/ death or retirement of pensioner

> Dycaico v SSS, G. R. No. 161357, November 30, 2005

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5. Obligations/ duties of the Employer/ Employees; consequences of non-

compliance ( Sec.18, 19, 22, RA 11199; Rules 31-32, 36-39, 46,IRR)

Santiago v Court of Appeals, 133 SCRA 34; United Christian Missionary Society v SSS,
30 SCRA 982 ; Machuca Tile Co., Inc. v SSS, 30 SCRA 256

6. Non-transferability of benefits ( Sec 15, RA 11199; Rule 28, IRR )

Social Security System v Davac, 17 SCRA 863

7. Exemption from tax, legal process, and lien ( Sec 16, RA 11199; Rule 29, IRR)

8. Prohibitions on charging of fees ( Sec 17, RA 11199; Rule 30, IRR)

9. Principle of record confidentiality and presumption of correctness (Sec 24 c, RA

11199; Secs 4-7, Rule 39, IRR )

10. Effect of payment in good faith ( Sec 24 c, RA 11199; Sec 8, Rule 39, IRR)

11. Settlement of Disputes : Sec 5, RA 11199; Rules 6 to 8, IRR

b. GSIS Law (GSIS Act of 1997, RA 8291)

Statement of Objectives; key concepts and definitions: employer, employee,

dependents beneficiaries (Sec. 1 & 2, RA 8291)

Membership or coverage: compulsory; exclusions (Sec. 3, RA 8291)

Effect of separation from the service ( Sec. 4, RA 8291)

Sources of funds ( Sec. 5, RA 8291)

Obligations of the employer; effect of non-compliance ( Sec. 6 & 7, RA 8291)

BENEFITS ( Sec. 9 – 27, RA 8291)
+ separation (voluntary; involuntary); retirement; disability ( permanent total; permanent
partial; temporary total ); survivorship; funeral; life insurance

- components: basic monthly pension, lump sum, monthly income benefit

- eligibility requirements (conditions for entitlement): contributions; service

> GSIS v Reynaldo Palmiery, G.R. No. 217949, February 20, 2019

> Quirico D. Aninon v GSIS, G.R. No. 190410, April 10, 2019
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> GSIS v Apolinario Pauig, G.R. No. 210328, January 30, 2017

> Cena v Civil Service Commission etal., G.R. No. 97419, July 3, 1992

> Rabor v Civil Service Commission, 244 SCRA 614

- grounds for suspension of payment

- effects of death of member

7. Settlement of Disputes ( Secs. 28 to 23, RA 8291 )

8. Funds of GSIS ( GSIS social insurance fund): use, investment, deposits,

disbursements ( Sec. 34 - to 38, RA 8291 )

9. Exemption from tax, legal process, lien, etc. ( Sec. 39, RA 8291 )

10. Exclusiveness of Benefits ( Sec. 55, RA 8291 )

11. Liability for erroneous payment ( Sec 29, RA 8291)

c. Limited Portability Law ( RA 7699)

1. Policy declaration; coverage; definition of terms ( portability; totalization; creditable

services; benefits; periods of contribution ( Sec 1 & 2, RA7699; Sec 1, Rule III, IRR )

2. Crediting and totalization, how made (Sec. 3 – 5, RA 7699; Sec 1 -7, Rule V, IRR)

3. Benefits ( Rule III {j}, IRR)

4. Responsibility of SSS & GSIS ( Rule VI, IRR )

d. 105 Expanded Maternity Leave Law ( RA 11210 )

1. Policy declaration; coverage ( Sec 2, RA 11210; Sec 1, Rule III, IRR )

2. Benefits : live childbirth; emergency termination of pregnancy ; if qualified as solo

parent; health care services; manner of enjoyment; amount (exceptions);
reimbursement; extended maternity leave; frequency of grant (Sec. 3 – 5, RA 11210;
Rule III, Sec 2; Rule IV, Sec 1-4; Rules V – VII, IRR )

+Effect of termination of employment, pending administrative case,

consecutive pregnancies; multiple childbirths ( Sec. 8, 12, RA 11210; Rule IV, Sec 5 & 6;
Rule V, Sec 6, IRR )
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+ Eligibility requirements: contribution; notification ( Sec. 4 & 5, RA

11210; Rule VI, Sec.1-2; Rule V, Sec.1-2, IRR)

3. Recovery of sickness benefits barred ( Rule VI, Sec 6 )

4. Obligation of employer; liability for non-compliance ( Rule VI, Sec 8, IRR)

5. Principle of non-diminution of benefits; security of tenure; non-discrimination ( Sec.

14, 15, 16, RA 11210; Rule IV, Sec. 7-9, IRR)

6. Allocation of maternity leave credits ( Sec. 6, RA 11210; Rule VIII, Sec. 1 – 4, IRR )

7. Settlement of Disputes ( Rule III, Sec 7; Rule 6, Sec 9, IRR )

e. Employees’ Compensation and State Insurance Fund ( Title II, Book IV, Labor
Code & its IRR)

1. Policy declaration ( Art. 166, Labor Code): philosophy behind employees’

compensation; social security principle ; liberality of law

> Sarmiento v ECC, 244 Phil 323

> Nitura v ECC , 201 SCRA 278

> Lopez v ECC , 228 SCRA 257

2. Coverage: employers, employees, dependents, beneficiaries, foreign employment ;

effective date of coverage (Art. 167 to 170, Labor Code)

3. Obligations of the employer and employees; effects of death/ disability; delinquency

( Art, 171, 183-184, 196,200, Labor Code; Sec 1-4, Rule II, Sec 3, Rule 5, Amended
Rules on EC)

> Orate v Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 132761, 26 March 2003

4. Liability of the State Insurance Fund (SIF) – ( Art. 172, Labor Code)

+ Compensable sickness: occupational disease; increased risk theory;

conditions for compensability; crucial test for compensability ( Art. 167, Labor Code

Raro v ECC, 172 SCRA 845

Jesus Villamor v ECC et al., G. R. No.204422, Nov. 21, 2016
GSIS v Baul, 529 Phil 390
Beberisa Rino v ECC et al., G. R. 132558, May 9. 2000
Benito Lorenzo v GSIS & Dep Ed, G. R. 188385, Oct.2, 2013
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+ Compensable injury: meaning of injury; conditions for compensability; 24-

hour doctrine; coming and going rule and exceptions thereto ( Art. 167, Labor Code )

Marlow Navigation, Phils. et al. v Heirs of Ricardo Ganal, G.R. 220168,June 7, 2017
Belarmino v ECC, 185 SCRA 304
Alano v ECC 158, SCRA 669
Enao v ECC, 135, SCRA 660
Hinoguin v ECC, 170 SCRA 350
Valeriano v ECC, G.R. No. 136200,June 8, 2000
+ Principle of exclusion ( Art. 172, Labor Code )

+ Exclusiveness of liability; liability of third parties; deprivation of benefits ( Art.

173-175, Labor Code; Sec. 2, Rule IV, Amended Rules)

> Floresca v Philex Mining, 136 SCRA 141; Marcopper Mining Corp v
Abeleda, 164 SCRA 316; D,M. Consunji, Inc., v Court of Appeals, G,R. No. 137873,
April 20, 2001

5. Management of the SIF; limitations on disbursement; investment ( Art. 178 – 179,

Labor Code )

6. BENEFITS : medical benefits ( medical and rehabilitation services); disability

( temporary total; permanent total; permanent partial); death benefits (monthly income
benefit, funeral ) Art.185 – 194, 199, Labor Code )

> Vicente v ECC, 271 Phil 196 ; Vergara v Hammonia Maritime Services,
Inc., 567 SCRA 611; Jebsens’ Maritime, Inc. et al. v Florvin Rapiz, G.R. No. 218871,
January 11, 2017;

+ Scope / components; conditions for entitlement; period of entitlement;

limitations; second injuries

GSIS v De Castro, 610 Phil 568

7. Dispute settlement; filing of claims, appeal, review on certiorari, enforcement of
decision,effect of erroneous payment

+ issues on relationship and dependency

+ prescription

+ principle of non-assignment of benefits; exemption from levy, tax, etc.

+ earned benefits

+ penalties
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f. UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE ACT (RA 11223)

Declaration of principles; policies; objectives ( Sec. 1-3, UHCA))

Coverage : population; service; financial ( Sec. 5 – 7, UHCA)
Program membership: direct and indirect contributors ( Sec. 4 & 8, UHCA; Rule II, IRR);
entitlement to benefits; premium contributions (Sec. 9 & 10, UHCA; Rule III, Sec. 1 – 10,
IRR)

Funds: administrative expense; reserve funds 9 RULE iii, Sec. 11 – 12, IRR )

Obligations of the employer / employee; penalties ( Sec. 38, c & d , UHCA )

g. HOME DEVELOPMENT MUTUAL FUND LAW OF 2009 ( PAG-IBIG or RA 9679 )

Statement of policy & fund objectives ( Sec. 1 -2. IRR )

Understanding some important terms: beneficiaries; employee; employer; employment;

membership term

Coverage and membership: mandatory; voluntary; effective date of coverage (Sec. 6,

RA 9679; Rule V, Sec. 1 – 4, IRR ); membership term ( Sec. 9, RA 9679, Sec. 8, Rule V,
IRR) ; waiver or suspension of coverage ( Rule VIII, Sec. 1 & 2 ) ; portability ( Rule IX,
Sec. 8)

Effects of leave without pay; suspension, resignation, or separation from employment

( Sec. 5 & 6, Rule VII, IRR )

Characteristics of Fund ( Rule IV, Sec. 1 & 2, IRR)

Fund generation ; contributions ( Sec. 7 & 18, RA 9679; Rule IV, Sec. 12, Rule VI, Sec.
1 & 2, IRR)

Obligations of the employer / employee; effect of/ penalties for non- compliance ( Sec.
23 – 25, RA 9679; Rule V, Sec 5 - 7 ; Rule VII; Rule IV, Sec. 1 & 2; Rule IX, Sec. 2,
IRR )

Benefits : contributory support; dividends; return of contributions; housing loans; short

term loans; death benefits ( Rule IX, IRR)

Exemption from tax, legal process and lien; settlement of claims and disputes ( Rule IV,
Sec. 11; Rule IX, Sec. 3; Rule X, IRR