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Urban Storm Water Management Through Pervious Concrete Pavement

Conference Paper · April 2015

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Urban Storm Water Management Through

Pervious Concrete Pavement
First A. A.L.Guruji1, Second B. A.V.Rana2
1
The M.S.University of Baroda,Polytechnic,Civil
Engineering Department,Vadodara,India,
Email:ashish.guruji-polyced@msubaroda.ac.in
2
The M.S.University of Baroda,Polytechnic,
Applied Mechanics,Vadodara,India,
Email: anjanarana@ymail.com


Abstract— Today in metro cities, impervious concrete
pavement is constructed, which is well adopted by civilization
and have long life but unknowingly such pavement is creating
huge impervious layer on land which is not allowing water to go
in the ground. These will increase the runoff from the road and
as a side effect reduces virgin land from where the water will
recharge to subsurface. In order to tackle the growing problem of
ground water level declination, it is necessary to take up
measures for water conservation and artificial recharge to
ground water on priority. Impervious concrete pavement
constructed in urban area force to increase the capacity of storm
water drainage network. The arrangement should be such that,
Local water should reach in the local area. For this different
techniques are available. One of the methods is to construct
“Pervious Concrete Pavement”. In this paper effort was made to
study such a kind of pavement for road, which recharges water
directly into the sub-surface. For preparing pervious concrete, Figure 1. Impervious concrete road with plastic sheet and
aggregates of different sizes were used. The fine aggregates are reinforcement.
omitted. The proportion of Cement & aggregates is kept as
1:3.Different size aggregates ranging from 4.75 to 20 mm are absence of fine aggregate in the mix creates voids in the
used with same proportion and tried to find the best
porous structure which allow water to pass through the mass.
combination. The permeability test is performed for all the
combination. Thus the specimen prepared with grit and cement is
tested better among all other combination and has minimum II. METHOD
permeability and cheaper among other combination. In this paper there is an effort to optimize the available
resources though the strength of concrete reduced due to
Keywords—Aggregates, Ground Water Recharge, Pervious
Concrete, Permeability.
pervious property, but can be used where there is a light load
expected.
The ingredients are taken as per weight mix. The proportion
I. INTRODUCTION of 1:3 is used. One part of cement and three part of aggregates.
The water-cement Ratio is 30 %.
I Npresent scenario, particularly in the urban area, roads in
the societies are prepared with impervious layer of concrete.
If this will be the trend then day will come when impervious
The aggregates used as per following Table No.I
TABLE I
surface create huge amount of runoff which may not carried SIZE AND SYMBOL OF AGGREGATES
by storm water drain due to large discharge. There is urgent
Symbol Size Aggregate
need to think over the alternative for impervious pavement
created for the strength and cleanliness. S 2.36 to 10 mm Coarse Sand

G 4.75 to 12.5 mm Grit

Pervious concrete pavement consists of cement, coarse
aggregate and water. Thus, basically Pervious concrete is not C 4.75 to 20 mm Coarse Aggregate (Kapchi)
concrete but it is a mortar where, instead of fine aggregate,
coarse aggregates are used. But as the properties resemble
with concrete it is called “Pervious Concrete Pavement”. The There is no standard method to test permeability of pervious
concrete1. Cylinder of 300 mm length and 150 mm diameter is
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casted for testing permeability. Here, Cylinder of above size is TABLE I

PERMEABILITY FOR DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS
taken and packed from side. Only vertical movement of water
Time Permeability/
is allowed. From top side water is poured of known amount, Sr.No. Material In Seconds Velocity in
say 2000 cm3 (2 liters) and at bottom of cylinder water is cm/sec
collected. 1 Coarse Sand(S) 100 0.113
Time taken to travel known amount of water from media is 2 Grit (G) 129 0.087
3 Coarse 143 0.079
observed. There is always some lagging time when water aggregate (C)
started at top and passing from bottom. The time is calculated
when water starts seeping from bottom of cylinder and stops
seeping.

permeability cm/sec
0.15

0.1
permeability
0.05 cm/sec

0
S G C

Fig.3 Permeability of pervious concrete with different

combination.

This results compared with Research Report1,where

pervious concrete prepared with Cement, Coarse aggregate,
Fine aggregate and water (1:4.1:0.3:0.3 by weight) had obtain
average permeability in range of 410 in/hours (0.289 cm/sec).

III. RATE ANALYSIS OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE

The rate analysis as per present conditions is carried out for
the combination of pervious concrete mix made with Coarse
Aggregates(C), Grit (G).The Table II shows the details. In this
analysis labour charges which are same for any of the
combination is ignored. With given rates and quantity of the
material, the cost for Pervious Concrete with coarse aggregate
is Rs. 3225 per m3, while for pervious concrete with grit is Rs.
2850 per m3 .
TABLE II
COST COMPARISON OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE MADE FROM COARSE
AGGREGATES(C) & GRIT (G)
Material Quantity of Rupees/m3
Sr.
/Product Rate material
no.
1 cement 300 per 8 bags 2400
Figure 2. Water passing through cylinder of concrete inside Bag
2 Coarse 1100 0.75 m3 825
aggregate (C) per m3
The simple continuity equation formula is used to measure
velocity/permeability through pervious concrete. 3 Grit (G) 600 per 0.75 m3 450
m3
(1)
Where,
Q = Discharge in cm3/sec
a = Cross-sectional area of cylinder IV. APPLICATION OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE
v = Velocity of water through cylinder (which may be This type of pervious pavement can be used for pavement on
treated as permeability of pervious concrete) in cm/sec. which light weight vehicles are passing, driveways, sidewalks,
The cross-sectional area of cylinder is 176.71 cm2.If footpaths, Tennis court, and Garden walkway. This can also
discharge is divided by c/s area, velocity is obtained in cm/sec. be used as a filter media for hydraulic structures.
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V. BENEFITS OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE

Pervious Concrete pavement reduces the storm water runoff
and ultimately increases the capacity of storm water system. It
helps us to compensate extraction rate of ground water either
in village or city. It gives dust free environment. The main
advantage is the local water will remain locally recharge in
that soil only.

VI. DISADVANTAGES OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE

The major disadvantage of this kind of pervious concrete is
the strength of concrete as compare to impervious concrete. So
it has limited use. Another pitfall is clogging of the pores in
the concrete.

VII. CONCLUSION
The present style of using impervious paver block in the Ashish Laxman Guruji
shoulder portion of concrete pavement in urban area can be Lecturer
replaced by such pervious concrete or blocks. The Civil Engineering Department
Polytechnic
permeability obtain is much less as compared to Research The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Report1 .But it is sufficient to allow water in subsurface. The Vadodara
cost of pervious concrete made from grit is cheaper as Mobile: 91-9904222832
compared to coarse aggregate. In this paper only three
combinations are tested but still other modification with geo-
textile materials and nano materials may be used.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are thankfully acknowledged to Head of the
departments of Civil Engineering for constant support for
doing this work. Final year civil students have also helped in
casting cylinders required for testing. The Geo Test house
helped in testing the sample and supported to the best possible
way.

REFERENCES

[1] A.M.Amde, S. Rogge, “Development of High quality Pervious Concrete

specifications for Maryland Conditions”, in Title of Research Report,
Maryland Department of Transportation, The University of Maryland.
Anjana V.Rana
[2] D.S.Shah, “Pervious Concrete: New Era for Rural Road Pavement” Lecturer
IJETT, vol.4 , pp. 3495, 8-August,2013. Applied Mechanics Department
Polytechnic
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Vadodara
Mobile: 91-9824331275

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