Relations and Functions

Relation

• When the elements in a set are ordered pairs, the set is called relation.
• The set {(1,1), (2,4), (3,9), (4,16), (5,25)} is a relation.
• There are five elements in a set. The elements are the ordered pairs (1,1),
(2,4), (3,9), (4,16), and (5,25).
• The domain of the relation is the set of first coordinates of the ordered
pairs. The range is the set of the second coordinates of the ordered pairs.
For the relation above,
domain = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} range = { 1, 4, 9, 16, 25}
 Function

• The set {(1,1), (2,4), (3,9), (4,16), (5,25)} is a relation.

• domain = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} range = { 1, 4, 9, 16, 25}
• A relation in which each member of the domain corresponds to exactly one
member of the range is called a function. The relation above is not a
function because the ordered pairs (1,1) and (1, 4) have the same coordinate
but different second coordinate.
 Function

• The set {(1,1), (2,4), (3,9), (4,16), (5,25)} is a relation.

• domain = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} range = { 1, 4, 9, 16, 25}
1 1
2 4
3 9
4 16
5 25
 Function

• A function is a correspondence that assigns to each member of some set,

called the domain, exactly one member of another set, called the range.
• Determine whether each of the following correspondences is a function or a
relation.
a. {(1,12), (2, 14), (3, 16)}
b. {(red, apple), (yellow, mango), (green, mango)}
c. {(Region 2, Isabela), (Region 4, Laguna), (Region 4, Batangas)}
 Function

• A function is a correspondence that assigns to each member of some set,

called the domain, exactly one member of another set, called the range.
• a. {(1,12), (2, 14), (3, 16)}
domain range Solution: The correspondence is a function because
1 12 each member of the domain is matched to only one
2 14 member of the range.
3 16
 Function

• A function is a correspondence that assigns to each member of some set,

called the domain, exactly one member of another set, called the range.
• b. {(red, apple), (yellow, mango), (green, mango)}
domain range Solution: This correspondence is a function
red apple because each member of the domain is paired
yellow mango with only one of the range.
green
 Function

• A function is a correspondence that assigns to each member of some set,

called the domain, exactly one member of another set, called the range.
• c. {(Region 2, Isabela), (Region 4, Laguna), (Region 4, Batangas)}
domain range Solution: This correspondence is not a
Region 2 Isabela function because one member of the
Region 4 Laguna domain, Region 4 is matched to more than
Batangas one member of the range.
 Function

Determine whether each of the following correspondences is a function or

simply a relation.
1. {(1,2), (8,9), (3,4)}
2. {(-9,0), (-8,1), (-9,2)
3. {(5,4), (-6,7), (2,3), (-1,2)}
4. {(0,0), (1,1), (2,2), (3,3)}
5. {(Mickey,Minnie), (Donald,Daisy)}
6. {(ham,egg), (bacon,egg), (butter, jelly)