UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS

STATICS / SOLID MECHANICS I LABORATORY

LAPORAN MAKMAL INDIVIDU /INDIVIDUAL LABORATORY

REPORT
BDA17301 ENGINEERING MECHANICS LABORATORY I

EXPERIMENT TITTLE: THIN CYLINDER

MUHAMMAD SYAKIR BIN ROSDI No Matrik/Matrices

Nama pelajar/Name of Student
4 Seksyen/Section
Kumpulan/Group
1. MR SHAMSURI BIN MOHAMED RASIDI

Nama Pensyarah/Pengajar/Tutor/
Lecturer/Instructor/Tutor’s Name 2. MISS NUR ZAHA BINTI HASSAN

Nama Ahli Kumpulan / No.

Penilaian / Assesment
Group Members Matrik
MUHAMMAD SYAKIR AD200104
1.
BIN ROSDI
MUHAMMAD SHAMIM DD200107
2. Keputusan / Results 30 %
AMIR BIN MOHD NASIR
MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ DD200032
3.
BIN MOHAMAD SHAM
MUHAMMAD IKHWAN AD200204
4.
BIN MOHD SHAFIE
MUHAMMAD MUNIB AD200130
5. Perbincangan / Discussions 70 %
ABID AQEEL
Tarikh Ujikaji / 12/03/2021
Date of Experiment
Tarikh Hantar / 26/04/2021
Date of Submission JUMLAH / TOTAL 100%

ULASAN PEMERIKSA/COMMENTS
COP DITERIMA/APPROVED STAMP
THEORY

A thin cylinder is a structure that is built to contain pressurised fluid. It is widely

used in industries such as food processing and oil & gas in forms of tanks and
pressure vessels. The cross-sections of a thin cylinder are such as shown in Figure 1
where 𝑃 is the internal pressure, 𝑃 and are the internal diameter and the thickness of the
cylinder.

Figure 1: The cross-sections of a thin cylinder

A cylinder is considered thin only if

/ > 20

The Hoop and Longitudinal Stress

A thin cylinder is loaded with internal pressure, 𝑃 . Such a pressure has caused the
existence of internal loads and stresses in tangential and longitudinal directions.
Cutting the cylinder along the longitudinal direction, we have internal normal forces
in tangential or hoop direction, see Figure 2.
 Figure 2: The hoop stress

The external force due to internal pressure, 𝑃

= 𝑃 x Projection Area
= 𝑃 x 𝑃 x (2)

This force must be balanced by the total internal resistive force

=𝜎 2 (3)

Equating Eqn. (2) and (3), the stress in tangential direction or the hoop stress is

= /2 (4)

Cutting the cylinder at the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, we

have internal normal forces and stress in longitudinal direction, see Figure 3.

Figure 3: The longitudinal stress

 UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

RESULT
OBSERVATION

1. In this experiment we can see that the value of pressure will increased when
the hand wheel is tighten.

2. Based on table of result we can see that the value of gauge 2 the only one
which shows negative value while the other gauge shows the positive values.

3. We also can see in the table of result the value of gauge 1-4 for both
experiment as the pressure increases.

CALCULATION
 UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

DISCUSSION

A.Explain the difference between the “Open End” and “Closed End” conditions?
Open ends condition has no axial component of wall stress.

The different between the open end and closed end conditions is open ends
condition has no axial component of wall stress , however for the closed ends
condition is in which an axial stress must be exist to equilibrium the fluid pressure.

B. Which case experiences “uniaxial state of stress” and which case experiences
“biaxial state of stress”?

Open ends cylinder experience uniaxial state of stress because cylinder in this
condition has no end constraint and therefore the longitudinal component of stress
(σL) will be zero. but there will be the same strain in this direction due to the
poisson effect. σH will cause strain.
CONCLUSION

At the end of the experiment, it was discovered that a cylinder with an open end has
a uniaxial state of stress known as hoop stress, while a thin cylinder with a closed
end has a biaxial state of stress known as hoop stress and longitudinal stress. The
results obtained in the thin cylinder with open ends show that when the pressure
increases, the strain magnitude in all strain gauges from 1 to 6 increases. The
positive strain value represents elongation, while the negative strain value
represents retraction.

There are several problems that occurred during the experiment. The pressure
measurement in the
SM1007 software is delayed and only shows the actual pressure relative to the
mechanical pressure gauge. The pressure is gently and steadily increased for a few
seconds to allow the pressure reading in the SM1007 software to match the real
pressure in the thin cylinder before the strain gauge data are recorded.

To improve the experiment's outcome, it should be carried out with the thin cylinder
experiment
equipment's that functioning well. As a result, the lab assistant should examine the
equipment on a regular basis to verify that it is working properly at all times.