L-2/T-l/EEEf.

Date: 05/0812017
BANGLADESH uNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
. 1,-2/'[-( B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2016-2017

Sub: EEE 211 (Continuous Signals and Linear Systems)

Full Marks: 280 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USESEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

(15)

(20)

-_._------------------------------- .•.-_._ ... _~_.

.. ,- . '-'.

__ .:. F--~U;l.L-~Y:--~-.- . .tUL--i.--Cb) __ .--.--- ..-------.7- -.--

---- - - .~ -~ -~- . -- ~-.- --- --- -- ------_.. _ .. - . --_._-~~-_ .. -- - _._ _-~

2. (a) State and explain the Dirichlet conditions of convergence for Fourier Series. (10)
(b) The input to a system in given by x(t) as shown in the following figure for Q. No.

2(b). (25)
._.._--_ _--- ~~-t-t-----:-~_
..
_._-------_ ..._.~.-
_ _.__ ._--_._--- ._---_.~------_._--~._-
.•....
..

-_._- --1-
..• '--'-- --- --- '--_ ..~.---"-- ---------
---
. .. t

(i) Find the exponential Fourier series ofx(t).

(ii) Calculate the average power in x(t) using parseval's theorem.
Contd P12
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EEE 211
Contd ... Q. No~ 2(b) /~'. . ~'

(iii) What will ~.~the P OlIrier seri~s of dx(t)?

. '. ." dt

1
(iv) If the frequency' response of the system is given by H(())) = .' find the
1+}())

Fourier series of the output yet) of the system.

(v) Plot the magnitude and phase spectrum of x(t).

3. (a) For the functions shown in figure for Q. No. 3(a), (i) show that the functions form an
orthogonal set, (ii) Determine T that makes the three functions orthonormal, and

(iii) Express the signal x(t) in te~ns of functions of the orthogonal set: (15)

t t
-T o T -T o T -T o T

.~--1---
_._--~,-_ .._- .. '~-"-------. --------_._._._ _---
.. -_. _._-~- -._------ ~.._-_._.- .... --_._-"
.. .... __ .. _~._-_ ..

.-.-...-.--- ...---- ..--.F--l'r--.?-l'-. Q_.__no_.. _3.(.6..) .._..,. .....~... ~-.'..- ..... , .. - ...
.._-~------ .--

(b) What is a distortionless LTl system? Find the relation between the Fourier Series

coefficients of input and output of a distortionsless LTI system. (10)

(c) Find the impulse responseof the initially relaxed system shown in figure for Q. No.

3(c): (10)

Also, find the step response of the system.

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EEE 211
4. (a) Find a state space, representation of the circuit shown in figure for Q. No. 4(a),

assuming that the outputs are the currents flowing in R1 and R2• (15)

...---- ..---- ....- ....----1( -.---- -----------.--------:-.---------

..-.-.-R--.----.--..- ...-....---...--.-- '.-.
,L 1-

_._-~._--~. --~I_Ct:)---.-.--....--~-I•.HJ-------.- - --T- ..~.~-~I.-.

------..~.-_....-...-.
_.--_..---...:..
--'-' 'v,'(tr.----.---------.. C__ --_y~.Jt)_..-~.---.-_ 'Vi-l tr'--
----.--.-----
...-. -----F;F-Ty- ...~-~--il6.~--1(9
...-..-.----.-
..-.-.---.
---.-
----~-. __ . ..
' ~-- '~~.-'~'- ._._._-_ .._._.------_ .._---_._--~-_._-_..-.~-._----'-'--'---'.-.~."~...'_ ..... -~.'." ' .... , .".'

.. _-~~_ .• _. -,'--<-".'

(b) Write the properties of state transition matrix. Find an expression of the' complete
solution of response yet) from state equations for continuous time LTI system and show

that the impulse response is given by (10)

h(t) = {c~(t )'b + d~(t), t ~ 0

-.. 0, otherWIse

where the variables have usual meanings.

(c) Represent the system with transfer function: (10) .

H(s) = S2-3s+2
. s3 + 6s2 + lIs + 6
by simulation diagram using canonical fomls.

:SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE questions.

5. (a) Sketch and label the signal

x(t) ~ (t + 1) (u(t + 2) - u(t)]. (10)

(b) The signal yet) as shown in Fig. for Q. 5(b) is obtained by the transformation

yet) =' x( - 2t + 6). (15)

.~~--. -' -. j--:---ZS'

I.~tt}---_._------.
' _-_'_-_'_-'-' '
------ . ,2.. 3 --t-. '''_'n

-----_._-------------_ .. _----
________ f-_i,fj ..fc;:.. ~ ~

Sketch the signal x(t).

(c) Determine whether the signal x(t) = cos(lOO nt + n/3 ) + sin(40n t + 2n/3) is periodic

or not. If it is periodic, find the fundamental period of the signal. (10)

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EEE 211
6. (a) Determine the Fourier transform of the rectangular pulse x(t)=rect(th). Use this result

to find the Fourier transfdrni of the triangular pulse defined as (12)

.
y(t) = Ll(t/ T) = {I -'tlIT'/ It I < T
-
0, It I > T
using the convolution property of Fourier transform.

(b) Determine the energy. of the signal (11)

sin(2;rr x 1O(t - ,y,;o)) (2 15 )
x ()t = ( ) cos;rr x t.
. ;rr t - ,Y,;o

(c) Consider the system depicted in Fig. for Q. No. 6(c) where (12)

. p(t)= .t{-::J
h(t) = sin(3co B ~)
;rrt
-....
----.----:-Xfw)---.
---.
-----~ .' C-. ---.---j--. ---
._._-')(Cf)-~1~JJ~!)-:F~~;7--~-{_i)-_.
__--. _.-
- ----
.. r (.f) . .-------.----.~9- _""&_'w __
-----.- -. =.- .--\1'----:-~&-b'(t)-. _. -----'------, -
. . - . __ ._-'"'' --' ,_. ~. ----_._ .. - ... __ .... _. - ....:...

The input to the system has the spectrum shown in the same figure. Sketch the frequency
spectrum of p(t), z(t), h(t). and y(t).

7. (a) Determine the bilateral and unilateral Laplace transform of the signal (11)
x (t) = eat u( -t), a>0.

(b) The Laplace transform of the signal x(t) that is zero for t < 0 is (12) .
2
X(s) = S3+2s +3s+2
S4 +2s3 +2s2 +2s+2
Determine the Laplace transform of the signal

y(t) = tx(t)+ dx(t) + fX(T )dT .

dt 0

(c) Consider the system shown in Fig. for Q. 7(c). (12)

_____ ~_R~.:
~ (9, ?('0 _
-._---_., - -- -_._, ._- --- ._-

Determine Y(s) and yet).

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EEE 211
8. (a) Determine the impulse response h(t) of the ideal band stop filter whose frequency

response is shown in Fig. for Q. No~ 8(a). (12)

____
c------rl;~. Hr~,,'
~_., hj, r~&_i_~:
--======---' , -2-0 - 0
-_._'==1==--==--,,---
0 I O.2..e c...>

(b) Consider the RLC circuit shown in Fig. For Q. No. 8(b). (12)

Determine the transfer function H(s) = Y(s)/X(s) and impulse response h(t) of the RLC
circuit.
(c) For the mechanical system shown in Fig for Q. No. 8(c), draw the f - i (force -
current) analogous electrical circuit and write the equation of motion in terms of the

given mechanical quantities. (11)

•
 J,.. __ -. __ - ••

L-31T,1IEEE Date: 24/0112017

BA~GLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3/T-l B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2015-2016

Sub: EEE 301 (Continuous Signals and Linear Systems)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks. .
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
__________ ._ ._N __ ._ __ _ _. . .• _ .

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Symbols have their usual meanings.

1. (a) Determine if the following signals are periodic or aperiodic. If periodic, find the

period: (20)
(i) x(t) = 3 cos( 4t + 7t I 3),
(ii) x(t) = [cos(2t-7t/3)f,
7
(iii) x(t) = L e-(2/-n) ,
n=-7
(iv) x(t) = eJ(llt-I) .

(b) Find whether the following signals are power or energy signals. (15)
(i) x(t) = e -/ cos(3t) u(t),
(ii) x(t)=u(t)-2u(t-2)+u(t-5),
(iii) x(t) = te-/u(t)- 8(t - 2k),o k = O,:t 1,:t 2 ... :t a

2. (a) Evaluate the following: (20)

a
(i) ff(t)8(t--r)d-r,
-a

a
(ii) f&2 +3t+2)8(-I-t)dt,
-a

(iii) 1e(t-I) sin{ ~ (t - 5)} 8(t

-a
+ 3) dt ,

(iv) (J:+2)
w +9
8(w),

(v) . 1 8(w-3)
jw+2
5
(vi) f u2 (1- -r )cos 27t-rd-r,o u2(t) = a2u(t )/ dt 2 .
-5

(b) For the following system, find if it is (i) linear, (ii) time-invariant, (iii) causal
(iv) memoryless, and (v) stable: (15)
y(t) = sin{x(t) + x(t - 2 )},o t~0

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EEE 301

3. (a) A linear time-invariant (LTI) system is described by the following input-output

relation: (20)
y"(t) + 6y(t)+ 9y(t) = 2x'(t)+ 8x(t)
(i) Draw the simulation diagram of the system for first canonical form (ii) Write the
state-equation of the system, (iii) Find the state-transition matrix of the system,
(iv) Determine the stability ofthe system.
(b) The unit impulse response of an LTI system is given by (15)
h(t) = le-31 _e-21 Ju(t)
Find the zero-state responses of the system for the inputs (i) u(t) and (ii) e u(t) .
-I

4. (a) The Fourier series of a certain periodic signal is given by (20)

x(t) = 3 + .J3 cos 2t + sin 2t + sin 3t - ~ cos(5t + ~)

Determine the output voltage y(t) for the following circuit, where x(t) is the input

supply of the circuit. Assume zero-initial conditions.

Is the circuit distortionless?

(b) x(t) and y(t) are periodic signals with period T = 1/2, and gIven by

x(t) = cos( 47tt) and y(t) = sin( 47tt). Find the Fourier series coefficients of z(t) using

the multiplication property, where z(t) = x(t)y(t). (15)

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) Signal x(t) has the Fourier transform (10)

2
X(w) = 2+ j4w+w
3+ j4w-w2
Find the Fourier transform of

(i) x(t)* x(t -1) (ii) x( - 2t + l)e - j21

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EEE 301
eoutd ... Q. No. 5(a)

(b) Consider the system shown in Fig. for Q. No. 5(b). The systems hl(t) and h2(t),
respectively, have frequency responses: (15)

HI (w)= ~[Ho(W - wo)+ Ho(w + wo)]

H2 (w)= - ;j [Ho(w - wo)- Ho(w + wo)]

Draw the magnitude spectra of Xl (t), x2 (t), Yl (t), Y2 (t) and y(t).

.
(c) Sketch the magmtude spectrum I X (w ) I for X
()t = sin(t) sin(t
2
/ 2) . (10)
nt
00

6. (a) For the signal x(t) = L 3(t - nT) with period T, find Fourier series representation
n=-oo
and Fourier transform representation. Also find the power-density spectrum of x(t). (10)
(b) Let x(t) and y(t) be low-pass signals with bandwidths of 150 Hz and 350 Hz,
respectively, and let z(t) = x(t) y(t). The signal z(t) is sampled using an ideal sampler
at intervals of Ts sees. (12)
(i) What is the maximum value that Ts can take without introducing aliasing?

(ii) If X
(t) = sm. (300nt)
~ ' y (t) = sm. (700nt)
~
Sketch the magnitude spectrum of the sampled signal for.
(i) Ts = 0.5 ms and (ii) Ts = 2 ms
(c) The input and the output of a causal LTI system are related by the differential
equation (13)

d2y (t)
2
+6 dy +8y(t)= 2x(t)
dt dt
(i) Find frequency response H(w).
(ii) Using frequency domain approach find the response of this system if
x(t) = te-2tu(t).
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EEE 301

7. (a) For an LTI system with input x(t) and output y(t), the state space parameters are

A, b, c, and d. The state space representation is as follows (17)

v'(t) = A vet) +b x(t)

yet) = c vet) + d x(t)
Derive an expression of system transfer function H(s). Also find H(s) and h(t) for the
following parameters.

A =[~~ ~l ~[~lb c =[-1 -1], d =1

(b) Using Laplace transform method, find yet) for the following differential equation (13)

y"(t)+5y'(t)+6y(t)=2e-tu(t), y'(O- )=-2 and y(O- )=3

(c) Explain briefly the D'Alemberl's principle. (5)

8. (a) For the circuit shown in Fig. for Q. No. 8(a), find yet) considering vc(O- )= 1 volt,

iL (0- ) = 2 amperes, and x(t) = u(t). Use Laplace transform method and incorporate the

initial energy for the inductor and the capacitor in your transformed model. (15)

'---,-. -.- -- '-'-'~-----:--~ --~._~~~-------

i.52

<-<-'

(b) For the Fig. for Q. No. 8(b), find yes) and final value ofy(t) . (10)

.' ....•.
' .I . <

2- s)~Sf2

,
Gr (S)
<, .
~8' ..
~ '~~+~3-~
x.(-b) = 2. u.
" [£ )-= u (t ).

Contd P/5
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\

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EEE 301
Contd ... Q. No.8
L-3/T-1IEEE Date: 16/0112016
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3/T-1 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2014-2015

Sub: EEE 301 (Continuous Signals and Linear Systems)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Symbols bear their usual meanings.

1. (a) Consider the following signal (9)

x(t) = u (cost) - 8 (t - kn) k = 0, :t 1, :t 2, ..... '" :t 00

Is the signal periodic? Give reason. If periodic, determine the fundamental period.
Finally, sketch the signal.
(b) Determine whether the following signal is power or energy signal or neither. Justify.
our answer. (6)

x(t)= kf4 8(3t-k)sin(7tt)sgn(t)

k=-4 3
(c) Consider a signal given by (20)
-t+1 -l~t<O
t 0~t<2
x(t) =
2 2~t<3
o othwrwise
Find the analytical expressions of the odd and even parts of the signal. What are the
. average values of these parts ofthe signal?

2. (a) Determine whether the following systems are (18)

• linear/nonlinear • time-invariant/time variant
.causal/non-causal • memory1ess/with memory
• invertible/non-invertible • stable/unstable
(i) y(t)=sin(2t)loglO [x(t)]
00

-00

(b) Determine the impulse response of the system that has an input -output relation given by (17)
y'(t) + lOy(t) = 2x(t)
Find and sketch the output of the system, when the input is
x(t) = (_l)k 8(t - 5k), k = 0, :t 1,:t 2
Assume that Lt h(t) = 0, where h(t) is the impulse response of the system.
t~5

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EEE 301

3. An LTI system is defined by the following differential equation (35)

y"(t) + 6y'(t) + 8y(t) = x'(t) - x(t)
(i) Draw the simulation diagram of the system using the first canonical form.
(ii) Find the state equation of the system.
(iii) Determine the state-transition matrix ofthe system.
(iv) Comment on the stability of the system.
(v) Find the transformation matrix to convert the first canonical fonn into the second.

4. (a) The Fourier series coefficients of a periodic signal with period 20 ms are (18)

n = 0, :t 1, :t 2, :t 00

(i) Does this represent a real signal? Justify your answer.

(ii) From the expression of Cn, deduce the time-domain signal. Sketch the signal.
(b) A voltage x(t) is applied to the circuit shown in Fig. for Q. 4(b). The Fourier series
coefficients ofx(t) are given by (17)

Cn = 2
1 exp- [jnn] n = 0, :t I, :t 2, .... , :t 00
n +I 3
Determine the amplitude of the first four harmonics of the output signal yet). What is the
average value of the output signal?

-------------------
10H -

~(t) -
{\J r
- d(t)

1
SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) A single-sideband amplitude-modulated signal is generated using the system shown

bclow (15)
----
._--~----
--..v--~-------------------,
H (w) -
f _
f.,J:f-
1~ - ..
B

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EEE 301
Contd ... Q. No. 5(a)

(i) Sketch the spectmm of y(t) for COf = COm

(ii) Write the mathematical expression ofht{t)

(b) Determine the Fourier transform of the pulse x(t) = a rect(atlt), a> O. Comment on
this Fourier transfonn as a ~ 0Cl and as a ~ o. (7)
(c) The input signal x(t) = exp[-at) u(t) is applied to a system whose impulse response
h(t) is sin (2t/(m)). Find the Fourier transfonn of the output. (13)

6. (a) The input to the system shown in Fig. 6(a) has the specttum shown below: (16)

-(,.;~

Let p(t) = coscoo(t), I

Find the spectmm Y (co) of the output if h 2 (t) = sin coBt , Assume that COm > COs and
m

(b) In natural sampling, the signal x(t) is multiplied by a train of rectangular pulse as
shown in Fig. 6(b). (15)
(i) Find and sketch the spectmm ofxs(t).
(ii) Can x(t) be recovered without any distortion? Explain.
(c) State D' Alembert's principle. (4)

7. (a) Using Laplace transform method, find y(t) for the following differential equation (15)
y"(t) + 4y'(t) + 3y(t) = exp[-3t) u(t)
y(Oj = 0, y'(O-) = 1

•. ".
.. f

-lr --r T JT

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EEE 301
Contd ... Q. No.7

(b) Find the bilateral Laplace transform and ROC of (7)

x(t) = expt[bt] u(-t)
(c) For the system shown in Fig. 7(c), find yes). (13)

8. (a) For the circuit shown in ig. 8(a), vc(O-) = 1 volt, iL(O-) = 2 amperes and x(t) = u(t). (13)
Draw the Laplace transfonned model incorporating the initial energy for the inductor and
the capacitor. Find the expression ofY(s) and yet).
(b) Consider the system described by (18)

v'(t)~[ =~:] v(t)+[ ~] x(t)

y(t) = [-1 -1]v(t)+2x(t)

State variable v(t) = [ i:~]

:: and v(o-) = [ ~ I 1
(i) Find H(s) and comment on the stability of the system.
(ii) Find the step response of the system.
(c) Draw the analogous electrical circuit considering suitable analogy for the system
shown in Fig. 8(c). (4)
--~~~-----------------~-'.-.,
~.

ifCt) .

-- ~.~._----~-------
--:------
.... -f-

l..'.
-. ..
. R CJ'.' .....~( e-. J, .

------- ~- -----
//

)
L-3IT-JIEEE Date: 0510712015
BAl\'GLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-YI'-1 B. Se. Engineering Examinations 2013-2014
Sub: EEE 301 (Continuous Signals and Linear Systems)
Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin mdieate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
----------------------------~.~----
SECTION-A
There arc FOllR questions in this section, Answer any TURE£.
Symbols have their llsua! meaning'>

I. (al Determine whether x(t) = XI(t) + x"(t) is periodH: when (18)

(i) x I(t) = 4 CDS (m), 'dt) ~ -sin (3m + ru'2)
(ii) XI(t) = 4 cos (2t), X2(t)= 4 cos (2m)
If periodic, find the corresponding periods.
(h) Find if the following signals represent a delta function: (17)

(i) x(t)= Lt ~. 2 E 2
<=--to 11 l +E

.. II
(11) p \ = Lt V"
E--tO"
r>'l('i'C']
---
t

2, (a) Determine whether the following signals are power or enerb'Y signals: (18)
(i) XI(t) = u(t) + 5u(t-I)- 2u(t- 2)

..
(1l)~2(t)=2sm r,83rrJ tcos (2rrJ
"3 t
(b) An analogy sy>t~m has the followmg input.output rcIation: (17)
,
y(t) = J <:-(I-t)x(T)dT; t~O
IT
= 0; oth<:nNis<:
Here, x(t) ftml y( t) r~pr~~ent the input and output of the system, respeetivcIy.
Find if the system is linear and time-invariant (LTI). Next determine its impuls<: response
without any computation. Also, determine if the system is DIDO stable.

3. (a) Find If the periodic signals XI(t) = tan(2m) and X2(t) = sin(2ru't) have a convergent
Fourier series Tepr~sentatilln. (IS)
(b) Find th~ exponential Fuuner ~enes r~presentulion or(he lol1owmg ~lgnal: ( 17)
:.-'(\9) .
!2- _.__ .

• • • • •

-rr 0 -f::; ,
_ f\1'"'~
~ 1Jcrf _I
Con(d P/2 •
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EEE 301

4, (a) For the following circuit, virite down the state equations. C(ln~ider x(t) and y(l) a, (he
input and output lbr the equatiOlls. respectively, Find If the circuit is stable using (he slll('"
matrix A. (18)

...Jt.. -

(b) The periodic ~lgnal x(t) = B + A cOs«((lot+ tI) is applied as input or the [oll('winl; drwit,
where % = 2wTu, To being the period, and Elrepresents the phuse of tile input signal. (17)

::)0 It t+
100F''''
;j. PI- (f Cf)
1-.\ k) -
~

~?r~Y~Jav
tl.-t(':V
1-
Find the output voltage y(t).

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THRF-E.

5, (a) For the circuit shown in Fig, iiJr Q. No. 5(11). (18)

vo(O-)= ~ volt, iLW) =-1 ampere and x(t)=u(t)

2
Draw the tran~formed model incorporating the initial energy for the inductor and the
capacitor, Find the expressions ofY(s) and y(t),

14

Contd " Pi3

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EEE301
Conrct ... Q. NO.5

(b) '-'(1)= [I -2] v(t)+"21[1] x(t)

0 _] 2 (17)

y(\)=[1 Ilv(t)+x(t)
.
Statcvunable (l['I(II]
v 1= Y2(1)

(il Find H(s) and comment on ,lability of the syst~m,

(il) Find step response of the system,

6. (a) Using Laplace transfOffil method find yet) for the following differential equation (13)
y"(t) '1' 4 y'(t) + 3 yet) = u(l)
y(ln ~ 2, y'(O-)= 1

(b)Find the bilateral Laplace transform and the ROC of (7)

xl!) = cos(at) u(-t)
(ll (15)
6(5)-.

Consider,

.
X(,)=~, O(s)=!,
, lind yes) and hm
j_)"O
y(tl

7_.~(a) Consider the amplitude modulation sy~teJ1lshown below (15)

- - - -._----_.. = -- -----

1-1-. r .
m (t) ,.~~ ,~h""'Ml :i(t} ~ (1.-....,1\£.1 _~v(t)
VtJI--"'41 ~(t)
A --- (0,' w~-t Co~w;\:;

_ lA.J", 0

-f..j.r O.=3(a)
Sketch X(w), Y{m), Z(w) and- V(w) fo-,----~--

Conld P/4
 •
•

EEE 301
Contd ... Q.No.7

(b)Showthat Ffsinc(mBl))=
1 21'
2ITrect[-"'-].
(IIR wJl
(7)

(c) The ~Ignal x(l)= 1 Y4 +_e-/

1 2 ,,]
u(t) wllh
[ -0-
12 Ii
is input into a system impulse
Li3
re~p(ll1se h(t) = e- utI). Find the Fourier transform yew) of the outpl)l and lilu,
determine yet). (13)

8, (a) The signal x(l) is multiplied by a periodic impulse train pCt)with period ~ III sec and
,
the rc,ulling signal x,(l) is filtered to obtain y(ll. (17)
?G(t-)

-' "
_1- T ~T a T

(1)Delenmn~ P(m) and X,(m). (Show all necessary derivations)

(ii) Sketch X,(w) and yew).
(iii) Can x(t) b~ recovered fTOm x,(l). If yes. specify necessary modifica\lon of the
fllter shown in the figure.
00 (10)

L
i , \, e

Using force-cllrron! analogy draw the analogous mechanical circuit. Assume that the
system was initially relaxed. Write down necessary equations to justify your answer.
(c) Draw the analogous electrical circuit considering suitable analogy. (8)

1"12- -r-x.'l--
5- ~':l2_J'" Q. "" g 0-2.
 @NC<ttter1
. if 6//1
L-3rr-l/EEE _ Date: 07/06/2014
BANOLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3/T-l B. Sc. Engineering Examimltions 2012-2013
Sub: EEE 301 (Continuous Signals and Linear Systems)
Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Symbols bear their usual meanings.

1. (a) Consider the following.signal (12)

x(t) = d o(sint) + (l - a) o(t - kn)
o < a < 1. k = :t 1, :t3, :tS, 00

Is the signal periodic? Give reason. In the case of perio.dic signal, determine the
fundamental period. Finally, sketch the signal, when a = 0.5.
(b) Determine whether the following signal is power or energy signal or neither. Justify
the apswer. (12)

x(t) = kt+4 0 (3t - k) sin2 (1tt)

k=-4 3
(c) Let xo(t) and xe(t) represent the odd and even parts of an" input signal x(t),
respectively: Tlle output of a system is such that (11)
y(t)= xe(t) - xo(t)
Is the system invertible? If yes, specify the inverse .

.
-2. (a) Determine whether the following systems are
• linear or nonlinear
.'causal or non causal
• invertible or noninvertible
(18)
• time invariant or time variant
-. memory less of with memory
• stable or unstable

(i) y(t)= f:- 3

x(r)dt

(ii) y(t}=~l x(t)l-nt

2
(b) Determine the output yet) of the system shown in Fig. for Q. No. 2(b), if the input (17)
x(t) = (_1)k 8(t--l0k), k=0,,:tl,:t2, 00

The impulse responses are given as

h2(t) = 8 (l - 1)
h4(tJ == reet (tI2)

~'l. C+)
?((+) . <ft+)
-{3Lt)~1 (1)

-ha.iitr (~&. No. 2(b)

-'
Contd p/2
 "

=:=2=
EEE 301

3. An LTl system is ciefined by the following differential ~quation (35)

y'"(t) + 3y"(t)- y'(t)- 2y(t) = 3x"(t)- x(t}

(i) Draw the simulation diagram of the system using the canonical form-II.
(ii) Why integrators are used in the simulation diagram instead of differentiators?
(iii) Find the state equation of the system.
(iv) Determine the state transition matrix of the system using the Cayley-Hamilton
method.
(v) Describe the significance of state transition matrix in view of evaluating the'
impulse response of the system and determining the stability of the system.

4. (a) Three orthogonal basis functions <1>], <1>2and <1>3in an interval 0:::;t:::; 3 are given below: (17)

. (t) = {o °:::;:::;.-Y '2-

t
<1>3 l2--I'<t:::;3

Express x(t) shown in Fig. for Q. No. 4(a) in terms O[<I>I(t), <l>2(t) and <l>3(t).

~(t)

o .3
1 .2..
-t

hlj.:In ~ f AJ 0 • 4' (a.) .

(b) Consider the circuit shown in Fig. for Q. No. 4(b). The input x(t) of the circuit is the
. .
half-wave rectified signal shown in this figure. Find the amplitude of the second and

fourth harmonics of the output yet). (18)

tj(t) .

eontd P/3
.•
=3=

EEE 301.
SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this'section. AIiswer any THREE.

5. (a) Find the Fourier transforms of the following signals - (i) 8(t), (ii) 1, (iii) ejroot,
(iv) <;osroot, (v) sin root. (12)
(b) Consider the three related signals shown in Fig. 5(b). Determine X( ro) and using
Fourier transform properties, compute Y)(ro) and Y2(ro) from X(ro). (15)
. (c) Show that convolution in time domain is equivalent to multiplication in the frequency
domain. (8)

6. (a) Write down the frequency response of ideal low-pass filter with cutoff frequency roc.

Compute the impulse response of the filter and draw it. Comment on causality of the filter. (8)
(b) Consider ~he system shown in Fig. 6(b), where (15)
x(t) = sin (ro8t/2),
-1rt

p(t) = t 8(t ~ ~J'

n=-<X) ro8

h(t) = sin (3ro8t/2).

nt .
Find X(ro), P(ro), Zero), H(ro), Y(ro), S(ro) and draw each of those.
(c) Consider the system shown in Fig. 6(c). The systems h)(t) and h2(t), respectively,

have fr~quency responses (12)

H1(ro) = ~ [Ho(ro - roo)+ Ho (ro + roo)]

_ 2 .

H2(ro) = ;; [Ho(ro-roo)-Ho (ro+roo)]

Draw H) (ro), Hz(ro), Xt(ro), Xz(ro) and Y(ro).

7. (a) consider the signal x(t) givyn in Fig. 7(a). Determine the Laplace transform of Ix(t)l. (10)
(b) State the final-value theorem and prove it. (5)
(c) Find the impulse response of the system whose input and output are e-Zt u(t) and
. \.

(e -t _ 3e -2t) u(t), respectively. (5)

(d) Draw (i) f-v analogous electrical circuit and (ii) f-i analogous electrical circuit for the
mechanical system shown in Fig. 7(d). If the applied velocity, u(t) = 5 m/sec along with
leI .
M = -6 kg, D
-
= -'--
5
N-sec/m, K = 1 mIN, then determine the force fft) on the mass M
. \ ,

[assume that the system Was initially ~elaxed]. (15)

Contd P/4

, .
 =4=
EEE30i

8. (a) (i) Find H(s) of a system described by (20)

v'(t) = A vet) + b x(t)
yet) = c vet) + d x(t)
(ii) Evaluate H(s) for the case-

.
A=[-3-2 4]3 '
c=[-1 -1], d=2

willi v\o)~[ ~I l
Comment on stability of the system. Also find the step response of the system.

(b) For the circuit shown in Fig. 8(b), let vc(O) = 1 volt, iL(O) = 2 amperes and x(t) = u(t),

(i) draw the transformed model, (ii) find the expressions ofY(s) and yet). (15)
 _ 't=::""."=:
-:...J .

~(-6)
I
,
-7

'7-(-/;) -h /:f) ~(£ . (:) 1- S (j;)== fit-l)

Pei)

-':;8" '1;o'Jz- ~. 'lUi" tib)

w
:1.
y ••• ., .• •

'I '2.
t T+'t 2.Ti"<:' t
-1.. ...--- -

Rd' -jrx &. 110- y-(~

, It[-t)
/(

'. '2H -I~ .

.." t
I H . t F_.Jilt)
 L-3tr-l/EEE . Date: 06/10/2013
BANGLADESHUNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DJ-IAKA
L-3/T-l B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2011-2012. ,-

Sub: EEE 301 (Continuous Signals and Linear Systems)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours ,
'. ~
.. . :.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks. :,-.
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
___________ •• ~ ••• _MM __ -----.---.~--.--.-----.-.-----------'-

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

(18).,
1. (a) The following information are given about a signal x(t):
t
(i) x(t) is real and odd. , t

~
"

(ii) x(t) is periodic with period T = 2 and has Fourier co-efficients CK.

(iii) CK = O. for IKI> 1

(iv) ~ 1 x(t)
1
2
1 dt =1
Specify two different signals that satisfy these conditions.

(b) Consider a continuous-time LTI system whose frequency response function is (17)

H ( 0)) = r a
h( t)e - jlJ)/ dt = sin( 40)) .
0)

If the input to this system is a periodic signal

a
x(t) = 2 + Xl(t) * Lo(t - 8k)
k=-a

1,O::;;t<4
where Xl (t) = {
. -1,4::;;t<8,
Then using the Fourier Series method determine the corresponding system output yet).

2. (a) Let i
,I
2 sint
g(t)=x(t)cos t*-,
.7lt

where '*' denotes the convolution operator. Assuming that x(t) is real and
X(ro) = 0 for lrol~ 1, find the impulse response h(t) of an LTI system that can map x(t) to

get), showing the relationship between G(ro) and X(ro).

(17) .

(b) In the system shown in Fig. for Q. 2(b) the sampling signal is an impulse train with
alternating sign. The Fourier transform of the input signal is as indicated in the figure.
For T < 7t/(2rom),determine a system that will recover x(t) from yet), if there exists. Also

plot the Fourier- transform ofxp(t) and yet) for T <.. 1t/(2~m). (18)
- - ... _._-~._._ .. _-----_ ..-_..
-'

Contd P/2
 ..;....

"

=2= , ,
'I
,
EEE 301
3. (a) Suppose that we are given the following information a~out an LTI system: (18)
t" ", _!~.

(i) The system is causal

(ii) The system function is rational andhas only two poles, at s = - 2 and s = 4.
(iii) Ifx(t) = I, then yet) = O. ,,'

(iv)The value of the impulse response at t = 0+ is 4.

Determine the system function R(s) of the system.
(b) The direct form II structure of a continuous time LTI system in the s-domain is shown
.,
.
in Fig. forQ. 3(b). Specify the differential equation that characterizes the system. Also
compute the steady-state and transient responses resulting from the input
x(t) = 2 cos 4t u(t), with no initial energy at t = O. Use the unilateral Laplace transform

method. (17)

,"
;<'::-~'
,

4. (a) The input-output relationship of a non-causal continuous time LTI system with one

causal pole can be described by the differential equation (18)

2
= dx(t)
d y(t) + dy(t) -6y(t)
dt2 dt dt
-x(t)
,
t
.
If the input to the system, x(t) is x(t) = e-tu(t) +et u(- t - 2),
determine the ROC of yes), the bilateral Laplace transform of yet), and the system
response yet). Use the bilateral Laplace transform method.
(b) An ideal (- n12) radian (or - 90°) phase shifter is defined by the frequency response

j~
H(OJ}= e- 2, OJ>O
{
ej~ , OJ <0

Find the impulse response h(t) of this phase shifter and, the output yet) where

x(t) = cosoootusing the Fourier transform method. (17)

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE .

..
, l I
5. (a) The input output state-space representation of an N-dimensional LTI system is given

I~ -:'"
by
V' (t) = A Vet) + lbx(t) ... (1) (7)
.
;~~~.""-'
',' "'~'

',~ ..
Y (t) = teV(t) + d x(t), Contd P/3

,.'
 .' ••
'. !

..
. /
'.":.- ,,"

=3=

EEE 301 I, :

'~

:l'
Contd ..• Q.No. 5
where A, t>, (C and d are state-space coefficients and Vet) is N-dimensional state vector.
, '-: "

Show that the solution of state differential equation (1) is

Vet) =(1)(t - to)Vo + r o

(1)(t- 't)bx(t)d't

where state transition matrix(f>(t)= exp [At] and initial state Vo = Veto).
(b) For the RLC circuit shown in Fig. for Q. No. 5(b), considering voltage across the
capacitor and current through the ~~as two state variable VI(t) and V2(t),
- In&LI(t'O('
respectively find the input output state-space representation. (10)

+ I I

.R=;-.!l. L-:i H
~l~) l-\:.)
!. e._I
--F
"a

6 ~~
~~

~.~.
t~ Q. No. 5'" (h)

(c) By using the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, determine the state transition matrix «1>(t)
)

from the state space coefficients obtained in part (b). (10)

(d) Considering that the initial state V 0 is zero, find the impulse response of the system
i.~';", ' using the state-space coefficients and<D(t) obtained in parts (b) and (c), respectively. (8)

i,,;;;; (7)
t.:~(:r 6. (a) Is the following signal periodic? Justify.
i. tl'.

~.'.:;'.::,.:' x(l) = exp( j 771t)+ exp(j 571t)

~<:":\-~ 6 6
If your answer is yes, find the fundamental period ofx(t).
(b) Determine whether the following signal is energy or power signal or neither of these

two types.
(7)
1,1<0
x( I) = { e3t 1 1 '? 0

(c) Write down the basic properties of Dirac delta function oCt). Evaluate the following

integral
(8)

fa e- 5t l
+ ai
(t - 5)dt

(d) For the function x(t) shown in Fig. for Q. No. 6(d) sketch yet) = x(- 2t - 2) and write

the analytical expression ofy(t). (13)

-:x.l-e )
2.-
i.

-\

-2.

Contd P/4
Fi'a- ~ (X. No.6 Cd)
 ..
=4=

7. (a) Determine whether the system shown in Fig. for Q. No. 7(a) is (i) linear, (ii) time- "

<.' : (~

invariant, (iii) causal, and (iv) stable. (8)

.,(j;) ~ lo\; )
T''2 UlS' ",.-t ,',

Q. No. ':f let )

.•
','
',~
~i
", .•..,

(b) Input output relationship of an LTI system is given by

y'''(t) + 3 y" (t) - y'(t) - 2y(t) = 3x"(t)- x(t) (10)

, ,
(i) Draw the simulation diagram for this LTI system based on canonical form-I.
(ii) How many adders, multipliers and integrators are used in your diagram?
(iii) Will it be possible to design an alternate simulation diagram for the same-system

with reduced number of integrators?

(c) For an LTI system, output yet) can be obtained from the convolution between input
x(t) and the impulse response h(t). Mention the importance of this property in real life

applications. ,(4)

(d) Consider the system defined in Fig. for Q. no. 7(d). (13)
(i) sketch get)
(ii) sketch yet) and write the analytical expression of yet). (Use graphical method of
convolution integral.)

1:h-
. -1 0 \ ~t

8. (a) Input output relationship of an LTI system is given by (17)

y"(t) + 5 y'(t) + 6 yet) = x"(t) + 5 x'(t) + 5 x(t).
!'~?'
J ~. (

"

\'
'

-
For an impulse input oCt)to the system, following -differential equation is obtained

h"(t) + 5 h'(t) + 6 h(t) = o"(t) + 5 8'(t) + 5 8(t).

Considering that the system is initially relaxed, determine h(t).

Contd P/5

~1':'
>
 =5=

EEE 301
Contd .•. Q. No.8 " ~.~

(b) Draw an analogous mechanical system for the electrical circuit shown in Fig. for Q.

No.8(b) (8)

L2.

(c) Draw the f - i analogous electrical circuit of the mechanical system shown in Fig. for Q.
No; 8(c). Assume that the bar is rigid but massless and that the ~ are restricted to
. :1vfltHo~ .
have vertical motions only. (10)

---------------------------------------------------
 , .~

L-3/T-lIEEE Date: 19/03/2012

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-3/T-l B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2010-2011

Sub: EEE 301 (Continuous Signals and Linear Systems)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Symbols bear their usual meanings.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) The analytical representation of a square-wave with x(t+ T) = x(t) is given below: (18)

0, _~<t<-r
2 2
-r r
x(t) = K, -<t<-
2 2
r T
0, -<t<-
2 2
(i) Draw x(t) and find the Fourier Series Coefficients Cn of Fourier Series

representation of x(t)
(ii) Sketch the magnitude spectra of x(t) for {r = 1, T = 5}, {r = 1, T = 10} and
{r = 1, T = IS}. Comment on the effect of changing T on the frequency .

spectrum of x(t).
(b) For an input x(t) = A expljl 03 tJ applied to the RC circuit shown in Fig. for Q. 1(b) (17)
_~v.~
__'''''''''~_'~~~;~~--~-' ~-;-::-~~~ _ _-'~--'--" *-.-~~--_ ,._-~"~,._ •....~--,.-~~.--"' ~-~-"., _'.,.--~--_.
..

1--:tf.-.__ I-.-I;I'(YK~-=F-.~~-~t-..
"--""-"'--'-~--'--'-'-'--'.-."-"----.
-----..-.-.-.-~
~.."..-.--I--- -.-::b--(-- ..- ..-- --.-..:--.-::...-.-.-
....,.,.~
..~...-:..--,----- -.-:

~~~:~~=
I --.-----

I~l~j-=-=~'~:f~~~~~~=
~' i. ~~ .
...:~:::~- \::::- ..••f... ------ ~..... ~ '''' ~. ''':~ _r:. "_ ,..,.,~,.~~~,.~~.m',:._~.-,--
.•.•
--~.-"_~'-"'
•.,-.-.,_".~--, _==-..-~"-~-~.~',
" _~.. --'---'~~..

~~-'--...!!-"""- ...:.- - ~ -~

(i) Find the system function, magnitude and phase functions of the system.
(ii) Also, find the response y(t).

2. (a) (i) Show that the Fourier Transform of a sequence of impulses in the time
domain yields a sequence of impulses in the frequency domain. (4x5=20)
(ii) Show how the energy of an aperiodic signal can be computed in the Fourier
domain.
(iii) Show that convolution in the time domain is equivalent to multiplication in
the Fourier domain.
(iv) If a signal x(t) is modulated by a cosine signal cos aJi, find the Fourier
r
Transform of the modulated signal x(t )cos aJi .
Contd P/2

19
"l~
••

=2=

EEE 301
Contd ... Q. NO.2

(b) Consider the system in Fig. for Q. 2(b). (15)

-_._-------~----------

. (())B )
sm -t
where, x(t)= 2, p(t)= fg(t-nT).
nt n=-oo

(i) Sketch X(())), the Fourier Transform Spectrum of x(t)

p(())), the Fourier Transform Spectrum of p(t) and

find the period of p(t) from the expression of p(())).

(ii) Find and sketch Xs(()))' the Fourier Transform spectrum of the product signal

(iii) The system h(t) blocks all the undesired components of Xs (t) in order to

obtain y(t), which is a scaled version of x(t). Write the expressions for h(t)
and H(())). Sketch H(())).
(iv) Also, find and sketch Y(())).

3. (a) Y(s)=L[y(t)] be the Laplace Transform of the solution y(t) of the differential

equation, y"(t)+ 3y'(t)+ 2y(t) = 0, y(0-)=3, y'(O-)=1 (12)

(i) Find Y(s)
(ii) For the input x(t) = exp[- 3t]u(t), find the transfer function R(s) ofthe system.

(iii) Find the final value of the response yet).

(b) Using inverse Laplace Transform, find the impulse response of the system with

transfer function H(s) = 3 3s + 2

S2 ~ . Draw the two canonical form realizations for
s +6s +l1s+6
this system. (6+17=23)

4. (20)

--,---.---:---.-
..-.---------li3--L.---¥-~Q-~?./-(~-~------------.----
..--_.-.-.----
...-- --_.\
Contd P/3
 =3=

EEE 301
Contd ... Q. No. 4(a)

input r(t) = Au(t) and the disturbance w(t) = Bu(t), where, A and B are constants.

(i) Find the Laplace Transform yes) of the output yet)

(ii) Suppose H(s) = N((S)) and Hc(s)= Nc((S)). Hc(s) has to be designed such that
D s Dc s
ret) tracks yet). Find the final value of yet) with two necessary assumptions or
requirements.
(b) State the D/ Alembert's principle. Write the electrical and analogous mechanical
differential equations for the electrical circuit shown in Fig. for Q. 4(b) using force-

voltage (f-v) analogy. Also, draw the f-v analogous mechanical system for the circuit. (15)

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) (i) Is the signal x(t) = cos( ; t) + sin( : t) periodic? Justify and if periodic,

determine the fundamental period ofx(t). (6+6=1~)

(ii) Consider the signal x(t) = A exp[- at]; t > 0 and 0 otherwise. Find and sketch

the odd and even parts of the signal.

(b) (i) Let x(t) = u (t + 2)- 2u (t + 1)+ 2u (t)-u(t - 2)- 2u (t -3)+ 2u(t - 4). Sketch
t

x(t). Find and sketch yet) where y(t)= fx(t)dt. (8+15=23)

-co

(ii) Sketch x(t) = -t + 1;-1 ~ t < 0

= t; 0~ t <2
=2; 2~t <3
= 0; otherwise

Sketch x(t - 2), x(t + 3), x(- 3t - 2), x( %t +~) and find the analytical expressions

for these functions.

Contd P/4
 ..
,

=4=
EEE 301

6. (a) Determine whether the following signals are power pr energy signals. (10)

A
_.~t!2=-~~~~:5-~~:ii=-i.~pT::a
_) -t;- -_._ - _....... O .. '" _~E ..iZ>- _ __.._ .. --1
_.w,,,~._,,1

=-
••" •••••••••
, ••,_ ..., ••_-" •••......-.-.. •• ~~_~~ __ ._' ••__ ~.~. __ •••'••••~ ••••v •• ".v~ •••••
".,._._."". ••~_ ••••
''' ••••
~ __ ••,,' F,~." •• ,~_~_
_.' .' •••• .••._'__ '.," •• M'~".~.~ __ .~_~. ~~ _''+~''''~''''''''''''~~'''~_'''' V'_~'.h •• v __ , ••,.,,,~ •••••••

~ l~) A.Q.)(p l-~ .'

=-=-~===--==.h!~~--J,~6i ..il"iJ.====.~=~---=._~==
(b) (i) The input and impulse response of a linear time invariant (LTI) system are
denoted by x(t) and h(t), respectively, and are shown in the following figure. Using the
graphical interpretation of convolution, obtain the output of the system, yet). Also, write
the analytical expression ofy(t). (10+15=25)
_.-- 7t'1k:)-' '. ~::h-"'l-~)===~= .
.._:::/.-
.----. -_._.
__ ~:._-'---_
.. .._.._ - ..i___._.__ ; -;.i
_..__ _._"-_
,

o 2-- .... 7--'-~""'-'-'-""'- - .iO .....~...........-E..

..~:~~~=~:~.~.T~.~~
..-.~~
..~~~:~.~.--
: ~
_~~._-
.-...:~:~~:~:~-,~
E:~~~~~ J~

(ii) Find and sketch the impulse response of the LTI system shown below where

h1(t) = exp[-2t]u(t), h2(t) = exp[-2t]u(t), h3(t) = exp[-t]u(t), 14(t) = 8(t) and h5(t) = exp[-3t]u(t).

--~--'--.~-_.- -'-- ~-_._--_. --~

Also, determine whether the system is causal and stable.

7. (a) The input-output relationship of a system is given by y(t) = At x(t ) where x(t) and
yet) represent the input and output, respectively. Determine whether the system is linear,
time-invariant, causal and stable. (10)
(b) (i) Using state-variable techniques, find the impulse response for the system
described by the differential equation: y"(t) + 2y'(t)+ 2y(t) = x"(t) + 3x'(t)+ 3x(t) (12+ 13=25)
(ii) Find the state equations in the first and second canonical forms for the system
described by the differential equation: y"(t)+ 2.5 y'(t)+ y(t) = x'(t)+ x(t)

Contd PIS
 ••
'It.
..~.

=5=

EEE 301

8. (a) The state-space model for an LTI system is given by (10+8=18)

V'(I) = [~ ~ 1]vV )+[~]xV)

y(t) = [1 0] v(t)
(i) By using the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, comment on the stability of the
system and determine the state transition matrix.
(ii) For a specified initial-condition vector

find the zero-input response and impulse response of the system.

(b) Consider the system described by the differential equation (17)
y"(t) + 3y'(t)+ 2y(t) = x'(t) = x'(t)- x(t)
Find the transformation matrix P to convert the first canonical form into the second.
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