Introduction to Slides

 Subject: Introduction to Network & media

 Time Duration: 90 Minutes

 Instructor:
Dang Ngoc Cuong

Cellphone: 0972111177

E-Mail: dangocuong@duytan.edu.vn

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 Link youtube:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNwEVYkx2Kk&t=106s

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fr4Gn-uvBV4

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TS0xQ3XL8Ac

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Introduction to Computer
Networks and Telecommunications

Course Introduction and Transmission Media

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Objectives
 Discuss course organization
 Provide motivation for networking concepts as design
 models for software engineers
 Introduction to network and telecommunication
terminology
 Introduce the concept of layers
 Understand the difference between protocols and
services
 Understand the advantages and disadvantages of
different types of transmission media

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General Course Flow
 Lectures, Exams and Homework
 Networking Concepts:
• Transmitting signals
• Ensuring the signals are error free
• Getting the signals to the right place
• Regulating signals efficiently
• Communicating efficiently and effectively
• Network protocols at the application layer

Text Books and Attributions

• Comer, Douglas E., Computer Networks and Internets, 4th
Edition, 2004
• Tanenbaum, Andrew S., Computer Networks, 4 Edition, 2003

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Networks and Distributed Systems
 Computer Networks – A collection of autonomous
computers interconnected by a single technology
• Copper wire
• Fiber optics
• Microwaves
• Communication satellite

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Distributed Systems
 Distributed Systems – A collection of independent
computers that appear to a user as a single coherent
system.
• Single model or paradigm
• Middleware implements the model
• Machines act in a coherent manner
• Example: World Wide Web

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Uses of ComputerNetworks:BusinessApplications
 Resource Sharing
• Share information
• Share expensive hardware (example: printers)
• Share applications

 Communication among employees

• Email
• Video teleconferencing
• Chat

 Electronic commerce
• Business to business
• Business to consumer

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Client – Server Model

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Network Layers

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Why Layers?
 Reduces complexity
 Shields lower layer
 Provides certain services
 Peers communicate efficiently
 Peers are the corresponding layers on different
machines
 Interfaces define which primitive operations and
services the lower layer makes available to the upper
layer
 Protocols are agreements between the communicating
parties on how communication will proceed

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More Definitions
 Network architectures are a set of layers and protocols
 A protocol is a set of rules governing the format and
meaning of the packets, or messages that are
exchanged
 by the peer entities within a layer
 A protocol stack is a list of protocols used by a certain
system, one protocol/layer
 Services are a set of primitives (operations) that a layer
provides to the layer above it

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Design Issues
 What is the mechanism for identifying senders and
receivers?
 Will there be one way or two way communication?
Data?
 What happens when there is an error?
 How fast or slow can information flow between senders
and receivers?
 How long is a message? Can it be arbitrarily long?
 How will messages be routed?
 How will we know if there is a problem with the routing
of messages?

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Transmission Media
 Copper Wire and Coaxial Cable
 Glass Fibers
 Radio
 Microwave
 Infrared
 Laser

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Cable Specifications
e.g.
10BASE-T
10BASE5
10BASE2
Ethernet
100Base-T
FastEthernet
100 Base T

LAN Speed Type of cable &

100Mbps max length

Base=Baseband
Broad=broadband

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Shielded twisted-pair (STP)

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Shielded twisted-pair (STP)
 Protection from all types of external interference,
include EMI and RFI.
 Cancellation: twisting of wires.
 Shielding.
 More expensive.
 Maximum cable length 100m.
 150Ω for Token ring.

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Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)

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Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)
 Cancellation: twisted wire pairs.
 More prone to EMI (electromagnetic interference) /RFI (radio
frequency interference.) than any other cable.

 Least expensive of all media, small diameter of cable,

easy to install.
 Maximum cable length 100m.
 100Ω for Ethernet.

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Coaxial Cable
 Technology is well known (Cable TV).
 The shield can help reduce the amount of outside
interference.
 Longer cable runs than UTP & STP.
 Maximum cable length :
Thin cable : 185 m.
Thick cable : 500 m.
 50Ω for Ethernet.

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Coaxial Cable

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Glass Fibers
 Medium capable of light transmissions.
 Higher data rates (>100Mbps).
 NO EMI and RFI.
 Very expensive.
 Difficult to install.
 Maximum cable length :
Single Mode : 3000 m.
Multi Mode : 2000 m.

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Radio Frequency

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Common Wireless Network (base station)

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Wireless Network (no base station)

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Wireless Network (no base station)

 Antenna determines the range

 Satellite provides communication at greater distances
 A Single satellite carries many receiver-transmitter pairs operating
independently
 Bandwidth and throughput can be limiting
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Summary
 At the end of this course students should understand
the function of the network layers found in common use
today
 Layering provides a useful model to define and
segregate network services
 Many of the design issues in constructing efficient and
reliable networks are also useful for basic software
design issues
 Networks are constructed from many types of media
which must interact seamlessly throughout the world
 There are advantages and disadvantages to the
various physical network media, but these distinctions
change based on the needs of the user

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Lecture Questions

1) In the network layer model, what is the difference

between a protocol and an interface?

2) Compare and contrast copper wire, glass fiber, and

satellite transmission media.

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