Ch-1 NumPy

Searching Arrays

You can search an array for a certain value, and return the indexes that get a match.

To search an array, use the where() method.

Example
Find the indexes where the value is 4:

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4])

x = np.where(arr == 4)

print(x)

Output
(array([3, 5, 6]),)

The example above will return a tuple: (array([3, 5, 6],)

Which means that the value 4 is present at index 3, 5, and 6.

Example
Find the indexes where the values are even:

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])

x = np.where(arr%2 == 0)

print(x)

Output

(array([1, 3, 5, 7]),)
Search Sorted

There is a method called searchsorted() which performs a binary search in the array,

and returns the index where the specified value would be inserted to maintain the
search order.

Example
Find the indexes where the value 7 should be inserted:

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([6, 7, 8, 9])

x = np.searchsorted(arr, 7)

print(x)

Output
1

The number 7 should be inserted on index 1 to remain the sort order.

The method starts the search from the left and returns the first index where the
number 7 is no longer larger than the next value.

NumPy Sorting Arrays

Sorting means putting elements in a ordered sequence.

Ordered sequence is any sequence that has an order corresponding to elements, like
numeric or alphabetical, ascending or descending.

The NumPy ndarray object has a function called sort(), that will sort a specified
array.

Example Sort the array:

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([3, 2, 0, 1])

print(np.sort(arr))

Output
[0 1 2 3]

You can also sort arrays of strings, or any other data type:
Example
Sort the array alphabetically:

import numpy as np

arr = np.array(['banana', 'cherry', 'apple'])

print(np.sort(arr))

Output
['apple' 'banana' 'cherry']

Sorting a 2-D Array

If you use the sort() method on a 2-D array, both arrays will be sorted:

Example
import numpy as np

arr = np.array([[3, 2, 4], [5, 0, 1]])

print(np.sort(arr))

Output
[[2 3 4]
[0 1 5]]

NumPy has a ufunc for this, called add(x, y) that will produce the same result.

Example
import numpy as np

x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
y = [4, 5, 6, 7]
z = np.add(x, y)

print(z)

Output
[ 5 7 9 11]
Example
CUSTOMERS table having the following records −
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| 1 | Ramesh | 35 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

Now, let us check the following subquery with a SELECT statement.

SQL> SELECT *
FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE ID IN (SELECT ID
FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE SALARY > 4500) ;

This would produce the following result.

+----+----------+-----+---------+----------+
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+----+----------+-----+---------+----------+
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+---------+----------+