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Energy Audit Report: Power Distribution Network of Electricity Department, Daman & Diu
Energy Audit Report: Power Distribution Network of Electricity Department, Daman & Diu
We are thankful to Mr. M. R. Ingale, Executive Engineer for giving us this opportunity to contribute in their
endeavor of energy efficient management of Distribution network in the jurisdiction of Electricity Department, Diu
& Daman. We are also thankful to Mr. Sarjit Sing, Assistant Engineer for his constant support and the co operation
extended to us during the energy audit exercise. We also wish to place on record our sincere thanks for the co-
operation extended by Mr. Solanki & Mr. Mehul Tandel & technical staff in substations in completing the
assignment.
1. Electricity Department of the Administration of Union Territory of Daman & Diu has been
entrusted the responsibility of procurement, transmission & distribution in the Union territory of
Daman & Diu.
2. The Electricity Department of Daman & Diu (EDDD) does not have any generating station. It
has been allocated share of power generated by central generating stations in western & eastern
region. The % allocation in power generated by central generating stations is decided time to
time by Central Electricity Authority.
4. The power in jurisdiction of EDDD is received from 220/66KV Vapi Substation through
Vapi-Dabhel 66KV Double circuit line of GETCO and through 220KV Ambetti-Magarwada
Double circuit line of power Grid corporation Ltd. in Daman region. In Diu region, the power is
received through 66KV double circuit line emanating from 220 /66 Kv Kansari S/S of GETCO at
Una Substation.
3. At present, the EDDD has only one substation for 220 Kv/ 66 Kv transformations & 7 nos. of
substations for 66 Kv/ 11 Kv transformations in Daman territory & 1 no of substation for 66
Kv/11 Kv transformations in Diu territory. A new S/s Bhimapore has been commissioned in the
year 2012-13 to meet upcoming load development & give load relief to the network of Dalwada
S/s.
4. The electric supply to consumers in Diu & Daman territory is distributed at 66 Kv, 11 Kv&
430 Volts level. The EDDD has 491 nos. of transformer centers to step down the electric supply
from 11 Kv to 430 Volts for downstream LT consumers.
5. The EDDD has 798 nos. of HT Consumers whose consumption during audit period i.e. April-
13 to March-14 was 1638.23 MU out of total sale of 1950.76 MU. The remaining consumption
of 312.53 MU was consumed by 55030 nos. of LT Consumers. Thus HT/LT consumption ratio
in case of EDDD is 5.24 : 1. Such high HT/LT ratio enables M/s EDDD to keep the distribution
losses in check.
7. The total allocation of energy from the central generating stations for EDDD during the
period 1st April 2013 to 31st March 2014 was 1932.65 MU. Due to power purchase arrangement
of one of the consumers thru open access arrangement, energy to the tune of 206.97 MU was
injected by Energy exchange. Thus total injection including the allocation from CGS in the grid
was 2139. 62 MU. However due to shortage of sufficient instantaneous allocation, 85.11 MU
were purchased through UI settlement. Thus the gross purchased energy during the period 1st
April 2013 to 31stMarch 2014 was 2224.73 MU.
The % share of various sources of purchases is brought out in the chart below:
87%
Purchases thru' UI settlement
8. Out of purchased energy of 2224.73 MU, the actual energy available at the transmission
periphery was 2160.16 MU leaving behind the pooled losses of 64.57 MU. Out of this
available energy, the actual drawl was only 2143.9 MU leaving behind the surplus of 16.26
MU for sale through UI settlement at transmission periphery. Out of actual drawl of 2143.9
Sale thru' UI
Transmission losses
96%
Actual Energy @ State periphery
9. Out of 2135.91 MU energy received at the state periphery, the sale of 1950.76 MU was
registered in the jurisdiction of EDDD, during the period 1st April 2013 to 31st March 2014.The
sale of 196.39 was pertaining to sale thru wheeling whereas remaining sales of 1754.37 MU was
in respect of retail consumers. Thus the total T & D losses including wheeling losses in the
jurisdiction of EDDD during the period 1st April 2013 to 31st March 2014 are 185.1 MU which
amounted to 8.32% of the gross energy purchased & 8.67 % of energy received at state
periphery.
10. Summarizing, the Energy balance of gross purchased/ injected energy in year 2013-14 is
shown in the table below:
Total sale including sale thru’ UI arrangement, is 1967.02 MU which forms 88.42 % gross
energy purchased. Thus total losses incurred are 257.7 MU (11.58 %) which includes pooled
losses of 64.57 MU (2.9 %). The total loss excluding pooled losses are thus 193.14 MU (8.68%)
which comprises of transmission losses of 7.99 MU (0.36 %) incurred during transmission from
TD interface to receiving stations in state periphery and T& D losses incurred in licensed area of
EDDD of 185.15 MU amounting 8.32 % of gross purchased energy.
Pooled losses
11. The total energy balance in both Diu & Daman region is given in the table below:
From above table it can be seen that T & D losses in the network of EDDD are 8.68% of total
energy drawn at grid periphery and 8.32% of gross purchased energy. The A T & C losses in the
network of Daman & Diu including transmission losses of 7.99 MU are 9.01 % of drawl of
Energy at grid. Transmission losses up to receiving stations in state are 7.99 MU & are 0.37 %
of Energy Drawl. The losses in distribution network of Electricity department of Diu & Daman
up to 11 Kv bus in substation are 3.61 % of Energy Drawl at grid & that in downstream
network from 11 Kv bus are 5.03 % of of Energy Drawl.
13. The chart showing share each category of losses occurring in distribution network of Daman
& Diu is presented below:
The above chart brings out that the distribution losses in downstream network of 66/11 Kv
substations in Daman & Diu region are 58 % of total losses. In order to cause reduction in these
losses it is necessary to segregate of distribution losses as commercial & technical. The work of
14. The total losses up to 11 Kv bus of substations in Daman territory are 77.46 MU(3.61%)
which are purely technical. The total transmission, 220/66 Kv transformation, bus & sub
transmission losses up to 66 Kv level are 31.65 MU ( 1.48 %). The 66/11 Kv transformation &
11 kv bus losses in 66/11 kv substations are 53.8 MU ( 2.51%).
Ringanwada
34% 32% Varkund
Dalwada
Bhimpore
17% Kachhigam
Dabhel
2%
The above chart clearly indicates that the combined losses in Varkund & Kachigam substations
comprises of about 66 % of total 11 Kv technical loss.
15. The substation wise energy balance of energy received at each substation in Daman region is
given below:
85%
Export
80%
75%
Magarwada Ringanwada Varkund Dalwada Bhimpore Kachhigam Dabhel
16. The annual saving potential to tune of about 17.09 MU (0.77 %) has been identified in these
technical losses of 3.83 % which is summarized in the table below:
Sr.
No. Saving Potential MU % Savings
Gross Energy Drawl at
Purchase T<>D interface
1 Reconductoring of Transmission line
Magarwada-Kachigam I 2.03
Kachigam-Dabhel 0.33
Magarwada -Ringanwada Line 1.04
Ringanwada-Varkund Line 0.4
Varkund-Dalwada line 3.26
Dalwada -Bhimpore 1.16
2 Conversion of single circuit to double circuit*
Kachigam-Dabhel 0.36
Magarwada Ringanwada Line 2.04
Magarwada Varkund Line 0.83
Ringanwada Varkund Line 0.58
Dalwada -Bhimpore 1.19
3 Improvement of power factor
Reduction in transmission losses 0.78
Reduction in sub transmission losses 1.39
Reduction in transformation losses 1.03
Reduction of bus resistance 5.67
4 improvement in bus resistance
18. It has been decided to take the up second phase of Detail Energy Audit covering downstream
network of all substations after completion of work of provision of meters for distribution
transformers & consumer indexing. The main objective of second phase would be to segregate
the distribution losses in technical & commercial parts, to identify the feeders / DT with
maximum technical losses, & to identify HT consumers, DT with max. Commercial losses &
suggest the corrective measures with complete proposal with cost benefit analysis
Electricity Department of the Administration of Union Territory of Daman & Diu has been entrusted the
responsibility of procurement, transmission & distribution in the Union territory Daman & Diu. The
Electricity Department of Daman & Diu does not have any power generation capacity. However it has
been allocated certain share of power generated by central Generating stations based on the allocation by
Ministry of Power, Government of India.
The Central Government constituted a Joint Electricity Regulatory Commission for all Union Territories
except Delhi to be known as “Joint Electricity Regulatory Commission for Union Territories” as notified
on 2nd May 2005. Later with the joining of the state of Goa, the Commission came to be known as “Joint
Electricity Regulatory Commission for the state of Goa and Union Territories” as notified on 30th May
2008.
Joint Electricity Regulatory Commission for Union Territories (JERC) is an autonomous authority
responsible for regulation of the power sector in the state of Goa and Union Territories of Andaman &
Nicobar, Lakshadweep, Chandigarh, Daman & Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Puducherry. The main
responsibility of JERC is to formulate various regulations relating to generation, transmission,
distribution, trading and use of electricity so as to take the measures conducive to development of
electricity industry, to protect interest of consumers and supply of electricity to all areas, to rationalize the
electricity tariffs of generating companies, transmission & distribution utilities in their jurisdiction.
In accordance with the regulations ‘Conduct of Business Regulations of JERC ’ issued by the JERC the
DDED, being deemed power distribution utility in Union territory of Diu & Daman has to file Tariff
Application every year with the Commission, which includes statements containing calculation of the
expected aggregate revenue from charges under its currently approved tariff and the expected cost of
providing services i.e. Aggregate Revenue Requirement (ARR) during the Previous Year, Current Year
and Ensuing Year & tariff proposals so as to fully cover the gap between the expected aggregate revenue
at the prevalent tariff and the expected cost of services including schemes for reduction in loss levels and
other efficiency gains to be achieved.
Accordingly Electricity Department, DD had filed its petition for determination of Aggregate Revenue
Requirement (ARR) & Retail Tariff for distribution and retail sale of electricity for FY 2014-15 under
section 61, 62 & 64 of the Electricity Act, 2003. ED-DD submitted its ARR and Tariff petition for FY
2014-15 before the Commission on November 1’ 2013. according to the Conduct of Business Regulations
The licensee shall conduct regular energy audit to substantiate its estimation of T&D
losses. The licensee shall also furnish six monthly energy audit reports to the
Commission.
The energy audit report for the first six months of the year shall be provided by
November end of the same year. Similarly energy audit report for the last six months
In the absence of energy audit, the Commission may not accept the claim of the
licensee and may proceed to fix the loss levels on the basis of any other information
In response to the directives of the JERC, EDDD has decided to get the preliminary energy audit done of
the distribution network in Diu & Daman to quantify the losses up to 11 Kv feeders in 66 /11 Kv
substation & to identify the saving potential out of these losses.
Energy Audit is the key to systematic approach to for decision making in the area of energy management.
It is an effective tool to balance the total energy inputs with its outflows in various energy streams.
The energy audit of distribution exercise involves the energy accounting followed by the analysis of
energy flow data for determination of losses at various steps in transmission & distribution. In the power
distribution system, some % of energy is lost invariably during the process of distribution. The
profitability of distribution depends on the minimizing of these losses. Since the ultimate burden of these
losses has to be borne by the honest consumers in terms of higher tariff rates, the reduction in losses
would also be beneficial in the interests of the consumers. Hence in the present era of competition the
distributor having minimum losses has an edge over the competitors due to better profitability &
economical rates.
The distribution losses comprises of technical losses & commercial losses. The technical losses are
inherent features of the distribution business & are losses in various components of power distribution
system up to the point of supply viz; No load & load losses in transformers, losses in conductors of
overhead lines or underground cables, switchgears, fuses , meters, dielectric losses in capacitors, cables
etc. These losses can not be totally eliminated but can be reduced by devising proper technical
specification while procuring transformers, Switchgears, cables, overhead conductors, capacitors, meters
etc, devising & adopting strict testing plans while accepting the material, correct installation & regular
maintenance.
The commercial losses comprises of incorrect billing, errors in meter reading, defective/ stopped meters,
pilferage on account of unmetered unauthorized supply( direct), tampered meters. These losses can be
eliminated by proper & continuous vigil.
The objective of the energy audit exercise is to identify the sources of technical & commercial losses,
quantification of losses, suggest the corrective measures for minimising technical losses, to work out the
cost benefit analysis of corrective measures as suggested for computing the payback period of the
investment involved.
Owing to dynamism of the distribution system, simultaneous meter readings of all meter on incoming and
outgoing nodes is the primary requisite for energy audit exercise. However it is difficult to meet this
condition when computing the energy flow for individual consumers who are spread over entire territory
of sq. Km & are provided with conventional meters. Hence it is necessary to carry out this exercise in
lowest denomination of the distribution system i.e. Distribution transformer wise & integrate it with
supplying feeder.
In order to accomplish this, it is necessary to install meter for each distribution transformer & tag the
consumers with its feeding transformer & supply feeder. With such exercise of consumer indexing &
provision of meters for all distribution transformers, the DTC wise & feeder wise energy audit can be
carried out.
In substations of EDDD, the energy monitoring system has been installed. However due to some localized
hardware/ software problems & unavailability of internet connection the system was not fully operational.
After fully functional status, various reports such as daily import, export energy reports, loss computation,
and maximum-minimum power parameters can be generated.
At present, the meters are provided up to the 11 Kv feeders in 66/11 Kv substations. The distribution
transformers in downstream network of 11 Kv feeders in substations are being provided with the meters.
Moreover the work of tagging the consumer with its feeding distribution transformer & 11 Kv feeders is
also in progress. Hence it has been decided to carry out the energy audit till 11 Kv feeders in first phase of
energy audit for computation of technical losses being incurred till 11 Kv bus in the 66/11 Kv substations
& to take up the second phase of DT wise & feeder wise audit in second phase after completion of work
of DT metering & consumer indexing.
The data so collected is analysed for computation of losses at various steps in the distribution systems.
The corrective action measures for reduction of losses are also included in the report.
13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total
Allocation of C/ Gen 167.02 183.60 174.11 171.00 159.75 169.36 167.31 144.34 163.71 153.99 130.38 148.08 1932.65
Injection thru O/A 2.24 7.74 13.29 21.19 22.82 21.57 29.22 30.13 27.89 30.90 206.97
Total Injection 167.02 183.60 176.35 178.74 173.03 190.55 190.12 165.91 192.93 184.12 158.27 178.98 2139.62
Pooled Losses 6.39 7.02 6.56 -1.03 5.54 5.21 3.58 5.28 6.70 6.29 4.92 5.31 61.76
Scheduled at periphery 160.63 176.59 169.80 179.77 167.49 185.34 186.54 160.63 186.23 177.83 153.35 173.67 2077.86
UI purchase 23.81 1.54 7.36 6.28 20.40 0.55 11.01 11.34 82.29
Pooled losses 0.91 0.06 0.27 0.22 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.34 0.34 2.82
Total UI Purchases 24.72 1.60 7.63 6.50 21.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.57 11.35 11.68 85.11
Total Purchases 191.74 185.20 183.98 185.24 194.08 190.55 190.12 165.91 192.93 184.69 169.62 190.66 2224.73
The total allocation of energy from the central generating stations for EDDD during the period 1st April
2013 to 31stMarch 2014 was 1932.65 MU. Due to power purchase arrangement of one of the consumers
thru open access arrangement, energy to the tune of 206.97 MU was injected by Energy exchange. Thus
total injection including the allocation from CGS in the grid was 2139. 62 MU. However due to shortage
of sufficient instantaneous allocation, 85.11 MU were purchased through UI settlement. Thus the gross
purchased energy during the period 1st April 2013 to 31stMarch 2014 was 2224.73 MU.
The % share of various sources of purchases is brought out in the chart below:
9% 4%
87%
The month wise Energy availability & drawl at Transmission periphery after adjusting for pooled losses
& UI sales is furnished in the table below:
Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Nov-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Total
Total Purchases/inj. 191.74 185.2 183.98 185.24 194.08 190.55 190.12 165.91 192.93 184.69 169.62 190.66 2224.73
Total pooled losses 7.3 7.08 6.83 -0.81 6.19 5.21 3.58 5.28 6.7 6.31 5.26 5.64 64.57
Energy available at 184.44 178.12 177.15 186.05 187.89 185.34 186.54 160.63 186.23 178.38 164.36 185.02 2160.16
x'mission periphery
UI sale -1.52 -3.63 -1.71 -9.39 -16.26
Drawl at periphery 184.45 178.12 177.15 186.05 187.89 183.81 182.91 158.91 176.83 178.38 164.37 185.01 2143. 9
Out of purchased energy of 2224.73 MU, the actual energy available at the transmission periphery
was 2160.16 MU leaving behind the pooled losses of 64.57 MU. Out of this available energy, the actual
drawl was only 2143.9 MU leaving behind the surplus of 16.26 MU for sale through UI settlement at
transmission periphery. Out of actual drawl of 2143.9 MU, the actual energy received at state periphery
was 2135.91 MU. The energy of 7.99 MU was lost in transmission to receiving stations in state periphery.
3%1%
0%
96%
Sale of units:
The consumption used in particular month is billed in subsequent months depending on billing cycle.
Hence the billed units in particular month are considered as units sale of previous month. The month wise
sale of energy along with sale through wheeling during the period April 2013 to March 2014 is as below:
13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total
Sale in MU 170.5 160.86 167.79 165.5 160.26 149.25 134.99 127.52 129.69 128.27 131.35 128.38 1754.37
Sale thru Exgh 2.11 7.31 12.586 20.167 21.909 20.435 27.608 28.476 26.448 29.341 196.393
Total Sale 170.5 160.86 169.91 172.81 172.85 169.42 156.9 147.96 157.3 156.75 157.8 157.72 1950.76
Out of actual drawl of 2143.9 MU at T<>D interface, the actual energy received at state
periphery was 2135.91 MU. The energy of 7.99 MU was lost in transmission to receiving
0%
9%
9%
82%
The energy balance in respect of Gross energy Purchased is established in the table below:
% Of gross % of Drawl at
Period 1.04.2013 to 31.3.2014 MU purchase T<>D interface
1 Gross Purchased/Injected Energy = 2224.73
2 Pooled Losses = 64.57 2.90
3 Available @Transmission periphery = 2160.16 97.10
4 Sale thru' UI = 16.261 0.73
5 Actual drawl @ Transmission periphery = 2143.9 96.37 100
6 Total sales = 1950.76 87.69 90.99
7 Sale to retail consumers = 1754.37 78.86 81.83
8 Sale thru' wheeling = 196.39 8.83 9.16
9 Total T & D losses = 193.14 8.68 9.01
10 Transmission losses = 7.99 0.36 0.37
11 T & D Losses In licensed area of EDDD = 185.15 8.32 8.64
Pie chart showing the energy balance of total purchased energy till its receipt at state periphery is as
below:
79%
From above table it can be seen that total T&D losses incurred in licensed area of M/s EDDD along with
losses in transmission of power from T<>D interface during the period between 1.04.12 To 31.03.13 were
193.14 MU which amounted to 8.68 % of gross energy purchased & 9.01% of Energy drawl at T<>D
interface.
The Electricity Department of Daman & Diu receives power from 220/66KV Vapi Substation through
66KV Double circuit line and through 220KV Ambetti-Magarwada Double circuit line of power Grid
corporation Ltd. in Daman territory. In Diu region, the power is received through 66KV double circuit
line emanating from 220 /66 KV. Kansari S/S of GETCO at Una Substation. The Ambetti 220 Kv S/S of
PGCIL & Vapi and Kansari 220 /66 Kv S/S of GETCO are located in Gujarath State & power is required
to be transmitted over a distance of 20 Kms in case of Ambetti (Gujarath ) to Magarwada (Daman) &
Kansari ( Gujarath ) to Diu (Diu) & over 6 Kms in case of Vapi (Gujarath ) To Dabhel (Daman).
The month wise statement of energy received at import nodes in jurisdiction of EDDD vis-a-vis net
energy available at periphery is as below:
Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Nov-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Total
Drawl at
184.44 178.13 177.15 186.05 187.89 183.81 182.91 158.91 176.83 178.38 164.37 185.01 2143.90
periphery
Input at state RSS
Magarwada 118.46 118.84 118.26 123.58 122.58 118.79 120.94 103.05 122.43 139.29 126.97 143.45 1476.65
Dabhel 61.01 54.18 54.79 58.77 60.40 59.94 56.82 51.26 50.21 34.67 32.95 36.08 611.09
Diu 4.17 4.24 3.90 3.47 4.48 4.78 4.84 4.36 3.78 3.27 3.05 3.84 48.17
Total import 183.64 177.26 176.95 185.82 187.46 183.51 182.60 158.67 176.42 177.24 162.97 183.37 2135.91
Trans. Loss 0.81 0.87 0.20 0.23 0.43 0.30 0.31 0.24 0.41 1.14 1.40 1.64 7.99
From above it can be seen that EDDD suffered transmission losses of 7.99 MU in period 1st April 2013 to
31st March 2014, amounting to 0.37% during transmission of power from transmission stations in Gujarat
to their substations in Daman & Diu.
The 220 Kv power supply received through the line between Ambetti and Magarwada 220 Kv Sub-
Station of EDDD , is stepped down to 66 Kv voltage level with the help of 1 no. of 100 MVA 220 Kv/ 66
Kv transformer and 3 Nos. Of 50 MVA, 220 Kv/ 66 Kv transformers from where it is distributed to 66/11
Kv Sub Stations via 66 Kv sub transmission lines network.
The power supply in Daman region is also received at 66 Kv level through the lines between Vapi S/S of
GETCO, and Dabhel S/S of EDDD which is stepped down with the help of 6 nos. of 66/11 Kv
transformers for downstream distribution. In the current year, part power to Dabhel S/s has been supplied
through Magarwada stream through 66 Kv Kachigam Dabhel line since December 2013.
The power supply in Diu region is received at 66 Kv level through the lines between Kansari S/S of
GETCO, and Diu S/S of EDDD which is stepped down using 3 nos. of 66/11 Kv transformers for
Hence the month wise data of import & sales in entire territory of Daman & Diu are tabulated below:
Daman & Diu Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Nov-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Total
Import 183.64 177.26 176.95 185.82 187.46 183.51 182.6 158.67 176.42 177.24 162.97 183.37 2135.91
Sale in MU 170.5 160.86 167.79 165.5 160.26 149.25 134.99 127.52 129.69 128.27 131.35 128.38 1754.37
Sale thru Wheeling 2.11 7.31 12.586 20.167 21.909 20.435 27.608 28.476 26.448 29.341 196.393
Total Sale 170.5 160.86 169.91 172.81 172.85 169.42 156.9 147.96 157.3 156.75 157.8 157.72 1950.76
T & D losses in
DD
13.14 16.4 7.04 13.01 14.61 14.09 25.7 10.71 19.12 20.49 5.17 25.65 185.15
2143.9 MU
X’mission Periphery
7.99 MU
1476.65 MU
Magarwada 220 Kv(State Periphery)
9%
9%
82%
From above, it can be seen that the T & D losses in Daman & Diu territory are 8.32 % of gross energy
purchased & 8.67 % import of energy at state periphery.
The consumption recorded by the meters installed for various elements of the distribution system upto all
11 Kv feeders in substations during the period 1st April 2013 to 31st March 2014 is required to be
computed for determination of the losses up to 11 Kv feeders. The manual readings of meters as
recorded in log books of respective substation are used as source for this exercise. The manual reading
system has inherent shortcoming of slight error due to time delay in taking readings from first meter to
last meters. However the error is compensated to reasonable extent as the audit period (12 months) is
sufficiently long as compared to time delay.
66Kv Level
As stated earlier, out of three energy streams in jurisdiction of EDDD, two energy streams have been
identified in distribution system of Daman. In first stream, the energy is received at 220 KV at
Magarwada 220 Kv S/s from Ambetti S/s of PGCIL which is stepped down to 66 Kv & distributed to
Magarwada 66 KV, kachigam, Ringanwada, Varkund, Dalwada & Bhimpore & Partly to Dabhel S/s.
In other stream the part supply is received at Dabhel S/s at 66 Kv level from Vapi S/s of GETCO & is
stepped down to 11 KV for further distribution.
The remaining energy stream is in the region of Diu where the energy received at Una S/s at 66 Kv level
from Kansari S/s is stepped down to 11 Kv for further distribution.
The single line Diagram of 220/ 66 Kv transmission network showing energy meter positions is presented
below:
Ambetti
Magarwada
Vapi Magarwada 66 kv
Kachigam
Consumer Ringanwada
Dabhel
Varkund
Consumer
Dalwada
Bhimapore
The HT meter having 0.5 / 1 class along with CT & PT of same class have been provided on incoming as
well as outgoing feeders at Magarwada S/s as well as at all substations in jurisdiction of EDDD. The
meters are read regularly at interval of 4 hours i.e. 00.00 hrs, 8.00 hrs, 12.00 hrs, 16.00 hrs & 20.00 hrs
of every day.
The energy meters are also provided at HT side of Transformers & LT side of transformers & 66 Kv /
11Kv feeder lines. The locations of meters provided in 66 kv distribution network are indicated in above
single line diagram.
The month wise import & export at various levels in 66 Kv substations as derived from readings recorded
during the period 1st April, 13 to 31st March, 14 of all energy meters installed at various substations are
given in annexure.
The month wise consumption & transmission losses for sub-transmission network at 66 KV originating
from Magarwada 220 Kv substation during the period between 1st April, 13 to 31st March, 14 has been
worked out & as given below:
Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Nov-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Total
220 KV Ambheti- I 59.37 59.53 58.59 61.88 61.43 59.54 60.62 51.66 61.42 70.26 63.44 71.64 739.38
220 KV Ambheti- II 59.08 59.31 59.67 61.70 61.16 59.25 60.33 51.39 61.01 69.04 63.53 71.81 737.27
Total 220 Kv Import 118.46 118.84 118.26 123.58 122.58 118.79 120.94 103.05 122.43 139.29 126.97 143.45 1476.65
66 Kv Export
66 KV Varkund 33.92 34.27 34.27 35.27 34.99 34.32 34.36 29.18 32.64 32.56 29.87 33.70 399.33
66 KV Ringanwada 36.28 36.77 36.87 38.13 37.93 37.11 37.16 31.40 35.31 35.21 33.36 37.23 432.76
66 KV Kachigam I 19.00 18.31 18.36 19.73 19.82 18.46 19.39 16.67 22.48 31.10 27.47 31.22 262.01
66 KV Kachigam II 18.81 18.15 18.18 19.57 19.19 18.34 19.26 16.57 22.36 30.79 27.21 30.79 259.21
66 KV Tr I 10 Mva 2.10 2.45 2.16 2.74 2.70 2.68 2.73 2.38 2.35 2.40 2.28 2.79 29.76
66 KV Tr II 10 Mva 2.35 2.42 2.13 2.71 2.68 2.65 2.72 2.37 2.57 2.51 2.25 2.82 30.18
66 KV Tr III 10 Mva 5.19 5.66 5.52 4.64 4.41 4.44 4.51 3.77 4.06 3.95 3.84 4.11 54.11
Total Export 66 Kv 117.65 118.03 117.50 122.78 121.72 118.00 120.11 102.33 121.78 138.51 126.30 142.65 1467.35
Transformer + Bus losses 0.81 0.81 0.77 0.80 0.86 0.79 0.83 0.72 0.66 0.78 0.67 0.80 9.30
66 Kv Receipts
Kachigam I 18.89 18.25 18.21 19.60 19.71 18.36 19.29 16.58 22.33 31.06 27.26 32.46 261.99
Kachigam II 18.74 18.03 18.15 19.52 19.11 18.26 19.18 16.52 22.23 30.39 27.01 28.98 256.12
Ringanwada 16.23 17.28 17.58 18.87 19.22 18.52 18.56 14.90 17.40 17.40 16.39 18.35 210.69
Varkund 10.21 11.00 10.05 9.96 9.77 9.74 10.24 8.67 9.09 8.44 8.00 10.07 115.24
Dalwada 31.55 31.85 32.34 33.97 33.30 32.23 32.52 28.53 32.08 32.13 29.72 32.94 383.15
Bhimpore 11.22 9.87 10.23 9.60 9.92 10.22 9.44 7.49 8.74 8.80 8.15 8.46 112.13
Total Receipts 106.83 106.29 106.56 111.51 111.03 107.32 109.21 92.69 111.87 128.21 116.53 131.26 1339.32
Sub_Transmsn Losses 1.17 1.20 1.13 1.18 0.89 0.91 0.95 1.13 0.93 1.44 1.39 1.67 13.99
From above it can be seen that in the period of 12 months i.e. between April 13 to March 14,the energy of
1476.65 MU have been received at Magarwada 220 KV bus. After stepping down to 66 Kv, total energy
available for distribution was 1467.35 MU. Out of this 114.04 MU were utilised to distribute at 66 Kv bus
at Magarwada s/s & remaining 1353.31 MU units were exported to various sub stations.
The losses for stepping down the power from 220 Kv to 66 Kv were 9.3 MU (0.66 %). The energy lost
during 66 Kv transmission from Magarwada to 66 Kv bus of downstream network of Kachigam, Varkund
The energy flow during period 1st April, 13 to 31st March 14 in Magarwada distribution network up to 66
Kv bus in substations is as below:
Ambetti
1476.65 M units
220 KV Magarwada
Transformation Loss
66 Kv Magarwada
66 Kv Substations
The month wise losses during the period 1st April, 13 to 31st March, 14 are presented in the chart below:
Magarwada 220 Kv Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Nov-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Total
Total 220 Kv Import 118.46 118.84 118.26 123.58 122.58 118.79 120.94 103.05 122.43 139.29 126.97 143.45 1476.65
220/66 Kv Transformation /
bus losses
0.81 0.81 0.77 0.8 0.86 0.79 0.83 0.72 0.66 0.78 0.67 0.8 9.3
Total export 117.65 118.03 117.5 122.78 121.72 118 120.11 102.33 121.78 138.51 126.3 142.65 1467.35
Sub Transmission losses 1.17 1.2 1.13 1.18 0.89 0.91 0.95 1.13 0.93 1.44 1.39 1.67 13.99
66 Kv receipts at S/s 116.48 116.82 116.37 121.6 120.83 117.09 119.17 101.21 120.85 137.07 124.9 140.98 1453.36
The chart showing the energy balance of units received during the period 1st April, 13 to 31st March, 14 at
Magarwada 220 Kv s/s is as below:
98%
Magarwada 220 Kv
Magarwada 66 Kv
Kachigam 66 Kv Ringanwada 66 Kv
Varkund 66 Kv
Dabhel 66 Kv Dalwada 66 Kv
Bhimapore 66 Kv
Similarly as in line with the computation of losses at 66 Kv level, the losses at 11 Kv are worked out by
comparing the simultaneous (Coherent) readings installed on incoming end of substation as well on all
outgoing 11 Kv feeders at substation.
The working of losses during the period 1st April, 13 to 31st March, 14 is worked out for Magarwada 11
Kv substation & given below. The working of losses in case of rest of substation is given in annexure and
tables furnishing month wise losses & energy balance for each substation are given below:
The HT meters are provided at 66 KV side & 11 KV side of transformers. The meters are also provided
on outgoing 11 kv distribution feeders. The locations of meters provided in 66/11 kv distribution network
are indicated in above single line diagram.
The readings of all meter are regular intervals are recorded in the log book. This data of reading during
the period 1st April, 13 to 31st March, 14 is used for computation of net energy import / export balance.
The data of month wise readings is given in annexure. The month wise transformation loss & 11 Kv bus
losses up to 11 Kv bus of Magarwada s/s are worked out & given below.
The month wise energy flow on primary & secondary side of transformers & of all 11 Kv feeders is
tabulated below:
13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar
Tr-I 66 KV 2.10 2.45 2.16 2.74 2.70 2.68 2.73 2.38 2.35 2.40 2.28 2.79 29.76
Tr-II 66 KV 2.35 2.42 2.13 2.71 2.68 2.65 2.72 2.37 2.57 2.51 2.25 2.82 30.18
Tr-III 66 KV 5.19 5.66 5.52 4.64 4.41 4.44 4.51 3.77 4.06 3.95 3.84 4.11 54.11
10.0
9.64 10.54 9.81 9.79 9.77 9.96 8.52 8.99 8.86 8.38 9.71 114.04
Total 66 Kv 9
Tr-I 11 KV 2.08 2.43 2.14 2.72 2.68 2.66 2.72 2.37 2.33 2.38 2.26 2.77 29.52
Tr-II 11 KV 2.32 2.40 2.11 2.69 2.66 2.64 2.70 2.35 2.55 2.48 2.24 2.80 29.94
Tr-III 11 KV 5.17 5.64 5.50 4.63 4.45 4.43 4.50 3.76 4.08 3.93 3.83 4.11 54.03
10.0
9.58 10.47 9.75 9.79 9.72 9.91 8.48 8.96 8.80 8.32 9.68 113.49
Total 11 kv 4
11 Kv Export 9 10.26 9.59 9.88 9.63 9.57 9.71 8.37 8.83 8.67 8.2 9.52 111.23
Magarwada 66 Kv 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total
66 Kv Import 9.64 10.54 9.81 10.09 9.79 9.77 9.96 8.52 8.99 8.86 8.38 9.71 114.04
X mer Losses 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.55
11 Kv Bus Losses 0.57 0.21 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.1 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.16 2.26
11 Kv Export 9 10.26 9.59 9.88 9.63 9.57 9.71 8.37 8.83 8.67 8.2 9.52 111.23
The graphical representation of month wise % allocation of energy received at Magarwada 66 Kv S/S
during the period 1st April, 13 to 31st March, 14 is as below losses is as below:
96%
11 Kv Bus
Losses
94%
92%
11 Kv
90% Export
Apr_14 May_13 Jun_13 Jul_13 Aug_13 Sep_13 Oct_13 Nov_13 Dec_13 Jan_14 Feb_14 Mar_14
Thus the total losses of 2.81 MU were incurred in Magarwada 66 Kv substation during the period
between April-13 to march 14. These losses are worked out to be 2.47 % of total energy import of 114.04
MU during this period.
114.04 M units
Transformation loss
0.55 M units
11 Kv Bus loss
2.26 M Units
2% 0%
98%
Likewise the 66/11 Kv transformation losses & 11 Kv bus losses have been worked out for all substations
& are given below:
13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar
66 Kv Import 16.23 17.28 17.58 18.87 19.22 18.52 18.56 14.90 17.40 17.40 16.39 18.35 210.69
X'mer losses 0.04 0.10 0.07 0.11 0.07 0.11 0.01 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.96
11 Kv bus losses 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.56
11 Kv Export 16.15 17.16 17.48 18.71 19.08 18.38 18.41 14.79 17.27 17.27 16.26 18.21 209.17
The graph showing trend of month wise % distribution of energy received during the period 1st April, 13
to 31st March, 14 at Ringanwada S/S & losses thereat is as below:
Thus the total losses are 1.52 MU were incurred in Ringanwada 66 Kv substation during the period
between April-13 to March 14. These losses are worked out to be 0.72 % of total energy import of 210.69
MU during this period.
The single line diagram showing energy balance at Ringanwada S/S is as below
210.69 M units
Ringanwada S/S
Transformation loss
0.96 M units
11 Kv Bus loss
0.56 M Units
1% 0%
99%
Apr_13 May_13 Jun_13 Jul_13 Aug_13 Sep_13 Oct_13 Nov_13 Dec_13 Jan_14 Feb_14 Mar_14
66 Kv Import 10.21 11 10.05 9.96 9.77 9.74 10.24 8.67 9.09 8.44 8 10.07 115.24
11 Kv bus losses 0.91 1.67 1.48 1.58 1.43 1.46 1.61 1.58 1.18 1.01 0.66 1.24 15.81
X'mer Losses 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.1 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.11 -0.02 1.27
11 Kv Export 9.18 9.2 8.45 8.27 8.21 8.16 8.5 7 7.8 7.31 7.23 8.85 98.16
The graph showing trend of month wise % distribution of energy received during the period 1st April, 13
to 31st March, 14 at Varkund S/S & losses thereat is as below:
80% X'mer
Losses
60%
11 kv bus
losses
40%
11 Kv
20%
Export
0%
Apr_13 May_13 Jun_13 Jul_13 Aug_13 Sep_13 Oct_13 Nov_13 Dec_13 Jan_14 Feb_14 Mar_14
-20%
Thus the total losses of 17.08 MU were incurred in Varkund 66 Kv substation during the period between
April-13 to March 14. These losses are worked out to be 14.82 % of total energy import of 115.24 MU
during this period.
The single line diagram showing energy balance at Varkund S/S is as below
115.24 M units
Varkund S/S
Transformation loss
1.27 MU
113.97 MU 11 Kv Bus
11 Kv Bus loss
15.81 M Units
1%
14%
85%
Dalwada s/s 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total
11 Kv Import 31.55 31.85 32.34 33.97 33.30 32.23 32.52 28.53 32.08 32.13 29.72 32.94 383.15
Transformer Loses 0.26 0.25 0.19 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.35 0.23 0.22 0.31 2.01
11 Kv Bus losses 0.52 0.64 0.20 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.32 1.89 1.70 1.94 7.32
66 Kv Export 2.11 2.35 2.76 3.13 3.06 2.66 2.86 2.43 2.66 2.86 2.64 2.68 32.20
11 Kv Export 28.65 28.61 29.19 30.80 30.12 29.54 29.59 26.04 28.76 27.16 25.16 28.01 341.61
The graph showing trend of month wise % distribution of energy received during the period 1st April, 13
to 31st March 14 at Dalwada S/S & losses thereat is as below:
85% 66 Kv
Export
80% 11 Kv
Export
75%
Apr_13 May_13 Jun_13 Jul_13 Aug_13 Sep_13 Oct_13 Nov_13 Dec_13 Jan_14 Feb_14 Mar_14
Thus the total losses of 9.33 MU were incurred in Dalwada 66 Kv substation during the period between
April-13 to March 14. These losses are worked out to be 2.43 % of total energy import of 383.15 MU
during this period.
The single line diagram showing energy balance at Dalwada S/S is as below
383.15 M units
Dalwada S/S
2.01 M units
11 Kv Bus loss
7.32 M Units
0% 2%
98%
The month wise losses at Bhimapore s/s S/S are tabulated below:
Bhimpore 66 Kv 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total
66 Kv Import 11.22 9.87 10.23 9.6 9.92 10.22 9.44 7.49 8.74 8.8 8.15 8.46 112.13
X'mer Losses 0.15 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.17 0.22 0.11 0 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.03 1.08
11 Kv bus losses 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0.01 0 0 0.01 0.1
11 kv Export 11.06 9.79 10.14 9.47 9.74 9.99 9.32 7.48 8.69 8.75 8.1 8.42 110.95
The graph showing trend of month wise % distribution of energy received during the period 1st April, 13
to 31st March 14 at Bhimpore S/S & losses thereat is as below:
Thus the total losses of 1.18 MU were incurred in Bhimapore 66 Kv substation during the period April 13
to March 14. These losses are worked out to be 1.05 % of total energy import of 112.13 MU during this
period.
The single line diagram showing energy balance at Dalwada S/S is as below
112.13 M units
Bhimapore S/S
Transformation loss
1.08 M units
11 Kv Bus loss
0.1 M Units
1% 0%
99%
Kachigam 66 Kv 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total
66 kv Import 37.62 36.28 36.37 39.12 38.82 36.63 38.47 33.1 37.83 36.8 33.61 38.01 442.64
Transformer losses 0.51 0.52 0.49 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.5 0.24 0.05 0.5 0.5 5.58
11 Kv Bus losses 0.19 0.98 1.67 2 1.64 0.93 1.45 0.9 0.11 1.06 0.79 0.73 12.46
11 Kv Export 36.33 34.37 33.69 36.11 36.24 34.74 35.87 31.12 36.82 34.86 31.67 35.99 417.82
66 Kv Export 0.59 0.41 0.51 0.44 0.38 0.4 0.57 0.58 0.66 0.83 0.65 0.78 6.79
The graph showing trend of month wise % distribution of energy received at kachigam S/S & losses in
kachigam S/s is as below:
94%
66 Kv Export
92%
11 Kv Export
90%
88%
Apr_13 May_13 Jun_13 Jul_13 Aug_13 Sep_13 Oct_13 Nov_13 Dec_13 Jan_14 Feb_14 Mar_14
Thus the total losses of 18.04 MU were incurred in Kachigam 66 Kv substation during the period April-
13 to March 14. These losses are worked out to be 4.07 % of total energy import of 442.65 MU during
this period.
MU % %
Total import 442.65 19.90
X'mation loss 5.58 1.26 0.25
11 Kv Bus loss 12.46 2.81 0.56
66 + 11 Kv Export 424.61 95.93 19.09
The single line diagram showing energy balance at Kachigam S/S is as below
442.65 M units
Kachigam S/S
11 Kv Bus losses
12.46 M Units
1% 3%
96%
66 Kv Import 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total
Magarwada 9.64 10.54 9.81 10.09 9.79 9.77 9.96 8.52 8.99 8.86 8.38 9.71 114.06
Ringanwada 16.23 17.28 17.58 18.87 19.22 18.52 18.56 14.9 17.4 17.4 16.39 18.35 210.69
Varkund 10.21 11 10.05 9.96 9.77 9.74 10.24 8.67 9.09 8.44 8 10.07 115.24
Dalwada 31.55 31.85 32.34 33.97 33.3 32.23 32.52 28.53 32.08 32.13 29.72 32.94 383.15
Bhimpore 11.22 9.87 10.23 9.6 9.92 10.22 9.44 7.49 8.74 8.8 8.15 8.46 112.13
Kachigam 37.62 36.28 36.37 39.12 38.82 36.63 38.47 33.1 37.83 36.8 33.61 38.01 442.66
116.47 116.82 116.38 121.61 120.82 117.11 119.19 101.21 114.13 112.43 104.25 117.54 1377.93
Dabhel 6.7 24.54 20.55 23.31 75.08
1453.01
The part energy (75.47 MU) at Dabhel S/s was supplied through Magarwada stream via Kachigam -
Dabhel 66 Kv link since Dec 13. Total sub transmission losses were 14.37 MU for transmitting the energy
from Magarwada 220 Kv Ss to its various downstream 66 Kv S/s.
13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total
X'mer Losses
Magarwada 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.56
Ringanwada 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.11 0.07 0.11 0.01 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.96
Varkund 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.1 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.11 -0.02 1.27
Dalwada 0.26 0.25 0.19 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.35 0.23 0.22 0.31 2.01
Bhimpore 0.15 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.17 0.22 0.11 0 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.03 1.08
Kachigam 0.51 0.52 0.49 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.5 0.24 0.05 0.5 0.5 5.58
Total 1.16 1.14 1.01 0.97 1.05 1.06 0.9 0.75 0.84 0.57 1.02 0.95 11.46
Total Transformation losses in various 66 Kv S/s in Magarwada stream are 11.46 MU.
11 Kv bus losses 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total
Magarwada 0.57 0.21 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.1 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.16 2.26
Ringanwada 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.56
Varkund 0.91 1.67 1.48 1.58 1.43 1.46 1.61 1.58 1.18 1.01 0.66 1.24 15.81
Dalwada 0.52 0.64 0.2 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.32 1.89 1.7 1.94 7.32
Bhimpore 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0.01 0 0 0.01 0.1
Kachigam 0.19 0.98 1.67 2 1.64 0.93 1.45 0.9 0.11 1.06 0.79 0.73 12.46
Total 2.24 3.54 3.54 3.82 3.31 2.6 3.43 2.62 1.79 4.13 3.31 4.13 38.51
Total 11 Kv Bus losses in various 66 Kv S/s in Magarwada stream are 38.51 MU.
Total Losses
Total Losses 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total
Magarwada 0.64 0.28 0.21 0.21 0.16 0.19 0.24 0.14 0.15 0.19 0.17 0.19 2.82
Ringanwada 0.08 0.13 0.1 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.15 1.52
Varkund 1.04 1.8 1.6 1.68 1.56 1.58 1.74 1.67 1.29 1.12 0.77 1.22 17.08
Dalwada 0.78 0.89 0.39 0.04 0.13 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.67 2.12 1.92 2.25 9.33
Bhimpore 0.16 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.18 0.23 0.12 0 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 1.18
Kachigam 0.7 1.5 2.16 2.58 2.2 1.49 2.02 1.4 0.35 1.11 1.29 1.23 18.04
Total 3.4 4.68 4.55 4.79 4.36 3.66 4.33 3.37 2.63 4.7 4.33 5.08 49.97
Summarizing the substation wise energy balance in Magarwada stream during period 1st April 11 to 31st
March 12 is as tabulated below:
11 Kv Bus Total
66 Kv Substation Total Import X'mation losses losses Losses Export % Loss
S/S Gross
Import Purchase
Magarwada 114.04 0.56 2.26 2.82 111.22 2.47 0.13
Ringanwada 210.69 0.96 0.56 1.52 209.17 0.72 0.07
Varkund Bus 115.24 1.27 15.81 17.08 98.16 14.82 0.77
Dalwada 383.15 2.01 7.32 9.33 373.82 2.44 0.42
Bhimpore 112.13 1.08 0.1 1.18 110.95 1.05 0.05
Kachhigam 442.64 5.58 12.46 18.04 424.6 4.08 0.81
1377.89 11.46 38.51 49.97 1327.92 3.63 2.25
3%
6%
36%
34%
19%
2%
The above chart clearly identifies Kachigam & Varkund S/S as major sources of losses which are
required to be targeted on priority basis for corrective action as losses in these s/s collectively
contribute to about 70 % of total losses at 11Kv level in Magarwada stream.
The Month wise particulars of total import at 66 kv level & total export at 11 Kv level during the period
1st April, 13 to 31st March, 14 are tabulated as below:
13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total
66 Kv Import 116.47 116.82 116.38 121.61 120.82 117.11 119.19 101.21 114.13 112.43 104.3 117.54 1377.93
X'mation losses 1.16 1.14 1.01 0.97 1.05 1.06 0.9 0.75 0.84 0.57 1.02 0.95 11.46
11 Kv bus losses 2.24 3.54 3.54 3.82 3.31 2.6 3.43 2.62 1.79 4.13 3.31 4.13 38.51
Total Losses 3.4 4.68 4.55 4.79 4.36 3.66 4.33 3.37 2.63 4.7 4.33 5.08 49.97
Total export 113.07 112.14 111.83 116.82 116.46 113.45 114.86 97.84 111.5 107.73 99.97 112.46 1327.96
1453.36 M units
11.46 M units
11 Kv Bus
11 Kv Bus loss
38.51 M Units
In order to have comprehensive picture of losses from main 220 Kv incoming feeders to all out going
11 Kv feeders, it is necessary to combine the losses as worked out earlier upto 66 Kv with those worked
out from 66 Kv level to 11 Kv level.
Magarwada sream 12-Apr 12-May 12-Jun 12-Jul 12-Aug 12-Sep 12-Oct 12-Nov 12-Dec 13-Jan 13-Feb 13-Mar Total
Total 220 Kv Import 118.46 118.84 118.26 123.58 122.58 118.79 120.94 103.05 122.43 139.29 126.97 143.45 1476.65
66 Kv Transformation
losses
0.81 0.81 0.77 0.8 0.86 0.79 0.83 0.72 0.66 0.78 0.67 0.8 9.3
Sub Transmission losses 1.17 1.2 1.13 1.18 0.89 0.91 0.95 1.13 0.93 1.44 1.39 1.67 13.99
66/11 kvX'mation losses 1.16 1.14 1.01 0.97 1.05 1.06 0.9 0.75 0.84 0.57 1.02 0.95 11.46
11 Kv bus losses 2.24 3.54 3.54 3.82 3.31 2.6 3.43 2.62 1.79 4.13 3.31 4.13 38.51
Total Losses 3.4 4.68 4.55 4.79 4.36 3.66 4.33 3.37 2.63 4.7 4.33 5.08 49.97
66/11 Kv Export 113.07 112.14 111.83 116.82 116.46 113.43 114.83 97.83 111.48 107.71 99.92 112.46 1327.98
Dabhel 6.73 24.65 20.66 23.43 75.47
Total export 113.07 112.14 111.83 116.82 116.46 113.43 114.83 97.83 118.21 132.37 120.58 135.89 1403.46
220 KV Magarwada
66 Kv Magarwada
13.99 M units
1377.93 MU
66 Kv Bus in S/S
11.46 M units
11 Kv Bus loss
38.51 M Units
From above it can be seen that total losses up to 11 Kv bus level in substations in Magarwada network
during the period 1st April, 13 to 31st March 14 are 4.95 % of total import in Magarwada network & 3.29
% of total purchased energy in year 2013-14. The graphical representation of losses is as below:
38.46
13.99 11.42
9.3
220/66 Kv X'mation losses Sub Transmission losses 66/11 kv X'mation losses 11 Kv bus losses
95%
The other energy stream in Daman distribution network is from Dabhel S/s. The electric supply is
received at 66 Kv level at Dabhel S/s from Vapi S/s of GETCO through double circuit feeder. Since
December 13 part of energy (75.46 MU) at Dabhel S/s is being supplied from Magarwada 220 Kv S/s via
Kachigam – Dabhel link. Losses incurred during the such transmission from Kachigam S/s are 0.39 MU.
The power is then stepped down to 11 kv level through 6 nos. of transformers for downstream
distribution.
Dabhel 66 Kv S/s 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total
66 Kv Import 61.01 54.18 54.79 58.77 60.4 59.94 56.82 51.26 56.9 59.21 53.5 59.39 686.2
66 Kv Consumer 28.82 25.7 27.18 30.01 30.01 29.86 27.04 26.28 28.91 30.94 29.59 32.38 346.7
66 Kv Bus 32.19 28.48 27.61 28.76 30.39 30.08 29.77 24.98 27.99 28.26 23.91 27.01 339.5
11 Kv Export 32.07 28.35 27.07 28.03 30.01 29.51 29.28 24.53 27.68 28.24 23.9 26.94 335.6
The month wise the total of 66/11 Kv transformation & 11 Kv bus losses are tabulated below:
13- 13- 13- 13- 13- 13- 13- 13- 13- 14- 14- 14-
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Total
X'mer losses 0.08 0.1 0.28 0.34 0.15 0.32 0.23 0.19 0.06 0.02 0 0.01 1.77
11 Kv bus Losses 0.05 0.03 0.26 0.4 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.01 0 0.05 2.06
11 Kv Export 32.07 28.35 27.07 28.03 30.01 29.51 29.28 24.53 27.68 28.24 23.9 26.94 335.6
66 Kv Consumer 28.82 25.7 27.18 30.01 30.01 29.86 27.04 26.28 28.91 30.94 29.59 32.38 346.7
Thus the total losses of 3.83 MU were incurred in Dabhel 66 Kv substation during the period between
April-13 to March14. These losses are worked out to be 0.56 % of total energy import of 686.17 MU
during this period. The energy balance of Dabhel 66 Kv S/S is as below:
The single line diagram showing energy balance at Dalwada S/S is as below
686.17 M Units
66 Kv Bus in S/S
11 Kv Bus
11 Kv Bus loss
2.06 M Units
100%
Thus it can be seen that % loss upto 11 Kv feeders in case of Dabhel S/S about 0.56 % of Energy received
at Dabhel S/s.
The total substation wise classification of losses in entire Daman territory upto 11 kv feeders in substation
is compiled in the table below:
Total Import X'mation losses 11 Kv Bus losses Total Losses Export % Loss
90%
X'mation
losses
85%
80% Export
75%
Magarwada Ringanwada Varkund Bus Dalwada Bhimpore Kachhigam Dabhel
The above chart indicates that the losses in Varkund S/s & Kachigam S/s are 15 % & 4 % of energy
imports respectively . In remaining substations in Daman territory the losses are about 2- 3 % of energy
imports which are within limits.
The energy balance of Daman & Diu distribution system can be arrived at, if energy balance in Dabhel
stream is combined with that of Diu stream.
0% 1% 2% 1%
5%
91%
Thus the losses in Daman & Diu distribution network are 9 % out of which 3.5 % losses are incurred up
to 11 Kv bus in substations. These losses are purely technical losses. The distribution losses in Daman &
Diu in downstream network from 66/11 Kv substations are 5.16 % & comprises of both technical as well
as commercial losses. The chart showing share each category of losses occurring in distribution network
of Daman is presented below:
5%
8%
7%
58% 22%
The above chart brings out that distribution losses in down stream network of 66/11 Kv substations are
58 % of total losses being incurred in Daman& Diu distribution network. In order to cause reduction in
these losses it is necessary to segregate of distribution losses. The work of segregation of distribution
losses will be taken up in second phase. EDDD has already taken up the work of consumer indexing and
in final stages of completion. EDDD also has decided to take up the work of DT metering.
The distribution losses in downstream network from 66/11 Kv substations which amount to about 5.16 %
of total purchased energy comprise of technical & commercial losses. The technical losses are losses in
various components of distribution system such as transformers, switchgears, overhead feeder lines,
underground cables, meters, capacitors etc. & commercial losses are incurred due to errors in meter
reading, error in billing, defect in meters, tampering in meters & un-metered unauthorized supply (
theft of electricity). The commercial losses can be eliminated by proper control over metering & billing
system backed by effective vigilance team capable of detecting the tampering in metering system & theft
of electricity.
However in order to achieve reduction in losses it is necessary to segregate the distribution losses in
technical & commercial losses. It has been proposed to take up this work in second phase of energy audit
after completion the work of consumer indexing & DT metering. The work of rectification of errors in
energy meters in Diu S/s is also proposed to be completed. The segregation of loses would help to
identify the major source of losses so as to focus on specific feeder, Distribution transformer centre or HT
consumer.
220/66 Kv losses
Transmission losses
The EDDD receives the supply from the western grid from 220 KV S/S Ambetti S/S, Vapi S/S &
Kansari S/S. The feeding points outgoing to Magarwada, Dabhel & Diu respectively are the input nodes
of supply for EDDD & it has to bear all the losses beyond these points. The power is transmitted through
220 double circuit lines from Ambetti to Magarwada whereas it is transmitted through 66 Kv double
circuit lines in case of Vapi to Dabhel & Kansari to Diu.
The details of transmission network, energy wheeled, transmission losses during the period 1st April, 13 to
31st March, 14 is given in the table below:
Energy
Conducto No. of Lengt wheele Transmission
Sr. No Transmission line r circuits h d Losses % Loss
From To Kms MU MU
1 Ambetti Magarwada Zebra Double 25.71
2 Magarwada Kachigam Panther Double 2.8 521.2 3.1 0.59
3 Kachigam Dabhel Panther Single 3.5 75.49 0.39 0.51
4 Magarwada Ringanwada Panther Single 3.8 432.76 3.04 0.7
5 Magarwada Varkund Panther Single 3.65 399.32 1.36 0.34
6 Ringanwada Varkund Panther Single 2.64 219.03 0.76 0.35
7 Varkund Dalwada Panther Double 3.4 500.99 4.48 0.89
8 Dalwada Bhimapore 1.8 113.36 1.23 1.09
The drawl during the period 1st April, 13 to 31st March, 14 was 2043.49 MU & the transmission losses at
this drawl are found to be 7.99 MU .
The transmission losses are basically ohmic heat losses due to flow of current in feeder conductors.
Normally these losses are proportional to square of current in the feeder & conductor resistance. The
In case of Daman distribution network the supply is received at 220 Kv at Magarwada S/s which is then
stepped down to 66 Kv level & transmitted further to Ringanwada S/s, Kachigam S/s, Varkund S/s,
Dalwada S/s & Bhimpore S/s, Hence only in Magarwada energy flow stream the 220 /66 Kv
transformation & 66 Kv sub transmission losses occur. In other streams the supply is received directly
at 66 Kv at Dabhel S/s in Daman region & at Una S/s in Diu region. In current year, part of energy 75.49
MU was supplied through Magarwada stream via Kachigam to Dabhel link.
The transmission losses in various 66 Kv feeders going to various substations in during period April 13
to March 14 are as below:
3.04
1.73
1.37 1.36 1.23
0.76
0.39
66 Kv feeders originating from Magarwada S/s to Ringanwada & Varkund S/s are required to wheel the
combined load of Ringanwada, Varkund , Dalwada & Bhimapore S/s. Hence the transmission losses for
wheeling the energy to Dalwada are distributed over remaining 66 Kv feeders. Similarly The 66 Kv
feeder to Kachigam S/s is feeding combined load of Kachigam & part load of Dabhel S/s. Hence the
transmission losses in these feeders are allocated to each substation in proportion of the energy distributed
by respective substation. The substation wise allocation of sub transmission loss is as below:
13% 21%
4%
10%
51%
1%
From above it can be seen that the 90 % of sub transmission losses are contributed by feeders supplying
energy to Dalwada & Bhimapore S/s.
The share of above referred substations in energy exported from Magarwada S/S is shown in the chart
below:
8%
33%
29%
6%
8%
16%
From above two charts it can be seen that though the energy exported to combined load of Dalwada &
Bhimapore s/s is about 37 % of total energy exported from Magarwada, the transmission losses for these
substations forms about 64% of total transmission losses due to longer distance from feeding point.
The conductors of transmission lines in Diu & Daman 66 Kv transmission network are panther ACSR conductors
having conductor area of 212 sq.mm. The total area of the conductor including that of steel conductor is 261.5 sq.
mm. The weight of conductor per Km is 974 Kg/ Km.
Now a days all aluminum alloy conductors made up of Aluminium-magnesium silicon alloy are available containing
magnesium (0.6—0.9 %) & silicon (0.5—0.9 %) to give it better mechanical properties. AAAC conductor has
better corrosion resistance& better strength to weight ratio. The AAAC conductor has better conductivity than
ACSR conductor on equal diameter basis.
In view of availability of alternate conductor configuration having improved resistance, it is proposed to replace the
existing panther ACSR conductor by Panther Up conductor .The comparison of panther ACSR conductor with that
of various AAAC conductors is as below:
Conductor Resistance
area Diameter weight at 20 0 C
Sq. mm mm Kg/km ohm/km
Panther ACSR 212 21 974 0.139
wolf AAAC 173 17 474 0.197
Panther Up I AAAC 288 22.05 794 0.118
Panther Up II AAAC 346 24.15 953 0.098
The transmission lines between Magarwada to Kachigam & Varkund to Dalwada are double circuit feeders. The
estimated transmission losses in these transmission lines under various options of conductor are as below:
From above table it can be seen that there is potential of annual savings to tune of about 4.35 to 5.29 MU in
transmission losses in case of double circuit feeders between Magarwada to Kachigam S/s and Varkund S/s to
Dalwada S/s. The selection of appropriate conductor can be done after consideration of other technical parameters
like ground clearances, sag, weight, other clearances etc.
At present there is no direct feeder between Magarwada to Dalwada S/s. The energy has to be transmitted
through 66 Kv lines between Magarwada to Ringanwada & Varkund and Ringanwada to Varkund in
addition to line between Varkund S/s to Dalwada S/s. Out of these lines, 66 Kv lines between Magarwada
to Ringanwada & Varkund and Ringanwada to Varkund are single circuit feeders. The line conductors are
of panther ACSR type. The line between Magarwada to Ringanwada is carrying the load of about 470
ampere & has reached its maximum capacity.
The saving potential pertaining to transmission losses in period 1st April 13 to 31st March 14 by changing
existing ACSR conductor by AAAC conductor in single as well as double circuit configuration is worked
out in the table below:
Kachigam Dabhel 0.39 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.035 0.03
Magarwada Varkund 1.36 1.76 1.67 1.76 1.66 0.88 0.835 0.88 0.83
Ringanwada Varkund 0.76 0.51 0.36 0.43 0.36 0.255 0.18 0.215 0.18
Dalwada Bhimpore 1.23 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.045 0.035 0.04 0.035
Total 6.78 5.26 4.16 4.73 4.14 2.63 2.08 2.365 2.07
From the above table it is clear that there is annual saving potential of 1.52 MU to 2.62 MU in case only existing
panther ACSR conductors are replaced by suitable AAAC .
However if the existing single circuit is converted into double circuit using suitable AAAC conductors, the annual
saving potential is to tune of 4.15 MU to 4.7 MU .
The feasibility study will have to be carried out considering the tower design, right of way, clearances, sag etc,
Thus the total annual saving potential by conversion of single circuit feeders to double circuit feeders & change over
to AAAC conductors is almost 4.7 MU out of existing annual sub transmission losses of 6.78 MU. These remaining
transmission losses can be further reduced to 25 % if existing transmission voltage is increased to 132 Kv by
installing 220 /1110 Kv transformers at 220 Kv substation & 132 Kv/11 Kv transformers at existing 66 Kv
substations. Moreover the suitability of tower height for requisite clearances, sag, arm length, wind pressure, span,
right of way as well as capital expenditure & its viability has to be studied further in detail.
The transmission lines have to wheel active as well as reactive power. The reactive current causes
additional distribution losses in transmission lines & transformers. Due to drawl of reactive power causes
decrease in the power factor. The power factor of various transformers in substations is as below:
PF 0.96 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.97 0.96 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.97
The power factor in case of all transformers in substations is found to be in range of 0.94 to 0.98. Due to
low power factor the distribution / transmission system has to carry the load of reactive power. If the
reactive power is compensated locally at sub stations by installing capacitors of requisite ratings, the
upstream network will be relieved by reactive current.
The instantaneous values of active, reactive & apparent power at 66 Kv for various feeders is as below:
By improving the power factor, the apparent power & current can be reduced by 5 % which can bring
upon reduction in transmission losses & transformer load losses to extent of 9.75 %. The improvement in
PF can cause the reduction in demand by about 5 %.
At present the total sub transmission losses & 66/11 Kv transformation losses at 66 Kv during the period
1st April 13 to 31st March 14 are 27.59 MU. The 220 Kv transmission losses during the period 1st April 13 to
The 66/11 transformation losses during the period 1st April 13 to 31st March 14 are worked out to be 13.23
MU. As the no load losses particulars of transformer are not available, the exact reduction in transformer
load losses cannot be computed. However, if we assume the no load losses to be 20 % on conservative
basis, the load losses would approximately be about 10.6 M units. Thus with improvement in power
factor to unity, the reduction of 1.03 M units can be achieved in transformer load losses. Moreover due to
improvement in power factor the secondary voltage will increase causing proportionate reduction in
current in secondary side which will also lead to reduction in distribution losses & voltage drop. At
present the voltage was observed to be in the range of 63 to 64 Kv. With the reactive power
compensation, the voltage will be improved by about 5 % to 66 Kv.
The improvement in power factor would also result in reduction in instantaneous demand relieving the
load on upstream transmission grid as well as generating system causing surplus energy out of predefined
allocation. The reduction in demand will result in reduction in demand charges.
Thus there is saving potential of 3.21 MU per annum by way of improvement of power factor by
installing capacitors of about 82 MVAR in the system at various stages. The detailed proposal of
cost benefit analysis will be furnished in second phase of Energy audit.
The share of total losses in Diu & Daman distribution system is shown in chart below:
5%
4%
7%
7%
56%
21%
The distribution losses contribute almost 56 % of total losses, being incurred in distribution system in
entire territory of EDDD. Out of total losses of 193.14 MU, the major chunk of losses is contributed by
distribution losses. These losses are required to be segregated in commercial & technical losses so as to
take maximum efforts for minimizing commercial losses. Since the segregation of these losses is
proposed to be taken up in second phase of energy audit, the saving opportunities will be presented after
its segregation.
The second largest chunk of above pie is that of 11 Kv bus losses which form 21 % of losses.
In view of high % of 11 kv bus losses, it is necessary to find out substation wise share of 11 Kv bus
losses. The bus losses as computed at each substation during the period 1st April 13 to 31st March 14 are as
below:
The % share of each substation in total 11 Kv bus losses is given in the chart below:
31%
39%
18%
0%
The chart showing bus losses as % of energy exported from respective substation is given in the chart below:
90%
85%
Export
80%
75%
Magarwada Ringanwada Varkund Bus Dalwada Bhimpore Kachhigam Dabhel
The bus losses are proportional to square of current flowing in bus & effective resistance of bus. The bus
resistance depends on its cross section area & resistivity as well as contact resistance at various tapings of
feeders.
In Daman system there are 26 nos. of 11 Kv bus. The values of average bus resistances at various sub
stations are worked out and comparison of bus resistance is given in the chart below:
0.52
0.25 0.33
0.04 0.02 0.03
From above it can be seen that average bus resistance at Dabhel S/s & Ringanwada s/s are least. As seen
earlier, the bus losses at Varkund, Kachigam, Dalwada, & Magarwada S/s are more than 2% of energy
exported from that substation. However the high bus loses in case of Dalwada S/s is due to high amount
of energy handled by the Dalwada S/s whereas the bus losses in case of Magarwada S/s is due to high bus
resistance The bus losses in case Dalwada & Kachigam S/s are high due to high current on 11 Kv side as
losses in bus are proportional to square of current in bus. The management of EDDD should take effective
steps in reducing current as well as the effective bus resistance. There is good potential of saving of at
least 15 % of bus losses in case of Varkund, Kachigam, Dalwada, & Magarwada S/S.
The bus resistance can be reduced by replacing the bus by that of material having better conductivity like
copper , or by bus having higher cross section area & providing bimetallic stripe between aluminum lug
& copper bus, cleaning the contact surface between bus & feeder termination.
The resistance is proportional to the temperature & changes with the temperature. Hence the knowledge
of temperature at various tapings, joints of bus will give fair picture about resistance. Now a days good
quality of thermal imagers are available which can give complete picture of thermal profile of bus &
transmission lines so that corrective action as regards to reduction in contact resistance can be taken up.
The bus losses during the period between 1st April 13 to 31st March 14 were computed to be 40.5 MU out of
which 37.85 MU are being incurred at Varkund, Kachigam, Dalwada, & Magarwada S/s. There is saving
potential of 5.67 MU in bus losses by taking measures to reduce bus & contact resistance at these four substations.
Sr.
No. Saving Potential MU % Savings
Gross Energy Drawl at
Purchase T<>D interface
1 Reconductoring of Transmission line
Magarwada-Kachigam I 2.03
Kachigam-Dabhel 0.33
Magarwada -Ringanwada Line 1.04
Ringanwada-Varkund Line 0.4
Varkund-Dalwada line 3.26
Dalwada -Bhimpore 1.16
2 Conversion of single circuit to double circuit*
Kachigam-Dabhel 0.36
Magarwada Ringanwada Line 2.04
Magarwada Varkund Line 0.83
Ringanwada Varkund Line 0.58
Dalwada -Bhimpore 1.19
3 Improvement of power factor
Reduction in transmission losses 0.78
Reduction in sub transmission losses 1.39
Reduction in transformation losses 1.03
4 improvement in bus resistance
Reduction of bus resistance 5.67
Taking into consideration the various constraints for implementation of measures, suggested at Sr.No.1 to
2, the further detailed study is required to explore the feasibility & viability of opportunities. The next
maximum potential is in reduction in bus losses which is not capital intensive. Hence the m/s EDDD
should take corrective action in case of excessive bus losses at Varkund, Kachigam, Dalwada, &
Magarwada S/s & improvement of power factor.
The total T & D losses in distribution network of Electricity Department, Diu & Daman are 193.14 MU
which are 8.68 % of gross purchased energy & 9.01 % of energy drawl at transmission periphery. Out of
this, 3.98 % losses are being incurred during transmission & distribution of power from grid substations
up to 11 Kv bus in 66 / 11 Kv substations. Out of these3.98 % losses, T& D losses up to 66 Kv bus of the
system are 31.65 MU which are 1.48 % of Energy Drawl.
Remaining 5.03 % losses are being incurred in downstream network from 11 Kv bus of 66/11 Kv
substations. The losses in bulk power transmission ( 31.65 MU) at high voltage (220 Kv/66 Kv)are about
20 % as compared to losses in retail power transmission & distribution (161.49 MU) at medium & low
voltage (11 KV/ 430 Volts).
The potential of reduction in losses to tune of 0.8 % out of technical losses of 3.98 % has been
identified.
Magarwada S/s 66 Kv
Actions suggested:
The bus losses are at Magarwada 66 Kv S/s were found to be around 1.98 % of energy imported. The bus
losses are high, due to high effective resistance. In order to reduce the bus losses , it is imperative to
reduce the reduce the effective bus resistance.
Transmission losses:
The bus losses are at Varkund 66 Kv S/s were found to be around 13.7 % of energy imported. The bus
losses are high, due to high effective resistance. In order to reduce the bus losses, it is imperative to
reduce the reduce the effective bus resistance. It is also recommended to calibrate all meters at Varkund
S/s.
Transmission losses:
Transformation losses:
11 Kv Bus losses
Transformation losses: