YABA CLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

DEPARTMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING

QUS 308- CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLLOGY

TOPIC FINISHES (FLOOR FINISHES)

GROUP 7
NAMES MATRIC NUMBER
F/HD/19/3520013 AINOKO SARAH ELEJO
F/HD/19/3520017 SULAIMON AKEEM OLAWALE
F/HD/19/3520022 OPIA VERA
F/HD/19/3520024 ADEYOKUNNU ROMADE
F/HD/19/3520032 AYOOLA OWOLABI BAYODE

SUPERVISOR
MR INYANG UDOH U.

DATE
MARCH 2021
 INTRODUCTION
Finishes is one of the most important aspect in construcion works as far as the appearance of
the building is concerned. Different types of finishing materials have their unique quality,
functions and benefit as well as its disadvantages. That is why as a professional, we need a vast
knowlwdge of them so as to know the suitable type of finishes material to recommend to the
client.
Finishing s the process of installing finishing material in many cases the overall quality of the
buildingor structure is being out into services depends on the quality of execution.
Finishing can also be referred to a group of constructin operations carried out in the concluding
stage of construction toenhance their service and aesthetic of the exterior and interior surface
of buildng and structures.
According to the inspection carried out by the team of 5 people to 2 different site to see the
type of floor finishes being used, mehod of fixing, function and method of fixing the finishes
used. We discovered that the kind of floor finishes used is basically tiling works with different
materials based on the requirement of the client and the cost of the materials being used.

FLOOR FINISHES
Floor finishes are materials used to make the floor last longer than expected or durable. Floor
finishesare expected t be level, resonably resistant to wear, remain in safe condition and capble
of being easily maintained. The type of floor finishes to be applied to a floor depend on a
number of factors such as;
1. Room usage (whether for public or private use)
2. Degree of comfort required
3. Cost
4. Appearance
5. Safety
6. Individual preference

MATERIALS USED FLOOR FINISHES

The materials used floor finishes are;

1. Polishing machines
2. Chisels and hammers
3. Polishing stone
4. Set square
5. Measuring tape
6. Plumb bob
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF FLOOR FINISHES

1. Durability
2. Ease of cleaning
3. Noiseless
4. Apperance
5. Free from dampness
6. Fire resistance
7. Cost

According to the site visited by a team of 5 at Ikorodu to determing the type of floor finishes
used, reason for selecting the type of floor finishes used, process of applying or fixing the floor
finishes material.

The materials used for floor finishes is the tile. Tiles are thin objects, usually square or
rectangular in shape. A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic,

stone, metal, baked clay, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, or other
objects.
Fig.1 Typical tiles used for floor finishes (ceramic tiles) at a proposed bungalow in Ikorodu

This material was selected because it has the capability to withstand the transfer of water from the
lower floor part to the surface of floor which would degrage the level of aesthetic of the building, also it
reduces the level and intensity of scratch to the surface of the floor, it also has high resistance to heat in
such a way that it remains cool, tiles doesn't deteriorate, they last longer than any floor finishing
materials of well managed, also it is easy to clean and maintain, tiles can be great in heat conductivity
and they are also friendly and doesn't emmit harmful or violent gases

METHOD OF FIXING
According to the workmen on site after series of questions, we were able to establish the process and
method of fixing ceramic floor tiles
1. Preparation of floor surface: The floor surface is prepared by removing any materials which may
later grow or increase in size after a longer period of time. The floor is then moisturized with
water to make the cement and sand stick firmly to the existing floor
2. Choose the Starting point of laying tiles and the design or layout needed to be used or to be
incorporated to completely lay the tiles
3. Cut out the tiles needed to be layed on the paste prepared to receive tiles, after cutting the tiles
needed and carefully use a wooden mallet to hit the edge of the tiles, the four corners of the
tiles to make the tiles stick and be aligned with the other layed tiles and also to the tiles be well
fixed without lapses or any loser tiles
4. After successful laying or fixing tiles, the edges of the tiles are being grouted or fill the joints and
consolidate the floor into one mass
5. After successfully fixing and laying of the tiles, the workmen Spray water or largely pour water
on the layed tiles to allow it dry up without self cleaning or draining water. The water dries up
itself to show the well fixed and layed tiles
 Fig2. Grouted Floor.

The second site visited was a Construction of the external environment floor finishes. The reason for
select the external floor finish is because;
1. It doesn't crack easily or wear due to its usage
2. If after any default in the Finishes used, it is easy to replace
3. After installation, it doesn't require any number of days to allow for set, it is ready to go, ready
for use
4. The design to be incorporated are endless, it can take rectangular, circular or in a very complex
design depending on the preference of the client
5. It is a safer choice because it is non slip and it doesn't trip the users
6. Pavers are easy to
maintain with
regular
sweeping l,

occasionally sealing and rinsing of pavers which will increase the beauty of the pavers
7. Pavers are strong and reliable, especially for driveways. They can withstand any amount of
pressure or weight imposed on then
METHOD OF FIXING PAVERS
Paver can be laid, constructed or fixed in very different designs.
There are several steps in laying pavers and they are as follows;
1. The first step is to create a layer of about 100mm thick sharp sand bedding, creating necessary
level and sloping the the new surface away from the house which could be achieved by using a
leveller and a spirit level to check the slope
2. The second step is to compact the base using a regular compactor, before compaction can be
achieved the layer need to be wet to bind and trap the stones together. After compaction the
prepared ground is allowed to dry up to give a smooth and finished surface for the paver
3. After compaction, bedding sand are added to give the paver a flat and smooth surface to sit on
and also allowing for minor adjustments
4. After adding a bedding sand, a polythene sheets is been added to prevent the growth of grasses
and deep penetration of water into the ground or compacted soil with would make it lose
thereby causing pavers to move from its original position.
5. After the bedding sand are added, then the pavers are layed with caution to avoid irregularities
or too much space. The pavers are cut and lined up to fit the required space for the splitted
paver to fit in with the initial template being used
6. After Laying the pavers, the little space is filled with sand so as to allow the vibration to take
place well. The essence of filling the lines or gaps with sand is to discourage growth of grasses
from the ground
7. After filling the gaps of pavers, they are vibrated till the sands completely disappeared
8. After all these, the edges of the pavers are haunched with concrete to allow it sit and stay firm
in the ground
 Fig 3: Installation of
pavers

REFERENCES
1. SITE ENGINEER AT AGBOWA IKORODU LAGOS STATE, LIVING ROOM OF A 3 BUNGALOW.
2. HTTPS://WWW.GOOGLE.COM/SEARCH?Q=SIZE+OF+CERAMIC+FLOOR+TILES&SXSRF
3. CONSTRUCT AND BUILDING VOL.1
4. HTTPS://WWW.JK-GB.COM/FOR-ALL-TYPES-OF-FLOOR-FINISH.PHP
5. SITE ENGINEERS AT IGBOGBO KETU LAGOS