LIPIDS

Presented by….
Patel Hasti G.
M.Sc. sem 2
CBO 406
Department of Life Sciences
H.N.G.U. Patan
CONTENT:
 Introduction

 Occurrence of Lipids
 Characteristic of Lipids

 Classification of lipids

 Types of simple lipids

 Structure and function of simple lipids

(triglycerides and waxes)
 INTRODUCTION
 The word lipid is derived from a greek word “Lipos”
means Fat.
 These are heterogenous group of compounds

 Unlike Protein, Nucleic acid, Polysaccherides, Lipid

not polymer rather they are small molecules.
 They are water insoluble but soluble in organic solvent
such as Ether, Benzene, chloroform etc.
 lipids serve as fuel molecule, signal molecule and
component of membranes hormons and intracellular
messengers.
 Most lipids are non-polar and are hydrophobic
because they contain hydrocarbon chains.
 OCCURRENCE OF LIPID
 Lipids are present in all animal and plant tissues.
 In plants lipids are found in both vegetative and
reproductive parts.
 In reproductive structure like seed they are present in
higher amount whilst in vegetative structure in only
small amounts.
 In animals, they are found in blood muscles brain skin
membrane and other part of body.
 CHARACTERISTIC OF LIPIDS
 Lipids are insoluble in water and soluble in organic
compound.
 Lipid have high energy content and are metabolized to
release calories.
 Lipids also acts as electrical insulator they insulate
nerve axons.
 Fat contain saturated fatty acid they are solid at room
temperatures. e.g animal fat
 Plant fats are unsaturated and are liquid at room
temperature.
 Emulsification is the process by which a lipid mass is
converted to a number of small lipid droplets The
process of emulsification happens before the fats can be
absorbed by the intestinal walls.
 CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS
 Based on the chemical compound classification of
lipids are bellow :

A] phospholipids

1]saturated i) glycerophospholipid
ii) phosphoinositides
2] unsaturated
iii) phosphosphingosides
3] branched chain B] glycolipids
4] cyclic C] lipoprotien
 TYPES OF SIMPLE LIPIDS
1] Saturated fatty acids :
 Contain only single bond in their hydrocarbon chain
 The general formula for saturated fatty acid

R-COOH
where R is CH3(CH2)n, n is varies
from 0 to 24

 Example: Butaric acid :- CH3(CH2)2COOH

cerotic acid :- CH3(CH2)24COOH
2] Unsaturated fatty acid :
 Contain one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon
chain
 The general formula is follows:

R-CH=CH(CH2)n-COOH
 These acids are also characterized by the presences of
cis-trans isomerism at there double bonds.
 Example:- palmitoleic acid :

CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Archidonicacid :
CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2
CH=CH(CH2)3COOH
3] Branched chain fatty acids
 Contain odd number of carbon atoms
 The general formula is as follows:
CH3-CH2-CH-(CH2)n-COOH

CH3
4] Cyclic fatty acid:
 Reported from plants and bacteria and rare in higher
animal
 Example: chaulmoogic
CH=CH
CH(CH2)12COOH
CH2-CH2
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SIMPLE
LIPIDS
1] Triglycerides:

 Structure :-
 Function:

 One of the very important functions of triglycerides

and even more so the related phospholipides is that
they contribute to the structure of membrane by the
formation of lipid bilayer.

 Triglycerides provide some shock.

 They also provide thermal insulation.

 In food they provide flavor and palability they are used

as a source of energy.
2] Waxes :

 Structure :-

Example: Carnuba wax, Beeswax etc.

 Function:

 The wax prevents the plants from losing excessive

amount of water.
 Caenuba wax if found on the leaves of brazilian palm
trees and is used in floor and automobile waxes.
 Paraffin wax used in some candles is not based upon
the ester functional group, but is a mixture of high
molecule weight alkanes.
 The waxes provides protection from uv light, diseases
and insects and helps the plants resist drought and
other environmental stresses.
References :
 Fundamental of Biochemistry
By A C Deb
 Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology
By Varma S K and Varma Mohit
 www. Slideshare.com
 www. Lipidsimeges.com