Rawalpindi - Wikipedia

7/3/2021 Rawalpindi - Wikipedia
Coordinates: 33°36′N 73°02′E
Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi (pronounced [raːwəlˈpɪndi] ( listen) or /rɔːlˈpɪndi/;[2] Punjabi / Urdu:
‫راولپنڈی‬‎, romanized: Rāwalpinḍī ), colloquially known as Pindi (Punjabi: Rawalpindi
‫راولپنڈی‬
‫پݨڈی‬, romanized: Piṇḍī ), is the capital city of Rawalpindi Division located in the
Punjab province of Pakistan. Rawalpindi is the fourth-largest city proper in Metropolis
Pakistan, while the larger Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the country's
third largest metropolitan area. Rawalpindi is adjacent to Pakistan's capital of
Islamabad, and the two are jointly known as the "twin cities" on account of strong
social and economic links between the cities.[3]
Rawalpindi is located on the Pothohar Plateau, known for its ancient Buddhist
heritage, especially in the neighbouring town of Taxila – a UNESCO World
Heritage Site.[4] The city was destroyed during the invasion of Mahmud of
Ghazni before being taken over by Gakhars in 1493. In 1765, the ruling Gakhars
were defeated as the city came under Sikh rule, and eventually became a major
city within the Sikh Empire based in Lahore. The city was conquered by the
British Raj in 1849, and in 1851 became the largest garrison town of the British
Indian Army.[5] Following the partition of British India in 1947, the city became
home to the headquarters of Pakistan Army hence retaining its status as a major
military city.[6][7]
Construction of Pakistan's new purpose-built national capital city of Islamabad in

1961 led to greater investment in the city, as well as a brief stint as the country's
capital immediately before completion of Islamabad.[8] Modern Rawalpindi is
socially and economically intertwined with Islamabad, and the greater
metropolitan area. The city is also home to numerous suburban housing
developments that serve as bedroom-communities for workers in Islamabad.[9][10]
As home to the GHQ of the Pakistan Army & the former Benazir Bhutto
International Airport (now part of PAF Base Nur Khan), and with connections to
the M-1 and M-2 motorways, Rawalpindi is a major logistics and transportation
centre for northern Pakistan.[11] The city is also home to historic havelis and
temples, and serves as a hub for tourists visiting Rohtas Fort, Azad Kashmir,
Taxila and Gilgit-Baltistan.[12][13][14][15]
From top, left to right:
Contents Rawal Lake, Gulshan Dadan Khan

Mosque, Bahria Town, Rawat Fort, Christ
History Church, Rawalpindi Railway Station
Origins
Medieval
Mughal
Sikh Misl
Sikh Empire Emblem
British
Partition
Rawalpindi
Modern
Ojhri Camp disaster
Geography
Climate
Cityscape
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawalpindi 1/14
Demographics
Religion
Transportation
Public transportation
Road
Motorways
Rail
Air
Administrative divisions
Parks
Economy
Education
Media
Location in Pakistan
Recreation Show map of Punjab, Pakistan
Show map of Pakistan
See also
Show map of South Asia
References Show all
Bibliography Coordinates: 33°36′N 73°02′E
External links Country Pakistan

Province Punjab, Pakistan
District Rawalpindi
History Tehsils 8
Union councils 38
Government
Origins • Type Municipal Corporation
• Mayor Sardar Nasim Khan
The region around Rawalpindi has been inhabited for thousands of years. • Deputy Mayor Chaudhary Tariq
Rawalpindi falls within the ancient boundaries of Gandhara, and is in a region Mehmood
littered with Buddhist ruins. In the region north-west of Rawalpindi, traces have Area
been found of at least 55 stupas, 28 Buddhist monasteries, 9 temples, and various • City 259 km2 (100 sq mi)
artifacts in the Kharoshthi script.[16] • Metro 479 km2 (185 sq mi)
To the southeast are the ruins of the Elevation 508 m (1,667 ft)

Mankiala stupa – a 2nd-century stupa Population (2017)[1]
where, according to the Jataka tales, a • City 2,098,231
previous incarnation of the Buddha leapt • Rank 4th, Pakistan
off a cliff in order to offer his corpse to • Density 8,100/km2
seven hungry tiger cubs.[18] The nearby (21,000/sq mi)
town of Taxila is thought to have been • Metro 3,113,056
home to the world's first university.[19] Sir Time zone UTC+5 (PST)
Alexander Cunningham identified ruins • Summer (DST) PST
on the site of the Rawalpindi Cantonment
as the ancient city of Ganjipur (or Area code(s) 051
Gajnipur), the capital of the Bhatti tribe in Website www.rda.gop.pk (htt
Possible Kushano-Sasanian plate, the ages preceding the Christian era.[20] p://www.rda.gop.pk/)
excavated in Rawalpindi, 4th Rawalpindi received its name from early
century CE. British Museum Bhatti Rajput rulers in the region.
124093.[17]
Medieval
The first mention of Rawalpindi's earliest settlement dates from when Mahmud of Ghazni destroyed Rawalpindi and the town was
restored by Gakhar chief Kai Gohar in the early 11th century. The town fell into decay again after Mongol invasions in the 14th
century.[21] Situated along an invasion route, the settlement did not prosper and remained deserted until 1493, when Jhanda Khan
re-established the ruined town, and named it Rawal.[22]
Mughal
During the Mughal era, Rawalpindi remained under the rule of the Ghakhar clan, who in
turn pledged allegiance to the Mughal Empire. The city was developed as an important
outpost in order to guard the frontiers of the Mughal realm.[23] Gakhars fortified a nearby
caravanserai, in the 16th century, transforming it into the Rawat Fort in order to defend the
Pothohar plateau from Sher Shah Suri's forces.[24] Construction of the Attock Fort in 1581
after Akbar led a campaign against his brother Mirza Muhammad Hakim, further securing
Rawalpindi's environs.[20] In December 1585, the Emperor Akbar arrived in Rawalpindi,
and remained in and around Rawalpindi for 13 years as he extended the frontiers of the
empire,[23] in an era described as a "glorious period" in his career as Emperor.[23]
With the onset of chaos and rivalry between Gakhar chiefs after the death of Kamal Khan
in 1559, Rawalpindi was awarded to Said Khan by the Mughal Emperor.[25] The Emperor
Jehangir visited the royal camp in Rawalpindi in 1622, where he first learned of Shah
Abbas I of Persia's plan to invade Kandahar.[26] The "Fasting Buddha," on display at
the British Museum in London, was
discovered in Rawalpindi.
Sikh Misl
Rawalpindi declined in importance as Mughal power declined, until the town was captured
in the mid 1760s from Muqarrab Khan by the Sikhs under Sardar Gujjar Singh and his son
Sahib Singh.[25] The city's administration was handed to Sardar Milkha Singh, who then
invited traders from the neighbouring commercial centers of Jhelum and Shahpur to settle
in the territory in 1766.[21][25] The city then began to prosper, although the population in
1770 is estimated to have been only about 300 families.[27] Rawalpindi became for a time
the refuge of Shah Shuja, the exiled king of Afghanistan, and of his brother Shah Zaman in
the early 19th century.[20]
The 16th century Rawat Fort offered
military protection to Rawalpindi.
Sikh Empire
Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh allowed the son of Sardar Milkha Singh to continue as Governor of Rawalpindi, after Ranjit
Singh seized the district in 1810.[25] Sikh rule over Rawalpindi was consolidated by defeat of the Afghans at Haidaran in July
1813.[25] The Sikh rulers allied themselves with some of the local Gakhar tribes, and jointly defeated Syed Ahmad Barelvi at
Akora Khattak in 1827, and again in 1831 in Balakot.[25] Jews first arrived in Rawalpindi's Babu Mohallah neighbourhood from
Mashhad, Persia in 1839,[28] in order to flee from anti-Jewish laws instituted by the Qajar dynasty. In 1841, Diwan Kishan Kaur
was appointed Sardar of Rawalpindi.[25]
On 14 March 1849, Sardar Chattar Singh and Raja Sher Singh of the Sikh Empire surrendered to General Gilbert near Rawalpindi,
ceding the city to the British.[29] The Sikh Empire then came to an end on 29 March 1849.
British
Following Rawalpindi's capture by the British East India company, 53rd Regiment of the company army took quarters in the newly
captured city.[20] The decision to man a permanent military cantonment in the city was made in 1851 by the Marquess of
Dalhousie.[20] The city saw its first telegraph office in the early 1850s.[30] The city's Garrison Church was built shortly after in
1854,[20] and is the site where Robert Milman, Bishop of Calcutta, was buried following his death in Rawalpindi in 1876.[20] The
city was home to 15,913 people in the 1855 census.[27] During the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, the area's Gakhars and Janjua tribes
remained loyal to the British.[30]
Numerous civil and military buildings were built during the British era, and the Municipality of
Rawalpindi was constituted in 1867,[20] while the city's population as per the 1868 census was 19,228, with another 9,358 people
residing in the city's cantonment.[20] The city was also connected to railways that offered connection to India and the northwest
frontier in Peshawar in the 1880s.[20]

The Commissariat Steam Flour Mills were the first
such mills in Punjab, and supplied most of the needs of British cantonments throughout
Punjab.[20] Rawalpindi's cantonment served as a feeder to other cantonments throughout
the region.[20]
Rawalpindi flourished as a commercial centre, though the city remained largely devoid of
an industrial base during the British era.[20] A large portion of Kashmir's external trade
passing through the city; in 1885, 14% of Kashmir's exports, and 27% of its imports passed
through the city.[20] A large market was opened in central Rawalpindi in 1883 by Sardar Rawalpindi's Fatima Jinnah Women
Sujan Singh, while the British further developed a shopping district for the city's elite University is housed in a Victorian
known as Saddar with an archway built to commemorate Brigadier General Massey.[20] mansion.
Rawalpindi's cantonment became a major center of military power of the Raj after an
arsenal was established in 1883.[21] Britain's army elevated the city from a small town, to the third largest city in Punjab by
1921.[30] In 1868, 9,358 people lived in the city's cantonment – by 1891, the number rose to 37,870.[20] In 1891, the city's
population excluding the Cantonment was 34,153.[20] The city was considered to be a favourite first posting for newly arrived
soldiers from England, owing to the city's agreeable climate, and nearby hill station at nearby Murree.[20] In 1901, Rawalpindi was
made the winter headquarters of the Northern Command and of the Rawalpindi military division. Riots broke out against British
rule in 1905, following a famine in Punjab that peasants were led to believe was a deliberate act.[31]
During World War I, Rawalpindi District "stood first" among districts in recruiting for the British war effort, with greater financial
assistance from the British government channeled into the area in return.[30] By 1921, Rawalpindi's cantonment had overshadowed
the city - Rawalpindi was one of seven cities of Punjab in which over half the population lived in the cantonment district.[30]
Communal riots erupted between Rawalpindi's Sikh and Muslim communities in 1926 after Sikhs refused to silence music from a
procession that was passing in front of a mosque.[31]
HMS Rawalpindi was launched as an ocean liner in 1925 by Harland and Wolff, the same company which built RMS Titanic. The
ship was converted into an armed vessel, and was sunk in October 1939. The British government carried out poison gas testing on
Indian troops during the Rawalpindi experiments over the course of more than a decade beginning in the 1930s.[32]
Partition
On 5 March 1947, members of Rawalpindi's Hindu and Sikh communities took out a procession against the formation of a Muslim
ministry within the Government of Punjab. Policemen fired upon protestors, while Hindus and Sikhs fought against weaker
Muslim counter-protestors.[33] The area's first Partition riots erupted the next day on 6 March 1947, when the city's Muslims,
angered by the actions of Hindus and Sikhs and encouraged by the Pir of Golra Sharif, raided nearby villages after they were
unable to do so in the city on account of Rawalpindi's heavily armed Sikhs.[34]
At the dawn of Pakistan's independence in 1947 following the success of the Pakistan Movement, Rawalpindi was a 43.79%
Muslim, while Rawalpindi District as a whole was 80% Muslim.[35] The region, on account of its large Muslim majority, was thus
awarded to Pakistan. Rawalpindi's Hindu and Sikh population, who had made up 33.72% and 17.32% of the city,[35] migrated en
masse to the newly independent Dominion of India after anti-Hindu and anti-Sikh pogroms in western Punjab, while Muslim
refugees from India settled in the city following anti-Muslim pogroms in eastern Punjab and northern India.[34]
Modern
In the years following independence, Rawalpindi saw an influx of Muhajir, Pashtun and Kashmiri settlers. Having been the largest
British Cantonment in the region at the dawn of Pakistan's independence, Rawalpindi was chosen as headquarters for the Pakistani
Army, despite the fact that Karachi had been selected as the first capital.[36]
In 1951, the Rawalpindi conspiracy took place in which leftist army officers conspired to depose the first elected Prime Minister of
Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan.[36] Rawalpindi later became the site of the Liaquat Ali Khan's assassination, in what is now known as
Liaquat Bagh Park. In 1958, Field Marshal Ayub Khan launched his coup d'etat from Rawalpindi.[36] In 1959, the city became the
interim capital of the country under Ayub Khan, who had sought the creation of a new planned capital of Islamabad in the vicinity
of Rawalpindi. As a result, Rawalpindi saw most major central government offices and institutions relocate to nearby territory, and
its population rapidly expand.
Construction of Pakistan's new capital city of Islamabad in 1961 led to greater investment in Rawalpindi.[8] Rawalpindi remained
the headquarters of the Pakistani Army after the capital shifted to Islamabad in 1969, while the Pakistan Air Force continues to
maintain an airbase in the Chaklala district of Rawalpindi.[37][38] The military dictatorship of General Zia ul Haq hanged Pakistan's
deposed Prime Minister, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, in Rawalpindi in 1979.[39]
In 1980, tens of thousands of Shia protestors led by Mufti Jaffar Hussain marched on Rawalpindi to protest a provision of Zia ul
Haqs Islamization programme.[35] A spate of bombings in September 1987 took place in the city killing 5 people, in attacks that
are believed to have been orchestrated by agents of Afghanistan's communist government.[40]
Ojhri Camp disaster
On 10 April 1988, Rawalpindi's Ojhri Camp, an ammunition depot for Afghan mujahideen fighting against Soviet forces in
Afghanistan, exploded and killed many in Rawalpindi and Islamabad.[41][42] At the time, the New York Times reported more than
93 were killed and another 1,100 wounded;[43] many believe that the toll was much higher.[44]
Riots erupted in Rawalpindi in 1992 as mobs attacked Hindu temples in retaliation for the destruction of the Babri Masjid in India
by Hindu extremists.[35] In March 2003, Pakistani authorities captured Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, mastermind of the 11
September attacks in New York City. On 27 December 2007, Rawalpindi was the site of the assassination of former Prime
Minister Benazir Bhutto.[45]
Modern Rawalpindi is socially and economically intertwined with Islamabad, and the greater metropolitan area. The city is also
home to numerous suburban housing developments that serve as bedroom-communities for workers in Islamabad.[9][10] In June
2015, the Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus, a new bus rapid transit line with various points in Islamabad, opened for service.
Geography
Climate
Rawalpindi features a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa)[46] with hot and wet
summers, a cooler and drier winter. Rawalpindi and its twin city Islamabad, during the year
experiences an average of 91 thunderstorms, which is the highest frequency of any plain
elevation city in the country. Strong windstorms are frequent in the summer during which
wind gusts have been reported by Pakistan Meteorological Department to have reached
176 km/h (109 mph). In such thunder/wind storms, which results in some damage of
infrastructure.[47] The weather is highly variable due to the proximity of the city to the
foothills of Himalayas.
The average annual rainfall is 1,200 mm (47 in), most of which falls in the summer Satellite image of the Islamabad-
monsoon season. However, westerly disturbances also bring quite significant rainfall in the Rawalpindi metropolitan area.
winter. In summer, the record maximum temperature has soared to 48.4 °C (119 °F)
recorded in June 1954, while it has dropped to a minimum of −3.9 °C (25 °F) several
occasions, though the last of which was in January 1967.
Climate data for Rawalpindi
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high 26.7

29.4
35.6
41.1
45.6
47.7
47.2
43.9
42.7
37.8
33.3
27.8
47.7
°C (°F) (80.1) (84.9) (96.1) (106.0) (114.1) (117.9) (117.0) (111.0) (108.9) (100.0) (91.9) (82.0) (117.9)
Average 16.7
18.3
23.9
30.0
36.7
40.0
36.6
34.4
33.9
31.7
25.6
19.4
28.9
high °C (°F) (62.1) (64.9) (75.0) (86.0) (98.1) (104.0) (97.9) (93.9) (93.0) (89.1) (78.1) (66.9) (84.1)
Daily mean 10.0

11.9
16.9
22.5
28.6
32.2
30.8
29.4
27.2
22.7
16.1
11.4
21.6
°C (°F) (50.0) (53.4) (62.4) (72.5) (83.5) (90.0) (87.4) (84.9) (81.0) (72.9) (61.0) (52.5) (71.0)
Average low 3.3

5.6
10.4
15.3
20.6
24.5
25.0
24.4
21.6
14.5
6.7
3.3
14.6
°C (°F) (37.9) (42.1) (50.7) (59.5) (69.1) (76.1) (77.0) (75.9) (70.9) (58.1) (44.1) (37.9) (58.3)
Record low −3.9

−2.7
1.1
5.0
6.1
15.5
17.2
17.2
11.6
5.5
−0.5
−2.8
−3.9
°C (°F) (25.0) (27.1) (34.0) (41.0) (43.0) (59.9) (63.0) (63.0) (52.9) (41.9) (31.1) (27.0) (25.0)
Average
67.1
84.1
92.4
63.2
34.1
75.3
305.3
340.3
110.7
31.7
14.4
36.2
1,254.8
precipitation
(2.64) (3.31) (3.64) (2.49) (1.34) (2.96) (12.02) (13.40) (4.36) (1.25) (0.57) (1.43) (49.41)
mm (inches)
Average
precipitation 5 6 6 5 4 6 15 17 7 2 2 3 78
days
Source 1: Climate-Data.org, altitude: 497m[46]
Source 2: SCBM[48]
Cityscape
Social structures in Rawalpindi's historic core centre around neighbourhoods, each known as a Mohallah. Each neighbourhood is
served by a nearby bazaar and mosque, which in turn serve as a place where people can gather for trade and manufacturing.[49]
Each Mohallah has narrow gallies, and the grouping of houses around short lanes and cul-de-sacs lends a sense of privacy and
security to residents of each neighbourhood. Major intersections in the neighbourhood are each referred to as a chowk.
South of Rawalpindi's historic core, and across the Lai Nullah, are the wide lanes of the Rawalpindi Cantonment. With tree-lined
avenues and historic architecture, the cantonment was the main European area developed during British colonial rule. British
colonialists also built the Saddar Bazaar south of the historic core, which served as a retail center geared towards Europeans in the
city. Beyond the cantonment are the large suburban housing developments that serve as bedroom communities for Islamabad's
commuter population.[49]
Demographics
The population of Rawalpindi is 2,098,231 in 2017. 84% of the population is Punjabi, 9% is Pashtun, and 7% is from other ethnic
groups.
Religion Historical population

Year Pop. ±%
96.8% of Rawalpindi's population is Muslim, 2.47% is Christian, 0.73% belong to other 1855 15,913 —
religious groups. The city's Kohaati Bazaar is site of large Shia mourning-processions for 1868 28,586 +79.6%
Ashura.[53] The neighbourhoods of Waris Shah Mohallah and Pir Harra Mohallah form the 1881 52,975 +85.3%
core of Muslim settlement in Rawalpindi's old city. 1891 72,023 +36.0%
1901 87,688 +21.7%
Rawalpindi was a majority Hindu and Sikh city prior to the Partition of British India in 1911 86,483 −1.4%
1947,[54] while Muslims made up 43.79% of the population.[35] The Baba Dyal Singh 1921 101,142 +17.0%
Gurdwara in Rawalpindi was where the reformist Nirankari movement of Sikhism
1931 119,284 +17.9%
originated.[53] The city still has a small Sikh population, but has been bolstered by the
1941 185,000 +55.1%
arrival of Sikhs fleeing political instability in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.[55]
1951 237,000 +28.1%
1961 340,000 +43.5%
The city is still home to a few hundred Hindu families.[54] Despite the fact that the vast 1972 615,000 +80.9%
majority of the city's Hindus fled en masse to India after Partition, most Hindu temples in 1981 795,000 +29.3%
the old city remain standing, although in disrepair and often abandoned.[54] Many of the old 1998 1,409,768 +77.3%
city's neighbourhoods continue to bear Hindu and Sikh names, such as Krishanpura, Arya 2017 2,098,231 +48.8%
Mohallah, Akaal Garh, Mohanpura, Amarpura, Kartarpura, Bagh Sardaraan, Angatpura. 2020 2,237,000 +6.6%
Source: [50][51][52]
The Shri Krishna Mandir is the only functional Hindu temple in Rawalpindi.[56] It was built
in the Kabarri Bazaar in 1897.[54] Other temples are abandoned or were repurposed.
Rawalpindi's large Kalyan Das Temple from 1880 has been used as the "Gov't. Qandeel
Secondary School for the Blind" since 1973.[57][58] The Ram Leela Temple in Kanak
Mandi, and the Kaanji Mal Ujagar Mal Ram Richpal Temple in the Kabarri Bazaar, are
both currently used to house Kashmiri refugees. Mohan Temple in the Lunda Bazaar
remains standing, but is abandoned and the building no longer used for any purpose. The
city's "Shamshan Ghat" serves as the city's cremation grounds, and was partly renovated in
2012.[59]
The city's Babu Mohallah neighbourhood was once home to a community of Jewish traders
An abandoned Hindu Temple at
that had fled Mashhad, Persia in the 1830s.[28] The community had entirely emigrated to
Bagh Sardaran.
Israel by the 1960s.
In the British era many churches were built for the British soldiers to come to the churches
for Sunday prayer because
Rawalpindi Cantonment was the home for the British
Army.[28][60]
Transportation
Public transportation
The Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus is a 22.5 km (14.0 mi) bus rapid transit service that A street in Rawalpindi
connects Rawalpindi to Islamabad. The Metrobus network was opened on 4 June 2015, and
connects the Pak Secretariat in Islamabad to Saddar in Rawalpindi. A second stage is from
Peshawar Morr Interchange to the New Islamabad International Airport. The system uses e-ticketing and Intelligent Transportation
System wand and is managed by the Punjab Mass Transit Authority.
Road
Rawalpindi is situated along the historic Grand Trunk Road that connects Peshawar to Islamabad and Lahore. The road is roughly
paralleled by the M-1 Motorway between Peshawar and Rawalpindi, while the M-2 Motorway provides an alternate route to
Lahore via the Salt Range. The Grand Trunk Road also provides access to the Afghan border via the Khyber Pass, with onwards
connections to Kabul and Central Asia via the Salang Pass. The Karakoram Highway provides access between Islamabad and
western China, and an alternate route to Central Asia via Kashgar in the Chinese region of Xinjiang.
The Islamabad Expressway connects Rawalpindi's eastern portions with the Rawal Lake and heart of Islamabad. The IJP Road
separates Rawalpindi's northern edge from Islamabad.
Motorways
Rawalpindi is connected to Peshawar by the M-1 Motorway. The motorway also links Rawalpindi to major cities in the Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa province, such as Charsadda and Mardan. The M-2 motorway offers high speed access to Lahore via the Potohar
Plateau and Salt Range. The M-3 Motorway branches off from the M-2 at the city of Pindi Bhattian, where the M-3 offers onward
connections to Faisalabad, and connects to the M-4 Motorway which continues onward to Multan. A new motorway network is
under construction to connect Multan and Karachi as part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor. The Hazara Motorway is also
under construction as part of CPEC, and will provide control-access motorway travel all the way to Mansehra via the M-1 or
Grand Trunk Road.
Rail
Rawalpindi railway station in the Saddar neighbourhood serves as a stop along Pakistan's
1,687 kilometres (1,048 mi)-long Main Line-1 railway that connects the city to the port city
of Karachi to Peshawar. The stations is served by the Awam Express, Hazara Express,
Islamabad Express, Jaffar Express, Khyber Mail trains, and serves as the terminus for the
Margalla Express, Mehr Express, Rawal Express, Pakistan Express, Subak Raftar Express,
Green Line Express, Sir Syed Express, Subak Kharam Express, and Tezgam trains.
The entire Main Line-1 railway track between Karachi and Peshawar is to be overhauled at The M-2 motorway connects
a cost of $3.65 billion for the first phase of the project,[61] with completion by 2021.[62] Rawalpindi to Lahore, and is part of
Upgrading of the railway line will permit train travel at speeds of 160 kilometres per hour, a network of motorways under
versus the average 60 to 105 km per hour speed currently possible on existing track.[63] construction that will continue to the
port city of Karachi.
Air
Rawalpindi is served by the Islamabad International Airport. The airport is located in Fateh Jang, Attock. It offers non-stop flights
throughout Pakistan, as well as to the Middle East, Europe, North America, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.
Administrative divisions
The City-District of Rawalpindi is sub-divided into one Municipal Corporation Two
Cantonment Board and Seven tehsils:
Rawalpindi Municipal Corporation Rawalpindi City [1] (http://www.mcrawalpi

ndi.org/)
Rawalpindi Cantonment Board Rawalpindi Cantt [2] (https://rcb.gov.pk/)
Chaklala Cantonment Board Chaklala Cantt [3] (http://ccb.gov.pk/en)
Area
Population
Sr. Tehsil Headquarters

(km2) (2017)
1 Taxila Taxila NA 677,951

Administrative subdivisions of
2 Rawalpindi Rawalpindi NA 2,237,000 Rawalpindi District.
3 Gujar Khan Gujar Khan 1,466 678,503
4 Kallar Syedan Kallar Syedan 421 217,273
5 Kahuta Kahuta NA 220,576
6 Kotli Sattian Kotli Sattian NA 119,312
7 Murree Murree NA 233,471
Rawalpindi also holds many private colonies that have developed themselves rapidly, e.g. Gulraiz Housing Society, Korang Town,
Agochs Town, Ghori Town, Pakistan Town, Judicial Town, Bahria Town[64] which is the Asia's largest private colony, Kashmir
Housing Society, Danial Town, Al-Haram City, Education City, Gul Afshan Colony, Allama Iqbal Colony.
Parks
Ayub National Park is located beyond the old Presidency on Jhelum Road. It covers an area of about 2,300 acres (930 ha) and has a
playland, lake with boating facility, an aquarium and a garden-restaurant. Rawalpindi Public Park is on Murree Road near
Shamsabad. The Park was opened to the public in 1991. It has a playland for children, grassy lawns, fountains and flower beds.
In 2008 Jinnah Park was inaugurated at the heart of Rawalpindi and has since become a hotspot of activity for the city. It houses a
state-of-the-art cinema, Cinepax,[65] a Metro Cash and Carry supermart, an outlet of McDonald's, gaming lounges, Motion Rides
and other recreational facilities. The vast lawns also provide an adequate picnic spot.[66][67]
Rawalpindi is situated near the Ayub National Park formerly known as 'Topi Rakh' (keep
the hat on) is by the old Presidency, between the Murree Brewery Co. and Grand Trunk
Road. It covers an area of about 2,300 acres (930 ha) and has a play area, lake with boating
facility, an aquarium, a garden-restaurant and an open-air theater. This park hosts "The
Jungle Kingdom" which is particularly popular among young residents.[68]
Liaquat Bagh, formerly known as the "company bagh" (East India Company's
Garden), is of great historical interest. The first prime minister of Pakistan,
Liaquat Ali Khan, was assassinated here in 1950. Pakistan's Prime Minister
Benazir Bhutto was assassinated here on 27 December 2007. She was the
youngest and the only woman to be elected as Prime Minister of Pakistan. The gate of Paharwala Fort.
Rawalpindi Public Park (previously Nawaz Sharif Park, renamed Iqbal Park in
2019[69]) is located on Murree Road just opposite to the Arid Agriculture
University Rawalpindi. The park was opened in 1991. It has a play area for
children, lawns, fountains and flower beds. A cricket stadium was built in 1992
opposite the public park. Several matches in the 1996 World Cup were held on
this cricket ground.
Economy
A view of Rawal Lake
Education
Rawalpindi District is home to 2,463 government public schools, out of which 1706 are
primary schools, 306 middle schools, 334 are high schools, while 117 are higher education
colleges.[70]
97.4% of children ages 6–16 in urban areas of Rawalpindi District are enrolled in school – the
third highest percentage in Pakistan after Islamabad and Karachi.[71] 77.1% of Rawalpindi's
students in Class 5 are able to read sentences in English.[71] 27% of children in Rawalpindi
attend paid private schools.[72]
Govt College for Women
Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Rawalpindi, established in 1978
to conduct SSC and HSSC examinations.
Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University (also known as Barani University) is a renowned public university
offering research and education in a number of fields and specializing in agriculture. It is on the Murree Road and is
placed near other landmarks of the city including the Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, Nawaz Sharif Park, Rawalpindi
Arts Council etc. Arid University is the only university providing agriculture related degrees in Rawalpindi and
Islamabad.
Army Medical College is also known as the College of Medical Sciences and is on Abid Majid Road in Rawalpindi.
Separate computer labs are available for post-graduate and undergraduate students. Other facilities in the campus
include a library, cafeteria, college mosque, swimming pool, gym, squash court, and auditorium. There are seven
hostels for male and female students near the college campus.
College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering is located on Grand Trunk Road in Rawalpindi, EME is the largest
constituent college of NUST.[73] The campus includes all on-campus facilities, auditorium and conference hall,
accommodation and mess facilities. The library is fully computerized, with a collection of 70,000 volumes.
Military College of Signals is on Hamayun Road in Rawalpindi Cantt; it is the oldest constituent college of NUST,
founded in 1947 after the independence of Pakistan to train the members of Pakistan Armed Forces. The College
of Telecommunication Engineering is located on this campus. The MCS library is computerized, with over 55,000
volumes.
Rawalpindi Medical University provides education in health care. It is a comprehensive, state-assisted institution. It
was established in March 1974.It has the highest enrollment of 350 students among medical colleges in Pakistan.
The Rawalpindi Public Library was one of the earliest private public libraries organized after separation from India.
The building was donated for a public library by the then-Deputy Commissioner Major Davis on the initiative of
philanthropist Khurshid Anwar Jilani, an attorney, writer and social worker. However, the building was confiscated
for election and political campaigning during the last days of Field Marshal Ayub Khan's reign, and rare
manuscripts and artifacts were taken away by the influential.
Fatima Jinnah Women University The first ever Women University of Pakistan
Gordon College Rawalpindi is one of the oldest colleges located in the heart of the city. It was established in 1872.
College offers Graduate and master's degree program. Historically the college has been known for its cultural
activities as it has one of the largest auditorium in which stage dramas and other programs were regularly
conducted. College remained co-education until the early 1970s but after Zia-ul-Haq regime it was converted to
boys only.
Foundation University RWP Campus located in new lalazar alongside FFCB.They offer mainly IT and Biotech
related courses like Phd in Computer Science etc.[74]
Media
Rawalpindi, being so close to the capital, has an active media and newspaper climate. There are over a dozen of newspaper
companies based in the city including Daily Nawa-i-Waqt, Daily Jang, Daily Asas, The Daily Sada-e-Haq, Daily Express, Daily
Din, Daily Aajkal Rawalpindi, Daily Islam, and Daily Pakistan in Urdu and Dawn, Express Tribune, Daily Times, The News
International and The Nation in English.
There are a large number of Cable TV service providers in the city such as Nayatel, PTCL, SA Cable Network and DWN.
Pakistan
Broadcasting Corporation has a centre in Rawalpindi
Television channels based in Rawalpindi include:
ATV
Lights Asia
Aapna Channel
Pothohari TV (Regional language channel)
City 51
Pahariwood Network (Regional language channel)
K2 TV
Oxygene TV
Samaa News
Recreation
In mid-2012 3D cinema, The Arena, started its operations in Bahria Town Phase-4 in
Rawalpindi.[75][76]
Rawalpindi Golf Course was completed in 1926 by Rawalpindi Golf Club, one
of the oldest golf clubs of Pakistan. The facility was initially developed as a
nine-hole course. After several phases of development, it is now a 27-hole
course and the biggest in Pakistan.[77] From the clubhouse, there is a
panoramic view of Faisal Mosque, the twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi.
Major domestic golf tournaments are regularly held here. I Love Rawalpindi signboard outside
Punjab House.
Playland is another public park parallel to Ayub Park
In 2019, after the Army Heritage Foundation took over Ayub park from
Chaklala Cantonment Board, a new amusement park called JoyLand was opened on the site of a previously failed
project.[78] This newly developed park has a number of rides and activities for visitors, from the relaxing Ferris
wheel to the daring Discovery. All rides are imported and meet safety standards. JoyLand is the only amusement
park in Pakistan that is ISO 9001:2008 certified.[79]
See also
Lal Haveli
Rawalpindi Gazetteer
Christ Church Rawalpindi
Military Hospital Rawalpindi
Murree Road
Pakhral
Dhamial
Central Jail Rawalpindi
General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)
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External links
City District Government Rawalpindi, Official Website, archived at 13 March 2008 (https://web.archive.org/web/200
80313180203/http://www.rawalpindi.gov.pk/)
Rawalpindi (Pakistan) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/492326/Rawa
lpindi)
Rawalpindi travel guide from Wikivoyage
Rawalpindi (https://curlie.org/Regional/Asia/Pakistan/Provinces/Punjab/Localities/Rawalpindi/) at Curlie
[4] (http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/files/ideologie/data/CensusIndia/CensusIndia1921/CensusIndia1921IndiaTables.pdf)
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7/3/2021 Rawalpindi - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 33°36′N 73°02′E

Construction of Pakistan's new purpose-built national capital city of Islamabad in

From top, left to right:

Contents Rawal Lake, Gulshan Dadan Khan

External links Country Pakistan

To the southeast are the ruins of the Elevation 508 m (1,667 ft)

re-established the ruined town, and named it Rawal.[22]

frontier in Peshawar in the 1880s.[20]

Ojhri Camp disaster

Climate data for Rawalpindi

Record high 26.7

Daily mean 10.0

Average low 3.3

Record low −3.9

Source 1: Climate-Data.org, altitude: 497m[46]

Religion Historical population

Rawalpindi Municipal Corporation Rawalpindi City [1] (http://www.mcrawalpi

Sr. Tehsil Headquarters

1 Taxila Taxila NA 677,951

51. Elahi, Asad (2006). "2: Population" (http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/pocket_book2006/2.pdf) (PDF).

75. "The Arena: About Us" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120904020929/http://www.thearena.com.pk/about.php).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rawalpindi&oldid=1031547143"

This page was last edited on 2 July 2021, at 06:52 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;

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