Title: Sequence & Series

Chapter: Sequence & Series

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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

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Relation between means :

(i) If A, G, H are respectively A.M., G.M., H.M. between a & b both being positive, then G² = AH
(i.e. A, G, H are in G.P.) and A  G  H.

8
Example # 27 : The A.M. of two numbers exceeds the G.M. by 2 and the G.M. exceeds the H.M. by ; find the
5
numbers.
Solution : Let the numbers be a and b, now using the relation
 8
G2 = AH = (G + 2)  G −   G = 8 ; A = 10
 5
i.e. ab = 64
also a + b = 20
Hence the two numbers are 4 and 16.

A.M.  G.M.  H.M.

Let a1, a2, a3, .......an be n positive real numbers, then we define their
a + a2 + a3 + ....... + an
A.M. = 1 , their
n
G.M. = (a1 a2 a3 .........an)1/n and their
n
H.M. = .
1 1 1
+ + ....... +
a1 a2 an
It can be shown that A.M.  G.M.  H.M. and equality holds at either places iff a1 = a2 = a3 = .........= an

ab bc ca
Example # 28 : If a, b, c > 0, prove that 2
+ 2
3
+
c a b2
Solution : Using the relation A.M.  G.M. we have
ab bc ca
+ + 1
c 2 a2 b2   ab . bc . ca  3  ab bc ca
+ 2+ 2 3
 2 2 2
3 c a b  c 2
a b
1 1 1 1
Example # 29 : If ai > 0  i = 1, 2, 3, ....... prove that (a1 + a2 + a3 .... + an)  + + ..... +   n2
 1
a a 2 a 3 an 

Solution : Using the relation A.M.  H.M.

a1 + a2 + a3 ....... + an n

n 1 1 1 1
+ + ..... +
a1 a2 a3 an
1 1 1 1 
 (a1 + a2 + a3 .... + an)  + + ..... +   n2
 1
a a 2 a 3 an 
  1 1  1 1   1 1 
Example # 30 : If x, y, z are positive then prove that (x + y)(y + z)(z + x)  +  +   +   64
 x y  y z   z x 
Solution : Using the relation A.M.  H.M.
x+y 2  1 1
  (x + y)  +   4 .....(i)
2 1 1 x y
+
x y
 1 1
similarly (y + z)  +   4 .....(ii)
y z
 1 1
(z + x)  4  +  .....(iii)
z x
 1 1  1 1   1 1 
by (i), (ii) & (iii) (x + y)(y + z)(z + x)  +  +   +   64
 x y  y z   z x 

Example # 31 : If n > 0, prove that 2n > 1 + n 2n−1

Solution : Using the relation A.M.  G.M. on the numbers 1, 2, 22, 23,..........., 2n–1 , we have
1 + 2 + 22 + ....... + 2n −1
> (1.2. 22. 23. ......... .2n–1)1/n
n
Equality does not hold as all the numbers are not equal.
1

2n − 1  (n −1) n  n (n −1)
 > n 2 2   2n – 1 > n 2 2
2 −1  
(n −1)
 2n > 1 + n 2 2
.

Example # 32 : If x, y, z are positive and x + y + z = 7 then find greatest value of x2 y3 z2.

Solution : Using the relation A.M.  G.M.

x x y y y z z
+ + + + + +
1

2 2 3 3 3 2 2   x . y .z 
2 3 2 7

 
7  4 27 4 
1
 x 2 y 3 z2  7
 1  . .   432  x2 y3 z2
 4 27 4 

Self practice problems :

(20) If a, b, c are real and distinct, then show that a2 (1 + b2) + b2 (1 + c2) + c2 (1 + a2) > 6abc
(21) Prove that 2.4.6.8.......2n < (n + 1)n. (n  N)
bcd cda dab abc
(22) If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers prove that + 2 + 2 + 2 >a+b+c+d
a2 b c d
(23) If x6 – 12x5 + ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + 64 = 0 has positive roots then find a, b, c, d,
(24) If a, b > 0, prove that [(1 + a) (1 + b)]3 > 33 a2 b2
Ans. (23) a = 60, b = –160, c = 240, d = –192
 Exercise – I
Section (A) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M
1. Using the relation A.M.  G.M. prove that
(i) (x2y + y2z + z2x) (xy2 + yz2 + zx2)  9x2 y2 z2. (x, y, z are positive real number)
(ii) (a + b) . (b + c) . (c + a)  abc ; if a, b, c are positive real numbers

x100
2. If x > 0, then find greatest value of the expression .
1 + x + x + x3 + ..... + x 200
2

16
3. The H.M. between two numbers is , their A.M. is A and G.M. is G. If 2A + G2 = 26, then find the
5
numbers.
4. If a, b, c are positive real numbers and sides of the triangle, then prove that [DRN1291]
(a + b + c)3  27 (a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a)
5. If ai >0 for all i = 1,2,3 .........n then prove that
(1 + a1 + a21) (1 + a2 + a22) ......... (1 + an + a2n)  3n(a1 a2 a3 ...... an)

Section (B) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M

1. If x  R, the numbers 51+x + 51–x, a/2, 25x + 25–x form an A.P. then 'a' must lie in the interval:
(A) [1, 5] (B) [2, 5] (C) [5, 12] (D) [12, )
2. If A, G & H are respectively the A.M., G.M. & H.M. of three positive numbers a, b, & c, then the equation
whose roots are a, b, & c is given by :
(A) x3 − 3 Ax2 + 3 G3x − G3 = 0 (B) x3 − 3 Ax2 + 3 (G3/H)x − G3 = 0
(C) x + 3 Ax + 3 (G /H) x − G = 0
3 2 3 3 (D) x3 − 3 Ax2 − 3 (G3/H) x + G3 = 0
3. If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that a + b + c + d = 2, then M = (a + b) (c + d) satisfies the
relation:
(A) 0  M  1 (B) 1  M  2 (C) 2  M  3 (D) 3  M  4
4. If a + b + c = 3 and a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, the greatest value of a2b3c2. [16JM110062]
310.24 39.24 39.25 310.25
(A) (B) (C) (D)
77 77 77 77
5. If P, Q be the A.M., G.M. respectively between any two rational numbers a and b, then P – Q is equal to
2
a−b a+b 2ab  a− b
(A) (B) (C) (D)  
a 2 a+b  2 

 Answer Key
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M
1
2. 3. 2, 8
201

Section (B) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M

1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (D)

Solution
Exercise – I
Section (A) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M
x 2 y + y 2 z + z2 x
1. (i) (x2y + y2z + z2x) (xy2 + yz2 + zx2)  9x2y2z2   (x2y . y2z . z2x)1/3
3
x2y + y2z + z2x  3xyz ......(i)
xy 2 + yz 2 + zx 2
and  (xy2 . yz2 . zx2)1/3  xy2 + yz2 + zx2  3xyz ......(ii)
3
By (i) and (ii)
 (x2y + y2z + z2x) (xy2 + yz2 + zx2)  9x2y2z2
(ii) (a +b) (b + c) (c + a) > abc
abc + b2c + bc 2 + c 2a + a2b + ab2 + abc + a2c
 (abc . b2c . bc2 . c2a . a2b . ab2 . abc . a2c)
8
 (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)  8abc  (a + b) (b + c) (c + a) > abc

x100
2.
1 + x + x 2 + x3 + ..... + x 200
AM  GM
1
1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ..... + x 200  201  201
(1 . x . x 2 .....x 200 )  1 + x + x +201 x 3 + ..... + x 200
1 2
. 200
 201
 x 2 
201  
1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ..... + x 200 x 100
1
 x100  
201 1 + x + x 2 + x3 + ..... + x 200 201

2ab 16
3. Let a and b are two numbers = ..... (1)
a+b 5
a+b
=A and ab = G
2
 2A + G2 = 26  (a + b) + ab = 26 ..... (2)
10 ab
 + ab = 26  26 ab = 26 × 16  ab = 16
16
 from (1), we get a + b = 10 So a, b are (2, 8) Ans.

(a + b − c) + (a + c − b) + (b + c − a)
4.  ((a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a))1/3
3
(a+b+c)  3((a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a))1/3
(a+b+c)3  27 (a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a) Hence Proved

5. Using A.M.  G.M.

1 + a1 + a12
 a1  1 + a1 + a21  3a1
3
similarly 1 + a2 + a22  3a2
: : :
1 +an + a n  3an
2

multiplying
(1 + a1 + a21) (1 + a2 + a22) .........(1 + an + a2n)  3n(a1 a2 a3 ...... an)
Section (B) : Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M
1. xR
51+x + 51–x , a/2 , 52x +5–2x are in A.P
a = (52x + 5–2x) + (51+x + 51–x)  a = (52x + 5–2x) + 5(5x + 5–x) = (5x – 5–x)2 +2 + 5 (5x/2 – 5–x/2)2 + 10
a =12 + (5x – 5–x)2 + 5(5 x/2 – 5–x/2)2  a 12

a+b+c
2. AM = A = ; GM = G = (abc)1/3
3
3abc 3G3
HM = H = = .
ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca
Equation whose roots are a,b,c  x3 –(a + b + c)x2 + (ab)x –abc = 0
3G3
 x3 – 3Ax2 + .x –G3 = 0 Ans
H

3. a+b+c+d=2  a, b, c, d > 0
(a + b) + (c + d)
 (a + b) (c + d)  1 (a + b) (c + d)  0
2
 0  (a + b) (c + d)  1  0M1

a a b b b c c
4. Taking A.M. and G.M. of number , , , , , , ,
2 2 3 3 3 2 2
a b c
2. + 3. + 2.   a  2  b 3  c  2 
1/ 7

we get A.M.  G.M. 2 3 2        

7  2   3   2  
 
1/ 7
3  a 2b3 c 2  37 a 2 b3 c 2 310.24
or   2 3 2 or  or a2b3c2 
7  2 .3 .2  77 24.33 77
310.24
 Greatest value of a2 b3 c2 =
77

( )
2

a+b a + b − 2 ab a− b
5. P= , Q= ab ; P–Q= =
2 2 2