Antidote classification after the action mechanism

MECHANISM EXAMPLES CLINICAL USES

1.Competitive Atropine (muscarinic R.) Amanita muscaria
antagonism at the R site Organophosphoric agents
Carbamates
Naloxone (opiate R.) Morphine
Noradrenaline (alfa R.) Phenothiazine
Flumazenil (benzod. R.) Benzodiazepine

2. Non competitive Glucagon Adrenergic β blockers

antagonism (functional)
3. Chemical
a) precipitation Calcium salts Oxalic acids
Fluorhydric acid
b) chelation Deferoxamine Fe
EDTA Na2Ca Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn
DMP Arsenic
Penicilamine Cu, Pb, Hg, As, Bi
 Antidote classification after the action mechanism
MECHANISM EXAMPLES CLINICAL USES
3. Chemical
c) Reduction Methylene blue Methemoglobinemia
d) Electrostatic Protamine Heparin
4. Physical: dilution Water Alkaline, acids: ingestion
5. Physio-chemical: Activated charcoal Phenobarbital, etc.
adsorption
6. Antigen-antibody Antivenom Venomous snake bite
neutralization treatment, scorpions
7. Enzymatic reactivation Pralidoxime, Organophosphoric
obidoxime agents
8. Endogenic deficit Pure mixtures of Organophosphoric
compensation cholinesterase agents
Thiol group donors Carbon tetrachloride
9. Toxic metabolites Ethanol Methanol
genesis blocking Ethylene glycol
10. Superior affinity Methemoglobin Cyanohydrin, cyanide
compound genesis forming agents Hydrogen sulfide