EE-102

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Mechatronics Engineering

(05)

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 RESISTIVE CIRCUITS

• SERIES/PARALLEL RESISTOR COMBINATIONS - A TECHNIQUE

TO REDUCE THE COMPLEXITY OF SOME CIRCUITS
• LEARN TO ANALYZE THE SIMPLEST CIRCUITS
• THE VOLTAGE DIVIDER
• THE CURRENT DIVIDER
• WYE - DELTA TRANSFORMATION - A TECHNIQUE TO REDUCE
COMMON RESISTOR CONNECTIONS THAT ARE NEITHER SERIES NOR
PARALLEL

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SERIES PARALLEL RESISTOR COMBINATIONS

UP TO NOW WE HAVE STUDIED CIRCUITS THAT

CAN BE ANALYZED WITH ONE APPLICATION OF
KVL(SINGLE LOOP) OR KCL(SINGLE NODE-PAIR)

WE HAVE ALSO SEEN THAT IN SOME SITUATIONS

IT IS ADVANTAGEOUS TO COMBINE RESISTORS
TO SIMPLIFY THE ANALYSIS OF A CIRCUIT

NOW WE EXAMINE SOME MORE COMPLEX CIRCUITS

WHERE WE CAN SIMPLIFY THE ANALYSIS USING
THE TECHNIQUE OF COMBINING RESISTORS…

… PLUS THE USE OF OHM’S LAW

SERIES COMBINATIONS

PARALLEL COMBINATION

G p  G1  G2  ...  G N

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Problems..

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FIRST WE PRACTICE COMBINING RESISTORS

3k
SERIES
6k||3k

(10K,2K)SERIES

6k || 12k  4k

5k
12 k 5
3k
EXAMPLES COMBINATION SERIES-PARALLEL
9k
If the drawing gets confusing…
Redraw the reduced circuit
and start again

18 k || 9k  6k

RESISTORS ARE IN SERIES IF THEY CARRY

EXACTLY THE SAME CURRENT

6k  6k  10 k RESISTORS ARE IN PARALLEL IF THEY ARE

CONNECTED EXACTLY BETWEEN THE SAME TWO
NODES

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 RESISTOR TOLERANCE

Tolerance is the percentage of error in the resistor's resistance,

how much more or less you can expect a resistor's actual
measured resistance to be from its stated resistance

Example: A gold tolerance band is 5% tolerance, silver is 10%, and no

band at all would mean a 20% tolerance.

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 EFFECT OF RESISTOR TOLERANCE

NOMINAL RESISTOR VALUE : 2.7k

RESISTOR TOLERANCE : 10%
RANGES FOR CURRENT AND POWER?

 10
NOMINAL CURRENT : I   3.704 mA
2.7
_

NOMINAL POWER : P 
10 2
 37.04 mW
2.7

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CIRCUIT WITH SERIES-PARALLEL RESISTOR COMBINATIONS

THE COMBINATION OF COMPONENTS CAN REDUCE

THE COMPLEXITY OF A CIRCUIT AND RENDER IT
SUITABLE FOR ANALYSIS USING THE BASIC
TOOLS DEVELOPED SO FAR.
COMBINING RESISTORS IN SERIES ELIMINATES
ONE NODE FROM THE CIRCUIT.
COMBINING RESISTORS IN PARALLEL ELIMINATES
ONE LOOP FROM THE CIRCUIT

GENERAL STRATEGY:
•REDUCE COMPLEXITY UNTIL THE CIRCUIT
BECOMES SIMPLE ENOUGH TO ANALYZE.
•USE DATA FROM SIMPLIFIED CIRCUIT TO
COMPUTE DESIRED VARIABLES IN ORIGINAL
CIRCUIT - HENCE ONE MUST KEEP TRACK
OF ANY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIABLES

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 4k || 12k 12 k
FIRST REDUCE IT TO A SINGLE LOOP CIRCUIT

SECOND: “BACKTRACK” USING KVL, KCL OHM’S

6k
I3
V KCL : I1  I 2  I3  0
OHM' S : I 2  a
6k
…OTHER OPTIONS...
OHM'S : Vb  3k * I 3
3
6k || 6k I4  I3
43
Vb  4k * I 4
KCL : I 5  I 4  I 3  0
OHM'S : VC  3k * I 5

12V
I1  3
12k Va  (12)
39 10