LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

QUARTER: 4th / SEMESTER: 2nd/ WEEK: 1

Name: ________________________________________________ Score: _______

Grade & Section: ______________________Subject: PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Name of Teacher: _________________________________ Date: _____________

I. Title: Choosing the Appropriate Qualitative Research Design

II. Type of Activity:  Concept notes with formative activities

LAS for summative assessment ( Written Work Performance Task)

III. MELC: Chooses appropriate qualitative design (CS_RS11-IV-a-c-1).

IV. Learning Objective/s:

 Identify and describe the different qualitative research designs.

 Differentiate the qualitative research designs.
 Show appreciation on how research designs are used in conducting a
study.

V. Reference/s:

Print Material/s:

Prieto, N. G. (2017). Practical Research 1 for Senior High School

(Qualitative). Lorimar Publishing, Inc. Boston Street, Cubao,
Quezon City, Metro Manila.

Baraceros, E. L. (2016). Practical Research 1. Rex Book Store, Inc.

Nicanor Reyes St., Sampaloc, Metro Manila.

VI. Concept Notes

Choosing the Appropriate Qualitative Research Design

Design is a word which means a plan or something that is conceptualized by

the mind. As a result of mental activity characterized by unfixed formation of
something but an extensive interconnection of things, a design in the field of
research serves as blueprint or a skeletal framework of your study. It includes many

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related aspects of your research work. A choice of a research design requires you to
finalize your mind on the purpose, philosophical basis, and types of data of your
research, including your method of collecting, analyzing, interpreting and presenting
a data. It is a plan that directs your mind to several stages of your research work (De
Mey, 2013).

According to Barrot (2017), research design is defined as the logical and

coherent overall strategy that the researcher uses to integrate all the components of
the research. It will give meaning in the overall process of your research. There are
five research designs that are commonly used in a qualitative research, but these
are also labelled as type of qualitative research by some books on qualitative
research because when you speak of research design, you plan your methods or
techniques in collecting and analyzing data.

Your research design is realized by any of these types of qualitative research

that has its own data collecting technique: case study, ethnography, content
analysis, historical study, phenomenology, and grounded theory.

Case Study
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS

- the study of an individual or group of persons during a specific

period, to gain deeper insight on a phenomenon, validate earlier
findings, or gather more deeper-seated data.
- it uses direct or participant observation, interviews, archival
records or documents, physical artifacts and audiovisual materials
(Cresswell,1998).
- the natural setting of the people is studied and patterns found to
connect with theories.
- Examples are drug-rehabilitated teenagers, transgenders, gay
marriages, success stories, among others.

Ethnography
- an integrative study between research participants and researcher
who stays in the natural setting of the former over an extensive
period to systematically observe, interview and record processes,
as they occur naturally in the site.
- ethnographies study an intact cultural group in a natural setting
over a prolonged period (Cresswell, 2003).
- includes justification for the study, description of the group and
method of the study, the evidence to support the researcher’s
claims, and the findings to the research questions.
- Example: Study on ethnic minority groups done by Dr. Liza
Daoanis entitled “Surviving Cultural Heritage of the Kankeneys of
Dalipay, Batangas, Benguet.”

Content Analysis
- detailed and systematic examination of the contents of the body of
materials – choice and use of words, the relationships of words
and their meanings- from which concepts, images, patterns or
themes are drawn.
- primary data collection strategy is recorded dialogue (text based,
or audio/video recorded).
- Example: an examination of word choice and use of words in the
State of the Nation Addresses of the Philippine Presidents, or
speeches in political conventions like U.S. President Barrack’s
Obama’s speech endorsing Hilary Clinton’s bid for Presidency. 2
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS
Phenomenological Study
- focuses on the understanding the underlying meaning of the
experience of the research participant from his/her own viewpoint
and perspective.
- according to Leedy and Omrod (2001), “to understand an
experience from the research participant’s point of view.”
- obtained data from observations, videos, lengthy interviews,
images, and others.
- Examples: Comfort Women During WWII/Rehabilitated Drug
Dependents or Rescued Trafficked Women/Study of college
graduates who opt to do community outreach with poor sectors of
society.

Historical Study
- tells you the right research method to determine the reasons for
changes or permanence of things in the physical world in certain
period.
- referred to in the study as time of changes is not a time shorter
than a year but a period indicating a big number of years.
- coverage of historical study refers to the number of years covered,
the kind of events focused on, and the extent of new knowledge or
discoveries resulting to historical study.
- data collecting techniques includes biography or autobiography
reading, documentary analysis, and chronicling activities.
- Examples: A Five Year Study of the Impact of the K-12
Curriculum on the Employment System / The Rise and Fall of the
Twenty-Year Reign of Former Philippine President, Ferdinand E.
Marcos / Filipino-Student Activism from Spanish Era to the
Contemporary Period

Grounded Theory
- aims to glean a general abstract theory of a process, or interaction
grounded in views of research participants.
- to arrive at a theory, data are constantly compared with emerging
categories and theoretical sampling of different groups is done in
to concretize similarities and the differences of information.
- its purpose is to build a theory that is faithful to the evidence
(Neuman, 2007) and it seeks theory that is comparable with
evidence that is precise and rigorous, capable of replication and
generalization.
- Example: Police officer confronting a speeding driver/Multicultural
Experiences of School Psychologists/A qualitative grounded
theory study in understanding the teacher/student relationship in
the college English freshmen composition classroom

Approaches to qualitative
inquiry

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 YOU CAN DO THIS!

Task 1. Stirring Up Imagination. Unmindful of your grammar, write everything that

comes to your mind about the word DESIGN.

Task 2. Arrange the Letters. Arrange the jumbled letters below to identify the correct
word/s.

Jumbled Letters Answer

1. TUDYS ACES ------------------------

2. HYPTEARGON ------------------------
3. ENTTNOC ALYASNIS -----------------------
4. EDDOUGNR OEHTYR ------------------------
5. LACIGOLONEMONEPH UDTYS ------------------------
6. LCAROITHSI DUSTY -----------------------

Task 3. Check Your Understanding. Based on your understanding on research

designs, answer the given following questions briefly.

1. What is a research design?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. How do the five (5) types of research design differ from each other?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

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 YOU CAN DO MORE!

Task 4. Guess Me! Identify what research design is applicable for the following
research titles.
_________________ 1. Those Who Were Born Poor: A Qualitative Study of Philippine
Poverty

_________________ 2. Qualitative Twitter Analysis of Participants, Tweet Strategies,

and Tweet Content at a Major Urologic Conference.

_________________ 3. Expanding the clinical role of community pharmacy: A

qualitative study of medication reviews in Upland Municipality
of Abra.

_________________ 4. Lived Experiences of Alternative Learning System Completers

_________________ 5. Victimizing of School Bullying: A Qualitative Study

Task 5. What’s in the Box! Identify what research design is applicable for the
following research titles.

Historical Study Ethnographical Study

Phenomenological Study Grounded Theory
Case Study Content Analysis

1. Family and Politics in an Archipelagic Province: The Moreno Dynasty in Postwar

Romblon, 1949-1969

2. Closet Queen: A Qualitative Study for Adult Gays

3. A qualitative thematic content analysis of medical students' essays on

professionalism.

4. Mental well-being of patients from ethnic minority groups during critical care: a
qualitative ethnographic study.

5. The ‘Need to Transcend’: A Qualitative Study on the Lived Experiences of

Millennial Teachers

6. Why (and how) they decide to leave: A Qualitative Study of STEM attrition at a
large public research university

Task 6. Help Me Out! Determine the appropriate quantitative research design for each
research title and give a brief justification for your answer.

Research Title Research Design Justification

1. A love during the Pandemic: Lived
Experiences of Covid Patients

2. Pagkaing Pinoy, Panlasang

Pandaigdig: The Globalization of
Filipino Foodways from the Manila
Galleon Trade to Jollibee

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 CHALLENGE YOURSELF!

Task 7. On Case Study. Read and analyze the questions. Answer each item in a
complete sentence.

1. If you were to do a case study, which group of people in the Philippines or in

any country would you like to do research?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. State your reasons why you want to do a case study of this/these group/s of
people.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

3. Explain in 3-5 sentences why total immersion in the research participant’s

natural setting is an excellent way of data collection.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Task 8. On Ethnographic Study. Familiarize with the statements. Answer each item in
a complete sentence.

1. If you were to do an ethnographic study, which group of people in the

Philippines or in any country would you like to research on?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. State your reasons why you want to do an ethnographic study of this/these

group/s of people.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

3. Explain in 3-5 sentences why total immersion in the research participant’s

natural setting is an excellent way of data collection.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

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Task 9. On Grounded Theory. Based on the concept notes, answer each item in a
complete sentence.

1. If you were to do a grounded theory, which group/s of people in the Philippines

or in any country would you like to do research?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. State your reasons why you want to do a grounded theory of this/these group/s
of people.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

3. Explain in 3-5 sentences why total immersion in the research participant’s

natural setting is an excellent way of data collection.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

LEVEL UP!

Task 10. On Phenomenological Study. Study and analyze the statements. Answer
each item in a complete sentence.

1. If you were to do a phenomenological study, which group of people in the

Philippines or in any country would you like to research on?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. State your reasons why you want to do phenomenological study of this/these

group/s of people.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

3. Explain in 3-5 sentences why total immersion in the research participant’s

natural setting is an excellent way of data collection.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Task 11. On Historical Study. Answer each item briefly but substantially.

1. If you were to do a historical study, which group of people in the Philippines or

in any country would you like to research on?

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 __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. State your reasons why you want to do a historical study of this/these group/s
of people.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

3. Explain in 3-5 sentences why total immersion in the research participant’s

natural setting is an excellent way of data collection.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Task 12. On Content Analysis. Answer each item in a complete sentence.

1. If you were to do a content analysis, which group of people in the Philippines

or in any country would you like to do in research on?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. State your reasons why you want to do a content analysis of this/these group/s
of people.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

3. Explain in 3-5 sentences why total immersion in the research participant’s

natural setting is an excellent way of the data.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

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VII. Notes to Teachers:

Scoring Rubrics for Tasks 3, 6-12

Criterion 5 Points 4 Points 3 Points 2 Points 1 Point

Writing lacks
Not quite Writing has an
clear
clearly and organization
Writing has a Writing has a organization; it
logically that reveals a
clear, logical clear, logical fails to use
organized plan, but the
organization; it organization; it common words
writing; it uses evidence tends
Writing uses effective uses appropriate accurately; and it
appropriate to be general; it
skills transitions words but uses a limited
words and uses common
between ideas; seldom exhibits vocabulary in
seldom words
uses appropriate an admirable that chosen
exhibits an accurately, but
words. style. words fail to
admirable sentences tend
serve the writer's
style. to be simple.
purpose.

VIII. Answer Key to the Tasks:

Task 1. Stirring up Imagination

(Answers may vary)

Task 2. Arrange the following Words

1. Case Study
2. Ethnography
3. Content Analysis
4. Grounded Theory
5. Phenomenological study

Task 3. Check Your Understanding

1. Research Design is as the logical and coherent overall strategy that the
researcher uses to integrate all the components of the research study.
2. (answers may vary)

Task 4. Guess Me!

1. Case Study
2. Content Analysis
3. Ethnographical Study
4. Phenomenological study
5. Grounded Theory

Task 5. What’s on the Box.

1. Historical Study
2. Case Study
3. Content Analysis
4. Ethnographical Study
5. Phenomenological Study
6. Grounded Theory

Tasks 6 – 12

Answers may vary