Volume I-Main Report-Khairahani Municipality

PROJECT INFORMATION
Name of the Project Consulting services for Preparation of Integrated Urban

Development Plan of Khairahani Municipality, Chitwan
Contract ID DUDBC/CS-QCBS-12-074/75
Project Executing Agency Government of Nepal, Ministry of Urban Development

Department of Urban Development & Building Construction
Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal
Name of the JV Consultant Naya Rastriya Engineering Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.-Moonlight

Civil Solution Pvt. Ltd-Green Innovative Pvt. Ltd (NREC-
MCS-GI JV
Project Commencement Date 2075-02-18
Projected Date of Completion 2075-11-17
SUBMISSION INFORMATION
Name of the Report Consulting services for Preparation of Integrated Urban

Development Plan of Khairahani Municipality, Chitwan
Nos. of Volume I
Volume Information Final Report
Date of Submission ………………………………………
Submission Type Hard Copy
Copies Produced 7 Copy
Prepared By ………………………
Checked By …………………………
Reviewed By ………………………….
Official Stamp ……………….
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This Final Report on preparation of Integrated Urban Development Plan of Khairahani

Municipality of Chitwan District has been prepared as per the ToR provided along with the
contract agreement. We are grateful to entire individuals who directly or indirectly helped us
during data collection, analyzing, workshop conduction and preparation of final documents.
We are greatly indebted to the constant support, interest and feedback of Mr. Lalmani
Chaudhary, Mayor and Mrs. Sunita Kharel Tutaliya, Deputy Mayor of Khairahani Municipality.
We also express our sincere thanks to Chairpersons and members of each ward committees in the
municipality. Mr. Purshottam Sharma, Chief Administrative Officer, and other staffs, including
engineers of the Khairahani Municipality for their continuous support.
The team of consultants would like to express its appreciation to DUDBC and IUDP Committee,
specially, Director General, Deputy Director General, Senior Divisional Engineer (SDE), Project
Director; senior Engineers, Engineers, Architects, Planners and other all supporting team/staff of
DUDBC for their constant support, appreciation, valuable suggestions and comments during the
process.
This report would not be completed without the support from members of Tole Development
Organizations (TDOs) and subsequent planning from the ward levels of Khairahani
Municipality. Similarly, the consultant would also like to express its appreciation to all the
officials of various government institutions and local stakeholders for their cooperation during
the project process.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The IUDP project has been executed by Department of Urban Development and Building
Construction, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of Nepal. Khairahani municipality
of Chitwan in the Gandaki Province is also one of the project areas of IUDP where it is expected
to contribute overall development of the municipality in the long-run. The project comprises
various aspects of urban planning and analysis by incorporating multi-sectoral issues of
development, which includes physical, social, economic, financial, environmental and
institutional. The project is the comprehensive analysis of regional attributes, local needs and
aspirations, urban services and future prospects of this municipality for the subsequent 5, 10 and
15 Years. The rationality and scope of the project thus lies in the new context of state-
restructuring and urban planning.
Methodological approach: Both the qualitative and quantitative nature of data have been used
from primary and secondary sources. The process includes three sub-sequent phases: a) literature
review and desk study; b) field study and primary data collection; and c) analysis and planning.
The data collection tools include participatory rapid appraisal (PRA) and focused group
discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and questionnaire survey. These tools were
mutually adopted and endorsed into the field along with Induction workshop, SWOT analysis
and discussion of vision setting. The field analysis then includes sectoral workshop and
consultation, linkage analysis, trend analysis, spatial analysis, gap analysis which further
proceeded with preparation of development plans as per the given ToR.
Opportunities and Challenges: In the new federal context of state-restructuring, recently
elected local government after a long political turmoil has been a great opportunity for
Khairahani municipality. Strategic location and its wider connectivity along with various link
roads is another opportunity. Moreover, market exposed to different areas and urban centers
including Narayanghat can enhance the economic development of this municipality. The vicinity
of Chitwan National Park to this municipality has increased potentiality of tourism promotion
and biodiversity promotion. However, apart from these opportunities, there are some challenges
in the municipality. The challenges include: increasing migration trends, haphazard settlement
and absence of land use plan; lack of urban scale health and educational institutions; low
availability of recreational activities/ services, and institutional problems related to capacity
building and infrastructural development of the municipality in the changing context of local
development and federal set-up.
Long-term vision setting: The Khairahani municipality has its own development implications
and planning strategies. It is highly potential to cater long-term development involving various
sectors of Tourism, Agriculture, Industry and Infrastructural development. Availability of
abundant forest coverage, and both plain and foot-hill land in and around the municipality has
enhanced the extension of agricultural market as well as bio-diversity conservation. As stated-
æJoj;flos s[lif, ko{6g hn >f]t / k"jf{wf/ M :jR5, x/fe/f ;d[4 u}8fsf]6sf] cfwf/Æ-
the long-term vision truly clarifies that all the plans in Khairahani municipality should focus to
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make the city as a beautiful, peaceful and prosperous place. Compatible with this vision setting,
an integrated urban plan seems to be a vital one in achieving the municipal vision and mission at
large by involving multiple sectors and stakeholders.
Trend Analysis: The consultants further studied the trend analysis of the municipality which
includes the review of prepared maps and other information which gives historical development
pattern in three sub-sequent points of time, i.e. 2005, 2010 and 2017. The trend has been
analyzed in terms of settlement structure, and changes in forest coverage, land use, cultivation,
and water bodies. The settlement area is increased by 3.15% in 11 years’ period. It is probably
due to the expansion of market area, natural increase of population and in-migration. Similarly,
cultivation land is in decreasing trend in different years (decreased by 6.672% in 12 years). Due
to the increment in settlement areas, it could have automatically resulted in decreasing in
cultivation area. The findings further reveal that the percentage of land covered by forest in
2005, 2010 and 2017 are 20.814%, 21.513% and 21.991% respectively. The changes in forest
cover is nominal and it should be further prioritized for forestation and plantation. Water body in
the municipality is decreased by 3.35% in the same period which is due to the encroachment
around the water bodies by different means.
Spatial analysis: The spatial analysis has been one of the impotant outcomes of this project. The
planners have endorsed different analytical components to make a comprehensive spatial analyis.
This include:
Easy Accessibility Analysis: Accessibility analysis has been done bringing together all
aspects of transport system as per distribution of population and road network along with
spatial distribution of various infrastructures such as education facilities, health facilities,
market places etc. in different land zoning.
Linkage Analysis: Linkage analysis of the municipality indicates adjacency of the
municipality with its hinterlands in terms of social mobility and movement of goods,
services and people in and out involving both inter and intra regional perspectives.
Site Suitability Analysis: The demand for new residential areas in the municipality is
rapidly increasing because of increasing population, migration and urbanization. The
identified suitable settlement sites can be delineated on map, which shows the spatial
distribution of topographically suitable and safe, climatically pleasant and environment
friendly area for settlement, based on topographical, hydrological and environmental
data. Similarly, flood & drought susceptibility analysis, forest fire analysis, stream order
analysis, buffer analysis, Population served analysis have been also included to
compliment the spatial analysis.
Gap analysis: On the basis of infrastructure and necessities, a demand analysis has been also
included involving the parameters of population size, space requirement, and road types, etc. as
defined by Planning Norms and Standard, 2013. The gap of infrastructures between existing
scenario and planning norms is studied which helps further for the planning of the municipality.
Multi-Sectoral Investment Plan (MSIP): Among all the development plans proposed with the
IUDP in this municipality, the MSIP has been a summarization of detail projects and investment
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attributes for different years both in short term and long-term. It comprises specific investment
plan with respect to defined sectoral goals, objectives, strategies and activities to fulfil the long-
term vision of the municipality. In total, the projected MSIP budget for 15 years in this
municipality is NPR 34805.80 million, which has been allocated for different plans and sectors.
For completion of most of the strategic projects, time frame ranges from 1-5 years to maximum
time frame of 1-15 years particularly for physical infrastructures.
Detail engineering design of prioritized Major Projects: With consultation of local

stakeholders and municipal representatives, Detail Engineering Design of two projects has been
recommended from two different sectors. They were selected among the prioritized list of
different projects. The selection of two projects and their Detail Engineering Design (DEDs) has
been made out of the different project lists in the municipality which were then analyzed on the
basis of criteria provided by the DUDBC. The recommended DEDs in this municipality are: a)
DED-I (Drainage); and b) DED-II (River training). Each of the proposed DEDs contained a
detail drawing, design calculation and cost estimation. These prioritized projects along with
DEDs have been submitted to DUDBC in different Volumes IV and in the main report as well
Volume I.
Chapter outline:
Chapter 1 introduces the project “Integrated Urban Development Plan” with its goal and
objectives, scope; and expected outputs.
Chapter 2 provides the detail process of methodology involving data collection and analysis
tools and techniques.
Chapter 3 provides municipal profile of Khairahani municipality in summary, comprising
different dimensions of socio-economic, physical, institutional, land use, environmental and
existing livelihood conditions.
Chapter 4 provides the critical analysis of the existing situation using various analytic tools and
forecast a future need base demand by discussing Trend analysis, Spatial Analysis, Social
Analysis, Economic Analysis, Financial Analysis, Institutional Analysis, SWOT analysis and
Demand Analysis
Chapter 5 provides development framework for the municipality including development vision,
its goal, objective and Strategies.
Chapter 6 presents the Sectoral Development Plans along with Logical Framework Analysis
(LFA), viz. Physical Development Plan, Urban Infrastructure Plan, Urban Transport Plan, Social
Development Plan, Economic Development Plan, Tourism and Cultural Development Plan,
Financial Development Plan, Environment Management Plan, Disaster Management Plan and
Institutional Development Plan
Chapter 7 presents Multi Sector Investment Plan in different time period i.e. for short term (up
to 5 years), mid-term (up to 10 years) and long term (up to 15 years)
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ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS
BOOT Built Operate Own & Transfer

CBD Central Business District
CBO Community Based Organization
CBS Central Bureau of Statistics
CC Climate Change
CSO Civil Society Organization
DDC District Development Committee
DCCO District Coordination Committee Office
DOR Department of Road
DPP District Periodic Plan
DED Detail Engineering Design
DTMP District Transport Master Plan
DTO District Transport Office
DUDBC Department of Urban Development and Building Construction
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EZ Economic Zone
FAR Floor Area Ratio
FGD Focused Group Discussion
FNCCI Federation of Nepalese Council of Commerce and Industries
FUG Forest User Group
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GESI Gender Equity and Social Inclusion
GIS Geographic Information System
GON Government of Nepal
GPS Global Positioning System
IAP Integrated Action Plan
IDP Integrated Development Plan
IEE Initial Environment Examination
INGO International Non-Governmental Organization
IT Information Technology
IUDP Integrated Urban Development Project
LSGA Local Self Governance Act
MHH Mid Hill Highway
MoFALD Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development
MoFAGA Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration
MoUD Ministry of Urban Development
MSIP Multi-sectorial Investment Plan
NBC Nepal Building Code
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NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NPC National Planning Commission
NMD Poverty Mapping of District
NT New Town
NTPCO New Town Project Coordination Office
PDP Periodic Development Plan
PPP Public Private Partnership
PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal
QA Quality Assurance
QMAS Quality Management cum Assurance System
SWOT Strength Weakness Opportunity & Threat
TDC Tole Development Committee
TDO Tole Development Organization
ToR Terms of Reference
UN United Nation
USD United States Dollar
WUC Water User Committee
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
PROJECT INFORMATION.........................................................................................................i
SUBMISSION INFORMATION..................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........................................................................................................ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..........................................................................................................iii
ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS..............................................................................................vi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of Project.....................................................................................................1
1.2 Objectives of the Study....................................................................................................2
1.3 Understanding the Scope of Work...................................................................................2
1.4 Expected Output..............................................................................................................4
1.5 Structure of the Report.....................................................................................................7
CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................9
2.1 Conceptual Framework....................................................................................................9
2.2 Field Team Mobilization...............................................................................................10
2.3 Secondary Data Collection & Conducting Survey........................................................10
2.4 Public Consultation Plan................................................................................................10
2.5 Primary Data Collection................................................................................................13
2.6 Preparation of GIS Base and Preparation of Thematic Maps........................................13
2.7 Data Analysis.................................................................................................................19
2.8 Vision Setting................................................................................................................20
2.9 Sectoral Development Plans..........................................................................................20
2.10 Multi Sectoral Investment Plan.....................................................................................20
2.11 Preparation of DED.......................................................................................................20
2.12 Preparation of Building Bye-laws.................................................................................21
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2.13 Limitation of the Study..................................................................................................21
CHAPTER III: EXISTING SITUATION/STATUS................................................................22

CHAPTER IV: SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE MUNICIPALITY.................................24
4.1 Trend Analysis...............................................................................................................24
4.1.1 Demographic Analysis...........................................................................................24
4.1.2 Land Use Analysis & Urbanization.......................................................................24
4.1.2.1 Existing Land Use..............................................................................................24
4.1.2.2 Housing..............................................................................................................26
4.1.2.3 Existing Urban Structure...................................................................................26
4.1.2.4 Change in Built-Up Area...................................................................................26
4.1.2.5 Risk Analysis.....................................................................................................31
4.1.2.6 Open Space........................................................................................................36
4.2 Spatial Analysis.............................................................................................................37
4.3 Social Analysis..............................................................................................................58
4.3.1 Education...............................................................................................................58
4.3.2 Health.....................................................................................................................58
4.3.3 Recreation..............................................................................................................59
4.3.4 Inclusion................................................................................................................59
4.4 Economic Analysis........................................................................................................60
4.4.1 Agriculture.............................................................................................................60
4.4.2 Livestock................................................................................................................60
4.4.3 Mining....................................................................................................................60
4.4.4 Industry..................................................................................................................60
4.4.5 Import and Export..................................................................................................60
4.4.6 Commercial............................................................................................................60
4.5 Financial Analysis.........................................................................................................61
4.5.1 Revenue of Municipality.......................................................................................61
4.5.2 Expenditure of Municipality..................................................................................62
4.6 Institutional Analysis.....................................................................................................62
4.7 SWOT Analysis.............................................................................................................63
4.7.1 Strengths................................................................................................................64
4.7.2 Weaknesses............................................................................................................66
4.7.3 Opportunities.........................................................................................................67
4.7.4 Threats...................................................................................................................68
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4.8 Demand Analysis of Infrastructures..............................................................................69
4.9 Potential Lead Sector Identification..............................................................................77
CHAPTER-V: DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR MUNICIPALITY........................78

5.1 Vision of the Municipality.............................................................................................78
5.2 Goal................................................................................................................................78
5.3 Objectives......................................................................................................................78
5.4 Strategies........................................................................................................................78
5.5 Plans for Implementing Development Framework........................................................78
5.6 DED Selection...............................................................................................................79
CHAPTER VI: SECTORAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS.......................................................85
6.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................85
6.2 Physical Development Plan...........................................................................................85
6.2.1 Land Use Zoning...................................................................................................85
6.2.2 Urban Expansion...................................................................................................87
6.2.3 Physical Development Issues and Problems..........................................................87
6.3 Urban Infrastructure Plan..............................................................................................88
6.3.1 Water Supply.........................................................................................................88
6.3.2 Waste Water...........................................................................................................89
6.3.3 Drainage.................................................................................................................90
6.3.4 Solid Waste............................................................................................................92
6.3.5 Electricity...............................................................................................................94
6.3.6 Telecommunication...............................................................................................96
6.4 Urban Transport Plan.....................................................................................................98
6.4.1 Road Classification with RoW..............................................................................98
6.4.2 Road Network......................................................................................................102
6.4.3 Parking Management...........................................................................................106
6.4.4 Issues and Problems.............................................................................................108
6.5 Social Development Plan.............................................................................................108
6.5.1 Education.............................................................................................................108
6.5.2 Health...................................................................................................................109
6.5.3 Social Security.....................................................................................................111
6.5.4 Culture and Sports...............................................................................................112
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6.5.5 Park and Open Space...........................................................................................113
6.5.6 Urban Social Service Centre................................................................................114
6.5.7 Social Development Issues and Problems...........................................................114
6.6 Economic Development Plan......................................................................................115
6.6.1 Industrial Development and Trade Promotion....................................................115
6.6.2 Employment Generation, Poverty Reduction......................................................115
6.6.3 Regional Competiveness of Municipality...........................................................115
6.6.4 Agriculture Development....................................................................................116
6.6.5 Strategic Location of Different Market Centre/Product Collect Centres............117
6.6.6 Possible Economic Zones Based on Local Economic Growth Potentials...........117
6.6.7 Potential and Problems of Economic Development Plan....................................118
6.7 Tourism and Cultural Development plan....................................................................119
6.7.1 Identification and Preservation of Cultural Heritages Sites................................119
6.7.2 Conservation of Both Material and Non-Material Cultures................................120
6.8 Financial Development Plan........................................................................................122
6.8.1 Municipality Revenue Improvement Plan(MRIP)...............................................123
6.8.2 Assessment of Possible Financial Resources......................................................123
6.8.3 Allocation of Development Budget.....................................................................124
6.8.4 Promotional Strategy for Private Sector and Civil Society.................................126
6.8.5 Economic and Financial Analysis.......................................................................126
6.9 Environment Management Plan..................................................................................129
6.9.1 Present Status.......................................................................................................129
6.9.3 Strategy of Environmental Management Plan.....................................................131
6.10 Disaster Management Plan..........................................................................................133
6.10.1 Present Status.......................................................................................................133
6.10.3 Adaptation Strategy for Disaster Management....................................................134
6.11 Climate Change Adaptation Plan.................................................................................136
6.11.1 Present Status.......................................................................................................136
6.11.2 Issues and Problems of Disaster..........................................................................137
6.11.3 Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change Mitigation...........................................138
6.12 Institutional Development Plan...................................................................................140
6.12.1 Issues and Challenges..........................................................................................141
CHAPTER VII: MULTI SECTOR INVESTMENT PLAN (MSIP)...................................143
7.1 MSIP Program/Projects for Short Term......................................................................148
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7.2 MISP Program/Projects for Mid term..........................................................................157
7.3 MSIP Program/Projects for long term.........................................................................167
ANNEXES..................................................................................................................................180
Annexes-1: DED Selection Matrix......................................................................................180
Annexes-2: DED Selection Matrix of Khairahani Municipality.........................................184
List of Figures......................................................................................................................189
List of Tables.......................................................................................................................189
List of Photos.......................................................................................................................191
List of Maps.........................................................................................................................191
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Final Report: Preparation of Integrated Urban Development Plan (IUDP) of Khairahani Municipality
1 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Project

The world is undergoing the largest wave of urban growth in history, particularly since 1950s
that accelerated further after 2000s. As per the estimation of UN agencies, more than half of
the world’s population now lives in towns and cities, and by 2030 this number will swell to
about 5 billion. Much of this urbanization will unfold in Africa and Asia, bringing huge
social, economic and environmental transformations (UNDESA, 2018). Nepal is one of the
ten least urbanized countries in the world. However, it is also one of the top ten fastest
urbanizing countries. A simple projection is that for the period 2014-2050, Nepal will remain
amongst the top ten fastest urbanizing countries in the world with a projected annual
urbanization rate of 1.9 percent (UNDESA, 2014), which now switches around 60 percent
urban population in recent years after the federal set-up in the country (Economic Survey,
2018/2019).1
Keeping in view of this context, the Government of Nepal has already enacted and has been
implementing National Urban Policy since 2007. The policy is conspicuous by prioritizing
investment to the lagging regions of the country, while fostering development of regional
cities and intermediate towns as well. Therefore, with an objective with and objective of
reducing migration to capital and other larger cities, encouraging planned development of
potential hill cities and building infrastructures that can facilitate about one thousand
populations in hilly cities. With the promulgation of new constitution of Nepal in September
2015, there has been subsequent changing in the local level unites in the federal context. The
Constitution has provisioned a three-tier of government: federal at the center, provincial at
the meso-level and the local at the bottom (Art. 56, Part 5). The elections of all levels were
held in 2017. Before that, the government of Nepal has set up 753 local units replacing old
municipalities and Village Development Committees (VDCs). There are 460 rural
municipalities and 293 municipalities, including 276 urban municipalities, 11 sub-
metropolitan cities and 6-metropolitan cities in different parts of country. However, as a
Nepal is experiencing a new political system of federalism, it is yet to be equipped with
appropriate Acts and policies to foster the spirit of development and constitution at large.
Nepal is urbanizing at a faster pace and this transformation is irreversible. However, in the
absence of coordinated planning and investment in urban sector, there is need to upscale the
level of innovation, impact and outcomes. Urbanization and urban development is influenced
and oriented by key policies of the state in sectors such as transport, agriculture, tourism,
industry etc. in addition to the policy pursued in the urban sector. A brief review of the extant
policies such as National Transport Policy 2001, National Agricultural Policy 2004, National
Urban Policy 2007, Industrial Policy 2011, Tourism Policy 2008, National Land Use Policy
2015 and National Urban Development Strategy 2017 provides the context for the Integrated
Urban Development Plan (IUDP). The NUDS 2017 has provided a set of informed strategic
set-up in Nepal’s urban development. However, the reflection is pronounced in sprawled
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urban form, haphazard land use with environment degradation, congestion, deficit in water
supply and other basic services. With six decades of planning experience, it is a high time to
exercise coordinated, integrated, focused and strategic investments that promote harmonized
development to fulfill our urban intentions. The preparation of IUDP is significant in this
direction.
In the changing context of federalism, the Local Governance Operation Act (2074 BS) is now
operating in the local units. The main objectives of this act is to implement the powers and
rights of local level provisioned by Constitution of Nepal promoting co-operations, co-
existence and coordination between federal, province and local levels ensuring people
participation, accountability, transparency in cost effective and qualitative service delivery,
to strengthen democratic republican governing system from local levels, and to strengthen
local governance developing local leadership to institutionalize legislative, executive and
judicial practices at the local level. The act details out the definition of rural municipality its
criteria, municipality, its criteria, role of local level. Likewise, it presents different sector wise
function of then municipality and the rural municipality. It highlights powers and function
and jurisdiction of ward offices to ensure administrative convenience to the local people.
Moreover, as a long-term policy initiative, GoN is providing technical and financial supports
to facilitate the integrated development plan (IDP of the local units. Integrated Urban
Development Project (IUDP) is highly prioritized policy approach adopted by Department of
Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC), Ministry of Urban Development.
Following this context, the present report is based on the IUDP of Khairahani municipality,
which lies in the Chitwan District in Province no. 3
1.2 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the proposed assignment is to prepare Integrated Urban Development
Plan including Building By-laws of Municipalities. The other objectives are as follows:
1. To set out Long-term Vision and overall Goal, Objectives and Strategies for
Municipalities (for 15 years’ period) defining the status of the municipality where it
could stand after 15 years’ period.
2. To prepare Physical development plan, Social, Cultural, Economic, Financial, and
Institutional Development Plan; Environment Sensitive Plan, Urban Transportation
Plan, Multi-Sectoral Investment Plan (MSIP) etc. on the basis of vision, objectives
and strategies.
3. To prepare building By-laws to regulate development in the municipalities integrating
Land Use and road network-plan and long-term vision of the municipalities.
4. To prepare Detail Engineering Design of prioritized 2 sub-projects in each
municipality amounting not less than 30 crores for each project.
1.3 Understanding the Scope of Work

The scope of consulting services for the preparation of Integrated Urban Development Plan is
wider and comprehensive from all dimension, including legal, developmental, ownership of
the local government, support of the federal governments, identification of the problems/
challenges, creation of base maps, formulation of different kinds of planning, preparation of
DED for most potential two projects, and so on.:
 Formulate state of vision of the municipality separately for the long run development
 Study and formulate a detailed plan for 5, 10 and 15 years.
 Identify potential area for urban development based on land suitability and other
factors
 Conduct studies on present and future (5, 10 and 15 years) demand in infrastructures
 Conduct studies on existing social infrastructure
 Identify and assess critical, sensitive and other natural resources
 Verify Government, Guthi and Public Land
 Proposed Land Use Plan policy
 Building and Planning By-laws; is prepared for the construction of building and other
infrastructures with land use zoning i.e.,
i. Residential zone
ii. Institutional zone
iii. Industrial zone
iv. Preserved zone
v. Airport zone
vi. Recreation zone (sport, cinema theatre, swimming etc.)
vii. Urban expansion zone
viii. Stream/river banks zone
ix. Green zone
x. Apartment housing
xi. Petrol pump/Electric line/Cinema theatres and
xii. Mixed zone and others as per requirement.
 The planning and building By-laws include the following areas:

a) Minimum plot area
b) Minimum width of roads
c) Maximum ground coverage
d) Maximum floor ratio (FAR)
e) Maximum building height
f) Maximum no of floors
g) Right of way of roads
h) Setback in four sides of building
i) Minimum parking area
j) Lift (Elevator)
k) Minimum distance to be left on the both sides of stream/river

 In accordance with the “Basti Bikas, Sahari Yojana tatha Bhawan Nirman Sambandhi
Adharbhut Nirman Mapdanda, 2072”, the Building and Planning By-laws is prepared.
 Detailed engineering design; prepared for at least 2 prioritized projects in each

municipality, each projects should not be less than 30 crores.
 Executive summary of IUDP; for each municipality in Nepali and English language is
prepared for the purpose of approval from government of Nepal.
1.4 Expected Output

Municipality profile: An up to-date municipality profile has been prepared, comprising of
base-line information of the existing physical, social, economic, demographic, environment,
financial and organizational state of the municipality. Apart from the key statistics, such base
line information shall also include textual descriptions, maps, charts, diagram, and key
problems prevailing in the settlements and the municipality.
Analysis: The Plan includes different types of analytical components. To mention:
 Trend analysis: The analysis is going to reveal among other things growth trend of
population, migration, land use, infrastructure provisions, import-export of goods,
agricultural outputs, jobs, and other economic opportunities of last 10 years.
 SWOT analysis: This reveals potentiality of the municipalities based on its strength
and opportunities. The analysis shall also reveal the weaker side of the municipalities
which tends to pose threat to the future development of the municipalities.
 Spatial analysis: The analysis clearly presents demand and supply situation of vacant
land, besides including land develop-ability analysis. The analysis, therefore, shows
the location where the future growth can be channelized.
 Financial analysis: The analysis reveals income potential (revenue and non-revenue)
and financing sources including expenditure pattern of the municipalities for the past
recent years and forecast for the future.
 Municipal vision: To make the vision operational, necessary development principles
to guide the sectoral activities also need to be outlined. Vision and principles are
going to be formulated in consultation with municipality/Municipal body, local
stakeholders.
 Sectoral goals, objectives, output & programs: These plans are being formulated
mainly using Logical Framework Approach (LFA), and supplemented by
performance indicators by means of verification of such indicator as far as
practicable. Sectors, which are included are - environmental, social, economic
development, disaster management, financial mobilization, and organization
development. These sectoral plans and programs have been formulated in
consultation with municipality, local stakeholders.
Long-term Physical Development Plan (PDP): Physical plan generally reveals the future
desired urban form of the Municipality, keeping in view of planning horizon of 15 years and
also classify the municipality land revealing broadly urban areas, urban expansion areas,
natural resource areas and also calamity prone areas. Such physical plan would be separately
supplemented by the relevant data and thematic maps of existing land use, environmentally
sensitive areas, and infrastructure services such as road network with parking spaces,
transportation, water supply and drainage system, sewerage network, solid waste
management including landfill site, telecommunication network and electricity distribution
network. A classification of the open space will also be justified within municipality areas.
Plan should also be supplemented by social and economic data and thematic maps revealing
the social and economic infrastructures of the Municipality. New concepts such low carbon
city, food green city, garden city etc. have been also recommended wherever it is required.
Social Development Plan: Social development plan significantly contributes to bring
qualitative improvement in the lives of the common people. Attention has been given focus
on social development program when social development program is getting priority in the
present context. The plan has been under formulation on the basis of the analysis of social
condition of municipal area. This essentially covers the different aspects of Education; Public
health; Security (physical as well as social); Cultural and Sports; Parks& open spaces; and
other urban social service centers (information, library, and space for social gathering, etc.).
Conservation, Cultural& Tourism Development Plan: Cultural development plan
significantly contributes to bring qualitative improvement in the conservation of local cultural
heritage, art and architecture. Similarly, more attention has been given to the preservation of
tangible and intangible cultures. This plan essentially covers the following aspect:
 Identification and preservation of important Cultural heritage sites
 Plan for conservation of both material and non-material cultures and linked them to
tourism development plan
 Culture centers (local craft, paint, architecture, museum, culture exchange,
exhibition, etc.)
Economic Development Plan: Economic development plan may be based on the economic
potentiality of the municipalities. This has covered the following aspect:
 Areas of comparative advantage
 Industrial development as per comparative advantages
 Employment generation and poverty reduction
 Regional competitiveness of the municipality
 Agricultural development
 Rural urban linkage- strategic location of different market center/ product collection
centers
 Micro/small industry and business promotion
 Possible EZs based on local economic growth potentials (driving forces)
Financial Development plan: The following aspects are kept considered while formulation
the financial plan:
 Analysis and projection of municipality’s income and expenditure, revenue
improvement action plan,
 Financial analysis and assessment of possible financial resources for the

implementation of IUDP in the municipality.
 Allocation of development budget (for coming five year), cost sharing among
sectoral agencies, and expenditure management action plan
 Promotional strategy of private sector and civil society (PPP)
 Financial and economic analysis of proposed prioritized projects. Other’s as per
municipality’s requirements.
Institutional Development Plan: Human resources development plan and organizational

development plan are the areas of the institutional development plan. Following factors are
going to be considered in the formulation of institutional development plan.
 Decentralization, good governance and mobilization of people’s participation

 Appropriate and optimum use of local skills,
 Review the existing human resources and propose the institutional setup
 Institutional coordination and establishment of network,
 Organizational capacity and capacity building.
Building By-laws: The complete planning and building By-laws should be formulated with
the overlay of cadastral map of the municipal area. This should be based on the municipal
vision and objectives. This may cover following;
 General definition
 Zoning classification and By-laws/ regulations
 Implementation mechanism & procedures etc.
Multi-Sectoral Investment Plan (MSIP): Such plan should reveal short and long-term
programs/projects, tentative cost estimate, and probable financing sources prioritized in
sequential manner for the planning period of each five years. Such programs/projects should
be to cater to both the short-term, mid-term and long-term needs of the municipality and the
wards, and should be consistent with the long-term development plan, sectoral goals and
objectives, and the vision. Furthermore, MSIP should clearly reveal programs/projects for
each fiscal year for the first five years. Such MSIP should be pragmatic, and be consistent
with the financial resource plan. The municipal level plan/projects (Mega project) and the
projects that can be implemented exclusively by municipality also should be clearly
mentioned in MSIP. It is suggested that the plan/projects that have to be implemented by
different line agency in MSIP, included after thoroughly consultation with the concern
offices.
Detail Engineering Design of Prioritized Major Projects: In order to prepare reliable
project banks for the recent execution of different projects in municipality, consultants are
expected to prepare Detail Engineering Design of minimum 2 projects in different sector in
each municipality. It should contain detail engineering and architectural design, detail cost
estimate and BOQ. The prioritized project should be identified in consultation with
concerned municipalities but with the rationale and discussed and approved by DUDBC. The
cost estimate of each project should not be less than 30 crores. Soil test shall be conducted
for DED project as per necessity. Necessary details engineering drawings should be
submitted in separate volumes.
Urban Transportation Management Plan
The following parameters have been integrated with proposed land use plan:
 Road classification with right of way.
 Road network.
 Traffic management plan.
 Parking management.
 Road safety.
Preparation of Base Map

The Base map of the municipality has included:
 GIS based base map including: existing streets (with coding system), building
footprints with building use, occupancy and general demographics based on the latest
archive satellite image.
 Population density and growth rate
 Existing land use (housing, commercial, industrial, agricultural, natural, mixed use,
guthi land, public space, squatted land…)
 Slope and watershed analysis.
 Transportation (roads with classification – national highways, feeder roads, district
roads and urban roads (administrative classification), parking space, bus park, public
transportation routes, frequencies and stops, airport and destinations)
 Water supply, sewerage system (sewerage network, discharge points, treatment plant
if any).
 Solid waste (coverage of public and private collection system, formal and informal
waste management sites, recycling points).
 Electricity (production and transportation infrastructure, grid power coverage, street
lighting)
 Public services (health, education, police, rescue services, cemeteries, administrative
 services)
 Environment (erosion, pollution, forest, water bodies)
 Culture and tourism (temples, museums, cinemas, vie ws, monuments, performance
places, festival routes)
1.5 Structure of the Report
The report is divided into five volumes i.e. Volume I – Main Report, Volume II – Municipal
Profile, Volume III – Maps, Volume IV – Detail Engineering Design and Volume V –
Building Bye Law. For easy management of the whole report, it is divided into such volumes.
Each volumes contains different information about the respective municipality and its
prepared plans.
The main report provides information about the methodology of the project, study and
analysis of the municipality and proposed integrated urban development plans with various
development plans with vision, mission, goal and DEDs.
Structure
of Report
Vol. I Vol. II Vol. III Vol. IV Vol. V
Main Municipal GIS Building

Profile DED Bye-laws
Report Maps
Figure 1: Flow chart of Structure of the report
2 CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY
2.1 Conceptual Framework
This chapter briefly narrates the whole methodological approach and process adopted during
the data collection, analysis and planning for the IUDP. There was data collection (primary
and secondary data) and followed by field visit to validate the data and further information
acquisition. Meetings were conducted on municipality level for preparing a development plan
with participatory way. The data collected were analytically compared for identifying a gap
in the planning process. Finally, an integrated urban development plan was prepared based on
these findings. The figure below shows different phases for preparation of IUDP.
Figure 2: Methodological Flow Chart During IUDP Project
2.2 Field Team Mobilization

For conducting survey in the field, the required personals were appointed. Every team were
provided with questionnaires, secondary data, maps, GPS and other required materials. The
team consisted of a team leader, urban planner, engineer, social expert, GIS expert,
environment expert and surveyor. The complete team collected every information related to
the municipality for the preparation of the IUDP development plans.
2.3 Secondary Data Collection & Conducting Survey
The available maps and past data were collected from government and non-government
organizations such as Survey Department of Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics, Department
of Urban Development and Building Construction, Municipality office etc. From Survey
Department, the available Topographical maps, District maps, Aerial photographs, Digital
Maps, Municipality Boundary etc. were collected. Furthermore, Internet based research was
done through which Google Earth, Google Map, Open Street Map etc. for map and
MoFALD, Data in Nepal, official Municipality Website, Rajpatra etc. were referred for the
preparation of municipal profile.
All these maps and data were used to understand the geographical location, climatic
condition, road networks, existing topographical condition, demographic status, economic &
financial status, ethnic groups, settlement etc. Also, the prepared Municipality Profiles and
their Plans, Periodic Plan of District Coordination Committee (DCC), other relevant plans &
different reports of the stakeholders, were collected from municipal/ward level offices and
critically reviewed.
Similarly, relevant acts, regulations, planning norms & standards, guidelines etc. were also
summarized properly to visualize the concept of Integrated Development Plans and
Building By-laws for Nepalese context.
2.4 Public Consultation Plan
Induction Workshop at the Municipality Level
A one-day induction workshop was organized in the Khairahani municipality on Shrawan 6,
2075 BS. The concerned stakeholders were invited and they took participation, including
municipal council members, political leaders, people’s representatives, civil society groups
and government officials in the municipality.
An introductory power point presentation was held by the consultant depicting the concept
and need of planning, potential and prospects of the settlement and its possible lead
sectors. The major achievements and activities during the inductive workshops were:
 Familiarization for the IUDP project
 SWOT analysis (discussion about strength, weakness, opportunities and threats
 Discussion for Vision Setting (desire for changes, planning implications in
different sectors for the sustainable development of the municipality)
 Formation of directive committee for the IUDP under the chair of chairperson of
the municipality
 Formation of sub-committees in different themes:
NREC-MCS-GI JV 10 | P a g e
 Land use plan and building code sub-committee

 Road bylaws sub-committee
 Sub-committee for education, health, infrastructure, housing, disaster
management, security, water supply and sanitation, livelihood,
environment and climate change.
Photo 1: Consultation with Municipal Authorities at Khairahani Municipality
PRA and FGDs at the Ward Level

Strategic resources/project at major settlements/village centers were ascertained
through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) by holding citizens gathering/meeting. The
PRAs were carried out in each ward of the municipality, which were further converted to the
FGDs. The vision of the integrated urban development was duly considered while
performing the PRA and FGDs involving the people’s representatives and local
stakeholders, including Tole Development Organizations (TDOs) and their
subcommittees.
Following participatory methods, it then collected physical environment, social, economic,

financial, and institutional were gathered from sources such as office records or archive,
municipalities reports, ward profile, published academic or professional repots, and data
published by CBS. T h e n t h e a nalysis included both trend, spatial analysis using GIS,
and interpretation of aerial photographs. During the FGDs, the perception of local people
and institutions was collected.
During the FGDs, different issues such as the economic potentialities, possibility of future
expansion of the settlements, rural-urban linkages, major problems facing/may face in the
future and key projects were focused during the focus group discussion. The information
from FGD and PRA were helpful to identify the potential sectors and major problems of the
settlements. Furthermore, such obtained information also suggested to choose DED projects
from all the selected projects of the particular settlement.
Photo 2: FGD at Ward Level of Khairahani Municipality
Key Informants Interviews (KIIs)

Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted to gather the firsthand knowledge by
selecting representatives from civil society, political parties, local focal person, and
ward members. Information related to land use changes, local practices for developmental
works, potential sectors of the settlements, economic, social linkages etc. were collected
through this method.
Survey fill-up after the FGDs
After the completion of FGD, an Institutional Survey was conducted with a prepared set-up
of the questionnaire check-list. The information regarding educational, financial, social
institutions and others private and governmental agencies were collected using the checklist.
In addition, data related to open spaces, name of major settlements, touristic destinations,
agriculture practices, major market centers etc. were collected during the process.
2.5 Primary Data Collection
Preparation of Questionnaire and Checklists
The compilation of secondary data and maps was done after the Literature Review. Findings
of obtained secondary information were incorporated into larger database system and cross-
tabulated. On the basis of literature review and scope of work, checklists and questionnaires
were also prepared to collect primary data from field. The tools used for primary data
collection were Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA),
Global Positioning System (GPS), Induction & Sectoral workshops etc.
Focus Group Discussion was held with different stakeholders like local people, local
leaders, Women group, Dalit, Janajati, Business community etc. Similarly, a Key Informant
Survey Questionnaire was also prepared to collect data from individuals, experts and
different institutions (i.e. municipalities/wards offices, DUDBC Division office,
NGO/INGO, municipality/district different line agencies etc.). These questionnaires and
checklists has been attached in annex section.
Consultation with Stakeholders
The consultants m a d e a n i n t e n s i v e consultation with the local stakeholders such as
representatives of municipalities, TDOs, user’s committee, concerned line agencies, local
people residing within the study area. An interaction was made with the local stakeholders
about the project being carried out by the consultant. They were fully informed about the
objective and the scope of the project. The consultant tried to eliminate any negative
rumors about the project during the discussion. Also, they tried to clarify the
ambiguities about project. The consultant not only expected the co-operation from
stakeholders but also tried to achieve participatory approach in execution of the project.
The objective of consultation was to gather information, sensitize local stakeholders and
identify problems which are done through.
2.6 Preparation of GIS Base and Preparation of Thematic Maps
A base map is a layout of the spatial data and/or orthorectified imagery which serves as
background settings for overlay, dissemination, analysis and delineation of spatial and non-
spatial data. The base map basically serves as background layout for the study of specific area
in terms of physical and temporal status of the ground features.
GIS Base Map
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer based database system that contains
location information along with other attribute information of the ground features. Various
open source and proprietary programs such as QGIS, ArcGIS, Grass etc. can be used to
retrieve information from data base, perform various spatial analysis and delineate the results
in graphical and/ or in tabular form as per the requirement of the user. A graphical
representation of the database system that serves as background layout is called GIS based
base map. It contains location information, feature type information and attribute information
in tabular form which can be accessed from any GIS program and delineated in graphical
form as digital map. This graphical form can be printed in required layout format and scale to
generate a paper map.
An urban area contains various features such as buildings, transportation network, cultivation
land, forest, industrial area, water bodies etc. In order to prepare a GIS based urban base map,
the ground features of the urban area must be classified and proper geometrical representation
of each class must be identified. A GIS based urban base map is an integrated database
system where ground features of urban area are stored by using suitable geometrical
representation and their non-spatial information are attached to them in tabular form in
systematic order. The location information, geometrical information and the attribute
information are stored together in a data base called Geo-database.
Data Models
Various data models are developed to store the location, geometrical and attribute data in
systematic order in geographic information system. Some of them are suitable for one
purpose and some of them are suitable for another purpose
Raster Data
The common features of any urban area are Buildings, Roads, Cultivation Land, Forest,
industrial area, Water bodies etc. These features can be represented by a surface divided into
a regular grid of cells having unique value to each cell. The value of each cell corresponds to
the ground feature. The GIS program interprets the value and represent the cell with different
cartographic variables such as color, texture, intensity, pattern etc. while displaying the data
in graphical form. This data storage format is called raster data format.
Vector Data
Each urban features have some geometrical shape associated with it along with its specific
non-spatial information. The geometry of the feature could be represented by set of point, line
and polygon and the non-spatial information could be attached to each geometric figure in the
form of attribute. Representation of ground feature using this method is called Vector data
model.
Geo-referencing
The image data from any satellite sensor contained error due to different factors such as
climate, perturbation of satellite orbit, topographic undulations etc. In order to rectify the
effects of these factors on the geometry of the ground features, Geo-referencing of the
satellite image has been completed using the geodetic ground control points and DGPs points.
In Geo-referencing, several points of known coordinates with their known physical location
on the surface of the earth were collected. In GIS program, the points were identified on the
satellite image with the help of its D-Card and its coordinate is assigned. After assignment of
the coordinates of several points on satellite image, each pixel of the image re-defined its
coordinate on the basis of known coordinates. The detail of the coordinates of the ground
control points and its D-cards are attached in the Annex IV.
DGPS
Several Ground control points with high spatial accuracy were established using differential
global positioning system. These ground control points have been used for Geo-referencing
of the satellite image.
Datum and Projection System:
The datum, generally used in Nepal is Everest 1830 Spheroid datum. It is an
oblate ellipsoid of rotation formed by rotating an ellipse whose major axis and minor axis
were nearly equal to that of the equatorial axis and polar axis of the Earth.
Spatial data
The geometrical as well as attribute information of ground features has been stored in a
database called geo-database. GIS program has been used to retrieve the data and delineate it
in the form of map.
Figure 3: Spatial data of municipality
Non spatial data

The non-spatial data were delineated by using symbols corresponding to the service type of
the feature. These symbol enhanced the information. The non-spatial data such as names,
service type, ownership etc. of the ground features were acquired by physically visiting the
site. For the geographical location of the feature its GPS coordinate was noted and the feature
type itself were classified and recorded separately at the time of data collection. A data sheet
was created for each feature type such as school, health service, Government offices etc.
along with its geographical location. The sheet was added with the geometry table in GIS
system. While delineating the data, GIS program has delineated geometry data with any
attribute information associated with it as required by the user.
Geographical Location: Khairahani is one of the developing Municipality lies in Chitwan

District. It lies within the bounding box of coordinates (840, 38’45.816”,270, 41’6.2484”) and
(840, 30’56.4696”,270, 32’49.0884”) in modified universal transverse Mercator coordinate
system.
Satellite Image:
Satellite images of cell size (0.2820024, 0.2820024) m in WGS84 containing the bounding
box of Khairahani Municipality was secured in WGS84 coordinate system. In order to
identify the political boundary of this municipality, political map of Nepal has been secured
from cartographic division of Survey Department of Nepal. The datum of this GIS data was
Everest 1830 datum and the projection system was Modified Universal Transverse Mercator
(MUTM) system.
Datum Transformation:
In order to overlay the political boundary of municipality on the Image data, the spatial
reference system of both the data must be same. Several transformation parameters were
needed to transfer data from one datum to the other. For this purpose, we used 7-parameter
Helmert Transformation which involves 3 translations along 3-axeses, 3 rotations about 3-
axeses and one scale factor. The values of these parameter was obtained from geodetic
division of Survey department of Nepal and is listed below:
Table 1: Transformation Parameter from WGS84 Datum to Everest 1830 Datum
Parameters Estimated Values
Translation in X axis(m) 124.3813
Translation in Y axis(m) -521.6700
Translation in Z axis(m) -764.5137
Translation in X axis(sec) -17.1488
Translation in Y axis(sec) 8.11536
Translation in Z axis(sec) -11.1842
Scale factor (ppm) 2.1105
Projection:
After changing the datum, the data was to be projected in modified universal transverse
Mercator system. The parameters used to project Everest1830 datum into MUTM coordinate
system are as follows:
 Datum: Everest1830 Ellipsoid

 Semi-major axis = 6377276.3449999997
 Semi-Minor Axis = 6356075.4131402401
 Prime Meridian: Greenwich
 Central Meridian: 840 for Khairahani Municipality
 False Easting: = 500000.000m
 False Northing: = 0.000m
 Scale Factor: = 0.9999000000
 Latitude of Origin: = 0.000
 Linear Unit: = Meter
Map 1: Modified Universal Transverse Project system of Nepal
Digitization of Satellite Image

The high resolution satellite image of Khairahani Municipality was now sent into digitization
phase. A Geo-database of classified features was created which contained the shape file
layers of features of the municipality. The features were broadly classified into different
classes namely Building (polygon data type). Road (polyline data type), Cultivation land
(polygon data type), water body (polygon and polyline data type), Cross drainage structure
(polygon data type). These classes were latter sub-classified on the basis of attribute
information within same Geo-database.
Map 2: High Resolution Satellite Image of Khairahani Municipality
Map 3: Digitization of Satellite Image of Khairahani Municipality
Attribute Information Collection

In order to collect the attribute information of the ground features, a team of engineers was
mobilized in each municipality. Each team took a measuring tape, a GPS device, a
topographic map, data sheet and the base map of the municipality. This team has visited all
the natural and artificial ground features of all wards of the municipality. The team recorded
the geographical location of the feature from GPS and attribute information of the feature
from direct measurement, visual appearance, inquiry with local authority or inquiry with local
resident. The collected data sheet was digitized in excel sheet latter in the office. The spatial
and non-spatial data from Excel sheet was uploaded in digitized layers of the features. The
features classified in Geo-database were again sub-classified on the basis of attribute
information using GIS program.
2.7 Data Analysis
SWOT Analysis
To identify the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of municipality SWOT analysis
was conducted. SWOT analysis was carried out at FGD in ward level and induction
workshop at municipality level; to identify the lead sectors for vision setting.
Trend Analysis
Trend Analysis was done through the help of CBS data, maps and discussions. The data of
municipalities was provided through the sectorial workshop and induction report. The trend
of migration was identified according to the study of growing market areas. The land use
pattern of four different years was studied through maps and found out its land use changes.
The increasing pattern of settlement was seen and developing sectors were identified through
the land use map. The linkage of municipality and its market centers were studied through
both ways i.e. inter region and intra region. The actual trend of flow of goods and peoples
was studied during the analysis. Road network pattern was also analyzed. Developing
scenario of infrastructures were also analyzed. The various jobs and economic opportunities
from past and recent years; were also identified.
Spatial Analysis
Spatial analysis was conducted to identify and solve the complex location-oriented problems.
Spatial analysis helped decision makers to understand any event and its present and future
affects within its area of influence. Using spatial analysis, the information from many sources
were combined, overlaid and derived new sets of information by applying sophisticated set of
spatial operators. The spatial analysis has proven to be highly effective for evaluating service
area of some features, the most suitable geographic location for specific purposes, observing
accessibility of infrastructures and identifying new location, interpreting and understanding
change pattern, and much more.
Infrastructure and Necessity
Planning Norms & Standard, 2013 was studied to find out the necessities of infrastructure on
the basis of population.
GAP Analysis
The number of required infrastructures about different sectors like education, health, city hall,
public library, security, movie hall, fire-station etc. were found on the basis of provided
norms and standards by using existing population and projected population of municipality.
The no. of existing infrastructures of municipality, were also calculated. On the basis of these
existing and desired numbers, difference i.e. gap was found. This gap analysis, helped to find
the required number of infrastructures to propose in plan. Similarly, others appropriate
indicators were used to find the gap about solid waste, open spaces, road etc.
2.8 Vision Setting
Selection of vision is done during the sectoral workshop which was conducted at Ashwin
24-25, 2075. on municipality level. The consultant facilitated the workshop to set a long
term vision for the municipality along with the identification of lead sectors.
2.9 Sectoral Development Plans
On the basis of various analyses (SWOT, Trend, Spatial, Gap, ward etc.) and the
identification of lead sectors, necessary activities of the different sectors were listed in Excel
sheet with their budget and different time frame. The prepared checklist format for MSIP was
filled at the field. This format became helpful to compile the important activities too.
Thereafter, the different Logical Framework Approaches (LFAs) of different sectors were
tabulated for the formulation of different development plans. The vision, goals, and strategies
were determined for all development plans after fixing the objectives. Eventually, the
consultants prepared different development plans, viz. physical development, social
development, economic development, financial development, conservation and tourism
development, institutional development, environmental management, disaster risk
management plan, climate change adaptation plan and multi-sectoral investment plan. Thus,
all these plans constitute an Integrated Urban Development Planning (IUDP) for this
municipality.
2.10 Multi Sectoral Investment Plan
Various important sectors and programs were selected during the sectoral workshop.
Investment plans were prepared for every programs. Such plans revealed short and long term
programs, tentative cost estimate and probable financing sources. Those plans and programs
were prioritized in sequential manner for the planning period of each five years. Multi
sectoral investment plan was prepared for prioritizing projects according to its importance
and estimating required budget and investing sectors for related projects.
2.11 Preparation of DED
After the meetings and discussions with local bodies, related NGO/INGO, local parties and
other stakeholders, various plans and programs were listed which will help for the long term
development of the municipality. By considering the vision of the municipality and the DED
selection criteria provided by DUDBC, the major projects for DED were selected. Further,
the DED selection matrix is attached in Annex-1.
2.12 Preparation of Building Bye-laws

Bye laws is the guiding factor for development of the municipality. Studying land use map
and the housing pattern of the municipality, bye laws was prepared. Various sectors like road,
open space, different institutes, industrial areas, river and lakes, etc. were considered during
the preparation of bye laws. Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and Ground Coverage Ratio (GCR) of
different area should be different considering its land use pattern and built up areas.
Considering the GIS based map and settlement pattern, bye laws for different areas will be
different. Further, derail bye laws of the municipality are presented in Volume-V.
2.13 Limitation of the Study
Though the IUDP project is comprehensive in nature and there are many activities/ tasks
assigned as per the ToR of the agreement, the report has been constrained along with the
following limitations:
i. Time span of the project is limited (9 months) as compared to a wide range of the
activities (to be done) to accomplish the project
ii. The ToR does not tell about the scope and mandates of Household Survey which, in
turn, significantly limits the validity and reliability of the findings
iii. The attribute information of individual house about roof type, construction material
type and house occupancy is not included in geo-database for preparation of base-map
because the household survey was out of the scope of the project.
iv. Database of the municipality is not established in a scientific system; so data is not
available to show the trend of demographic changes (including migration),
agricultural production, number of tourist flow, economy (expenditure, revenue) and
climate change
v. As per the new Constitution, the local levels are restructured in March 2017 (and
formed 753 local units) in which many former VDCs have been merged into a single
municipality; so that the integration of secondary data (including the CBS database of
2011) is also problematic to produce a congruence for a single new municipality in
the changing context (particularly in terms of demographic status, health and
education, and caste/ ethnicity)
vi. The analysis of regional perspective (on competitiveness, external factors, tourism,
market relations and agriculture) has been limited due to data constraints as it would
need a wider domain of regional analysis and data integration. However, the linkage
analysis can reveal the regional comparative analysis.
3 CHAPTER III: EXISTING SITUATION/STATUS
Introduction: Khairahani Municipality lies in Chitwan District in Province no. 3, previously

Narayani zone of southern Nepal. It lies between 27.571°N latitude and 84.571°E longitude.
Khairahani municipality have an area of 85.75 Sq. km. The boundary of the Khairahani has
been delineated as Rapti Municipality in the east, Ratnanagar Municipality in the west,
Kalika Municipality in the north and Chitwan National Park and Madi Municipality in the
south. The municipality was established on 08 May 2014 by merging the existing
Khairahani, Kumroj and Chainpur VDCs under newly introduced federal system in the
country. The municipality is divided into total 13 wards.
Demographic Status: According to CBS 2011, the total household size is 12331. The total
population of the municipality is 56094 where 26075 (46.48%) are male and 30019(53.51%)
are female. The average household size is 4.54. The ward no. 10 is the largest in terms of
household (i.e. 1435 HHs) and also seems biggest in terms of the population size, i.e. 6716.
While as the smallest, ward no. 5 has only 589 HHs which has also the lowest population
size, i.e. 2726 in total.
Physical Status: The majority of total land area in Khairahani Municipality is covered by
cultivation 69.514%, 21.019% by forest, 2.193% by barren land. Similarly, 1.144% by
industrial area, 1.748% by river 2.253% by Built-up and remaining by Orchard, Tree cluster,
Grassland, Open space, Pond area, sand area etc. The majority of the road are gravel and
earthen road in the municipality whereas there is 24 blacktop road. Width of the road in the
municipality ranges from 4m to 20m width. 96.6% household of the municipality have access
to electricity facility however remaining household uses solar energy. The municipality have
the facility of different communication network such as NTC, NCELL etc. There is not
proper facility of drainage and sewerage in the municipality.
Social Status: Khairahani municipality has a mixed type of caste/ethnic composition
including Brahmin, Chhetri, tharu, magar, tamang, newar, Khas-Aryas and the Mongolians.
The presence of Tharu community is common in most of the wards. Majority of the
population follows the Hindu religion and speak Nepali language as their mother tongue,
which is then followed by Magar language. With regard to social institution, there are 12
aama samuha,15 women group, 29 youth clubs, 3 child club and 1 sports club. According to
CBS 2011, the literacy rate of the municipality is 74.25% where male literacy rate is 81.82%
and female literacy rate is 67.81%. There are 37 primary school in the municipality as well as
there is 4 higher secondary and 3 graduate and post graduate school. There is 3 government
health post at ward no. 2, 6 & 10 in the municipality as well as 1 government Khop Kendra
and 1 mental hospital at ward no. 11. There is 1 private health post at ward no. 12 and 15
private health clinics and medical hall.
Economic: The main market areas of the municipality include Malpani, Kumroj, Fulbari
Tole, Janachetana Tole, Kapiya, Bairiya, Gauwala, Bairiya and Harnari. There is linkage of
goods to nearby municipalities and districts. Most of the important goods are imported from
Kathmandu and distributed to other municipalities. Mainly goods are imported from
Bharatpur and Hetauda. Places inside the municipality like Gauwa, Phasera and Sisahani
depend on these market for goods and services.
Khairahani there are number of small, medium scale and cottage industries. Brick factory,
poultry, food, sand and stone and gas factories are growing day by day. Major employment of
the people residing in the municipality is agriculture and livestock followed by labor work
and foreign employment. The major crops produced in the municipality are rice, wheat,
mustard, seasonal vegetable, fruits, etc.
Environmental: The municipality lies in an altitude of 190 m. above from sea level. The
municipality consist of gentle and moderate slope. 97% of the area is gentle and 3% of area is
moderate.
The municipality consist of tropical climate. November-December and January are the
coldest months while May, June and July are the hottest months. Dry summer season begins
in the month of March. The maximum average temperature in the municipality ranges from
28ºC to 30ºC whereas the minimum average temperature ranges from 22ºC to 24ºC. The
annual average precipitation in the municipality ranges from 1758 mm to 1995 mm. The
annual average wind speed ranges from 1.15 m/s to 1.23 m/s. There are 12 community forest
in the municipality. The largest community forest in term of area is Kakali Community Forest
with the area of 760.7 Hectare which lies in ward no. 4.
Financial Status: There are 14 banks and 47 saving and credit cooperatives and
multipurpose cooperative in the municipality. The total expenditure of the municipality is Rs
438896000 out of which current year expenditure of the municipality is Rs 122300000
whereas capital expenditure is Rs 316596000. Similarly, the total revenue of the municipality
is Rs. 401027000 Out of which Rs 393817000 is transfer from government, Rs 7210000 from
internal taxes. Therefore, there is deficit in the budget of the municipality.
Institutional organizational structure: After the federalization, the local government
operation Act, 2017 was introduced which provides the legal framework for local
government to operate. Khairahani municipality is operating as per the duties, function and
responsibilities as provided by the Act.
Religious, Culture and Tourism: There are different castes and ethnic groups living in the
municipality. This municipality is blessed with sacred places like Harashwore temple,
Kankali temple, Cheemkya devi temple, Daraibota Lake, Shivalaya, Buddha Gumba etc. The
cultural home-stays of Tharu ethnic groups has added beauty to the glory of the municipality.
The main touristic site is Home Stay, Kumrose Madhya community Forest, Dharai botya
Lake, Tharu culture museum and home stay, Kankali Temple in the municipality.
4 CHAPTER IV: SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE MUNICIPALITY
4.1 Trend Analysis
4.1.1 Demographic Analysis

Due to newly formed municipality, the recent municipal population growth rate was
unavailable. Thus, as per the census 2011, an integrated form of ward-specific population and
households is further updated with recent database system on the basis of exponential
population growth rate of Chitwan district for 2001-2011, i.e. 2.06% was taken. Following
the same progression rate, the existing population in the municipality in 2018 is 64700, while
this is projected be 71645 in 2023, 79334 in 2028 and 87849 in 2033.
The demographic status in terms of sex with merging VDCs of the Khairahani municipality
has been presented in the Table below:
Table 2: Ward-wise HHs and population structure in 2017 and projection (2018-2033)
Existing population
HHs Population (2011)
Projected Population (@2.06%)
Ward (2011
) Femal
Total Male 2018 2023 2028 2033
e
1 1121 4981 2363 2618 5745 6362 7045 7801
2 1044 4514 2086 2428 5207 5765 6384 7069
3 742 3553 1623 1930 4098 4538 5025 5564
4 872 3738 1680 2058 4311 4774 5287 5854
5 589 2726 1252 1474 3144 3482 3855 4269
6 1100 4893 2338 2555 5644 6249 6920 7663
7 630 3026 1339 1687 3490 3865 4280 4739
8 1370 5915 2933 2982 6823 7555 8366 9264
9 1073 4970 2293 2677 5733 6348 7029 7784
10 1435 6716 3067 3649 7746 8578 9499 10518
11 605 2980 1343 1637 3437 3806 4215 4667
12 848 3956 1799 2157 4563 5053 5595 6196
13 902 4126 1959 2167 4759 5270 5835 6462
5609
Total 12331 26075 30019 64700 71645 79334 87849
4
(Source: CBS, 2012; MoFALD, 2017)
4.1.2 Land Use Analysis & Urbanization

4.1.2.1 Existing Land Use
The majority of total land area in Khairahani Municipality is covered by cultivation 69.514%,
21.019% by forest, 2.193% by barren land. Similarly, 1.144% by industrial area, 1.748% by
river 2.253% by Built-up and remaining by Orchard, Tree cluster, Grassland, Open space,
Pond area, sand area etc.
Table 3: Land cover of Khairahani municipality
S.N Land cover Area (Km2) Percentage (%)

1 Forest 17.975 21.019
2 Cultivation 59.447 69.514
3 Barren land 1.875 2.193
4 Orchard 0.042 0.049
5 Tree cluster 0.011 0.013
6 Grassland 0.554 0.648
7 Industrial area 0.978 1.144
8 Open space 0.007 0.008
9 River 1.495 1.748
10 Pond area 1.133 1.325
11 Sand area 0.072 0.084
12 Built up 1.927 2.253
Total 85.518 100%
Source: GIS Land Cover, 2018 (prepared for IUDP by NREC J-V)
Further, land use map of the municipality has been presented below:
Map 4: Land use map of Khairahani Municipality
4.1.2.2 Housing
Haphazard settlement pattern is seen in Khairahani municipality. Buildings are concentrated
mainly at Purano Parsa. In some areas like Jyamire and around the main highway, there is
linear development of buildings. The main reason for haphazard development is due to the
market center and also due to the construction of buildings at the cultivation land of
respective land owner by their choice. Market area i.e. Purano Parsa is developed along the
main highway due to the easy accessibility. Settlements are dispersed along the municipality.
Map 5: Settlement pattern in Khairahani Municipality

4.1.2.3 Existing Urban Structure
In Khairahani municipality, mixed pattern is seen along the main highway. Commercial area,
residential area, financial institutions and health institutions are seen in close proximity.
Northern and southern part of the municipality contains residential area including some
health posts and schools. The regional linkage between Kathmandu, Makawanpur and
Nawalparasi is seen in the municipality for the exchange of goods and products. Migration of
people from the municipality is mostly seen in Kathmandu. Sufficient roads are seen which
passes along most of the settlements.
4.1.2.4 Change in Built-Up Area
The land use of Khairahani is in changing pattern due to the change of the settlement area.
Following graph shows the changing land use pattern (settlement, cultivation, forest and
water body) of Khairahani municipality of year 2005, 2010 and 2017.
Figure 4: Changing area for forest and water bodies in three different years
In the above graph, it shows the changing land use pattern of Khairahani in years in terms of
percentage. The area of the municipality is 85.54 sq.km. The settlement area is increased by
3.15% in 11 years’ period. Due to the increasing market area and migration, we can see the
change in settlement pattern. Similarly, cultivation land is in decreasing trend in different
years (decreased by 6.672% in 12 years). So, we can see that settlement is increasing around
cultivation land which automatically results in decreasing in cultivation area.
Another graph shows the change in the forest area of the municipality which indicates
increasing in the forest area. The percentage of land covered by forest in 2005, 2010 and
2017 are 20.814%, 21.513% and 21.991% respectively. There is 1.177% increase in the
forest area in 12 years’ time period. Water body in the municipality is decreased by 3.35%. It
shows that area of water body is decreased and it is drying up and forest area is increased
around the water body. So, there is encroachment around the cultivation land and water body
by settlement and forest area.
Figure below shows the change in the settlement pattern of main market area of Khairahani
municipality.
The figure below illustrates the change in the settlement, cultivation, forest and water body of
various settlements are also presented below:
Area in 2006 : 1808582 Area in 2010 : 2161993 Area in 2017 : 2791594

sq.m sq.m sq.m
Map 6: Settlement pattern of Khairahani
Area in 2006 : 17169 sq.m Area in 2010: 26519 Sq. m Area in 2017 : 49954 Sq.m
Map 7: Settlement pattern of Chainpur
Area in 2006 : 142613 sq.m Area in 2010 : 193467 sq.m Area in 2017 : 271629 sq.m
Map 8: Settlement pattern of Kathar Bazar
Map 9: Cultivation Land pattern of Kapiva
Area in 2005 : 1091757 Area in 2010 : 875924 sq.m Area in 2017 : 847074 sq.m
sq.m
Map 10: Cultivation Land pattern of Gauwa
Map 11: Cultivation Land pattern of Siddhipur

sq.m sq.m sq.m
Map 12: Forest pattern of Kathar

sq.m sq.m sq.m
Map 13: Forest pattern of Simreni

sq.m sq.m sq.m
Map 14: Forest pattern of Kankaidanda
Map 15: Water body pattern of Patihani
Area in 2009 : 3834123 Area in 2012 : 1340822 Area in 2017 : 944633 sq.m
sq.m sq.m
Map 16: Water body pattern of Kumroj 6
Map 17: Water body pattern of Kunaghari
4.1.2.5 Risk Analysis

Landslide Risk
Landslide and erosion which are the common problems associated with rivers and are natural
drivers of changing landscape in some part of the municipality. Fragile and unstable
topography is the causative factor for landslide, also during Monsoon the level of water and
current increases and the river cuts the bank causing mass wasting.
Landslide risk analysis was done through GIS by analyzing various driving factors of
landslide, various data including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI),
Precipitation data, Slope and elevation data were used to carry-out geo-spatial analysis to
identify the areas prone to landslide. No landslide prone areas were detected during GIS
analysis in Khairahani but precautions during construction works are advisable.
Flood Risk
The settlement areas located near to the river bank are more prone to flooding and river
cutting. Million tons of soil nutrients are lost annually from agricultural land as a result of
soil erosion and flooding. This has affected large number of households. Flood risk analysis
was done through GIS by analyzing various driving factors of flood, various data including
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), stream order, Slope and elevation data
were used to carry-out geo-spatial analysis to identify the areas prone to flood.
The total area susceptible to flood in the municipality is 2397.6 Ha, out of which 50.4 Ha of
land is found highly susceptible to flood, while remaining 2347.2 Ha of area in the
municipality has low susceptibility towards flood. All the wards are susceptible to flood but
the wards 3 and 10 seem to contain larger flood prone areas. Flood susceptible areas are
shown in the figure below.
Ward Low High Total

no. Flood Flood Flood
(Ha) (Ha) (Ha)
1 78.3 5.04 83.34
2 186.66 0.63 187.29
3 433.44 16.47 449.91
4 121.86 2.25 124.11
5 116.19 0.45 116.64
6 138.33 1.62 139.95
7 181.53 2.52 184.05
8 61.2 14.94 76.14
9 205.02 1.26 206.28
10 594.99 3.96 598.95
11 25.92 0 25.92
12 131.67 0.99 132.66
13 72.09 0.27 72.36
Total 2347.2 50.4 2397.6
Map 18: Flood Prone zones of Khairahani Municipality
Table 4: Status of disaster in Khairahani municipality
Settlement
Major Disasters Displacement From Available Plan Or
Ward Risk Detail
(Name) Disaster/Risk Present Needs
(Yes/No)
Bhayar Khola 1 Flood Yes River Tiding
Laxmi Khola 1 Flood Yes River Tiding
2
3 Flood Yes River Tiding
Khola 4 Flood Yes River Tiding
Awareness Program
Forest Fire 4 Yes
To Local People
Dam Under
Construction By
Khola 5 Flood Yes Swiss Project,
Eastern Dam And
River Tiding
Houses,
Farming, River Tiding,
Flood 6 Land Duban Yes Rescue Team
And Human Needed
Risk
Land Create Disaster
Flood and Landslide
7 Cutting / Yes Management Fund
Fire In Forest
Duban In Municipality
River Tiding,
Human Risk Proper Road On
Flood And Fire 8
Low Village For Fire
Brigade Veihcle
Chanda And Pampha
9 Flood River Tiding
Khola Flood
Flood
20% Of Area
Heavy Windustries 10 River Tiding
Farming Lass
And Storm
Flood
Dam Under
Wild Animals Attack,
11 Construction By
Heavy Windustries
Swiss Project,
And Storm
Budi Rapti Khola
(3km)
Budi Rapti and
12 - River Tiding
Dhungha Khola (6km)
Umraha Khola ( 4.5
Km)
Flood
Risk From Wild 13
Animals
(Source: PRA/FGD, 2018)
Fire Risk
Khairahani Municipality consists of both communities managed as well as government
managed forests and thus the risk of forest fire as well. Other common uses of fire by farmers
include burning crop residue and converting forest to agricultural land. Because fire removes
the organic matter and provides an ash bed, which facilitates the growth of grasses, local
people set fire to gather ash, which is locally used as manure. The risk of fire is mainly likely
to outbreak during the windy and the dry season e.g. Chaitra & Baisakh. The lack of
equipment and skilled human resources such as trained fire fighters pose serious challenges
in the municipality. Forest fire map of Khairahani produced using NASA's Fire Information
for Resource Management System (FIRMS) data and Department of Forest Research and
Survey`s forest type data is given below.
Map 19: Forest Fire Risk Zone of Khairahani Municipality
Other Risk
Loss of cultivated land, grass/grazing and forest land due to river encroachment is a common
problem, while in some parts abandoned by channels or old riverbeds have been brought into
cultivation or reused as grazing areas or used for tree plantations in hazard areas. The river
morphology is unpredictable i.e. increase bank cutting, bifurcation and flooding which one is
common problem and reoccur every year. Regarding this, sand extraction is also common in
some rivers for household purpose causing huge impact on riverine environment such as
destruction of aquatic habitat, flooding, change in river morphology etc. There is
War Low
d no. Drought
Final Report:(Ha)
Preparation of Integrated Urban Development Plan (IUDP) of Khairahani Municipality
1 61.10
2 136.73
deforestation and habitat degradation in all wards due to construction of rural roads. The big
3 140.16
settlement
4 areas
45.58 are located near to forest area causing further degradation of forest
Another
5 major41.82problem in the municipality is drought. Drought is a natural phenomenon that
6
has drastic 27.61
implications on human lives, food insecurity and natural resources degradation.
7 22.87
Due to drought peoples are suffering from water shortages affecting agriculture, with social
8 48.44
consequences
9
such as famine, hunger, and migration. Drought risk analysis was done through
127.50
GIS10by analyzing
89.52 various driving factors of drought; data including Normalized Difference
Vegetation
11 Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) were used to
33.33
12 77.51
carry-out geo-spatial analysis to identify the areas prone to drought. In Khairahani
13 74.00
municipality, 926.18 Ha of total area has low risk of drought and all the wards are susceptible
Total 926.18
to drought as seen in the map below. Wards no 2, 3 and 9 seem to contain larger areas
susceptible to drought.
Map 20: Drought Risk Zone of Khairahani Municipality
Table 5: Disaster calendar of Khairahani Municipality
Months
S.N. Disasters
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
2 Fire
3 Soil
erosion
4 Flood
5 Drought
The disasters are found to occur mainly during the months of March to September.
4.1.2.6 Open Space

There is 69.514% of cultivable land in the municipality. These are also the open land but they
are not calculated as open spaces. In the municipality, there are eight major open spaces
which are used for various purposes i.e. recreation, sports, etc. Those space lies near Jyamire,
Purano Parsa, west of Khairahani2, Northwest of Simaltandi, Basyauli, Chainpur, Northwest
of Kathar and Ratomate. Conservation of these open space is most in the developing area like
Khairahani. The map showing open space in Khairahani municipality is shown below:
Map 21: Map showing open spaces in Khairahani Municipality
From the above map, it is found that there is lack of open space in areas like Chainpur,
Tungara, Badgaun, Ghogarela and Gauwa. For quality living, open spaces in these remaining
areas should be proposed.
4.2 Spatial Analysis
Any topographic feature or event on the earth surface is related with location information
and, hence, can be placed on the map. The Geographic Information System answers the
question, what is present and where it is. The real world can be represented as discrete data,
stored by its exact geographic location (called “vector data”), or continuous data represented
by regular grids (called “raster data”).
Spatial analysis allows to solve complex location-oriented problems and better understand
where and what is occurring in our world. Spatial analysis lends new perspectives to our
decision making. Using spatial analysis, we can combine information from many sources and
derive new sets of information by applying a sophisticated set of spatial operators. So, the
spatial analysis has proven to be highly effective for evaluating the geographic suitability of
certain locations for specific purposes, estimating and predicting service provided area,
interpreting and understanding change pattern, observing accessibility of infrastructures and
identifying new location, and much more.
Easy Accessibility Analysis

Accessibility analysis is a very useful tool for bringing together all aspects of transport
system along with spatial distribution of various infrastructures such as education facilities,
health facilities, market places etc. in different land zoning. It provides an integrated measure
of land use system, the distribution of services and the distribution of population. The
objective of accessibility analysis is to identify the existing coverage/ service area by various
public services and allocation of potential new location of infrastructures (School, Hospital,
Bank etc.) as per distribution of population and road network.
For a particular facility within the town, there is certain area of influence of this facility, from
where the people can receive the service easily. For the people outside of the area of
influence, the access to that particular facility is difficult. Spatial analysis identifies the area,
people from where, have less or no facility of at all. The decision maker can use this
information in order to plan the location and size of new facility.
In order to complete the easy accessibility analysis in GIS, some criteria are to be fed to the
system. These criteria depend upon the research results in that particular area, physical
experience and results similar study. For easy accessibility buffer analysis in “Integrated
Urban Development Plan” project, the criteria are set on the basis of norms and standards of
Government of Nepal, topographic location, the morphology of the municipality, the road
network, the surface condition of the road network etc.
Health
For the health facility, maximum walking time and speed of the citizen are fed as criteria for
analysis in GIS system.
Analysis Criteria
 Each citizen must not walk more than 30 minutes to reach the nearest health post.
 Each citizen must not walk more than 45 minutes to reach the nearest Hospital.
The above mentioned criteria are set for walking distance. For citizen using a vehicle to reach
the facility, the travel time would be much lesser than mentioned above. Furthermore, the
walking speed of a normal citizen depends also upon the topography, road network and
surface type, rivers, streams and the cross drainage structures etc. of the municipality. For the
“Integrated Urban Development Plan” project, the following walking speed has taken for
spatial analysis.
 In Terai region, the Walking Speed for a healthy citizen: 1.2 m/s
By feeding the above-mentioned criteria in GIS system and performing the buffer analysis,
the coverage area of the health facility is obtained as show below:
Map 22: Accessibility Map of Khairahani based on Health Infrastructures
From above analysis, it seems that this municipality is not good at health facilities. Ward nos.
1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 9 have got the health facilities, ward nos. 3, 4 and 10 are taking accessibilities
from them. however, ward nos. 11, 12, and 13 needs to provide with new health facilities.
Educational facility
For the education facility, maximum walking time and walking speed of the citizen are fed as
criteria for analysis in GIS system.
Analysis Criteria
 Each citizen must not walk more than 30 minutes to reach the nearest school.
 Each citizen must not walk more than 45 minutes to reach the nearest college.
The above mentioned criteria are set for walking distance. For citizen using a vehicle to reach
the facility, the travel time would be much lesser than mentioned above. Furthermore, the
walking speed of a normal citizen depends also upon the topography, road network and
surface type, rivers, streams and the cross drainage structures etc. of the municipality. For the
“Integrated Urban Development Plan” project, the following walking speed has taken for
spatial analysis.
 In Terai region, the Walking Speed for a healthy citizen: 1.2 m/s
By feeding the above-mentioned criteria in GIS system and performing the buffer analysis,
the coverage area of the education facility is obtained and show below:
Map 23: Accessibility Map based on Educational Infrastructures
From the analysis, this municipality seems good at the education facilities. At least two
colleges need to be establish in this municipality.
Linkage Analysis
One of the important aspects of this IUDP is to grow the municipality with ambitious target
of making it physically, socially, culturally and economically benefited and also making the
municipality sustainable for long run. It also ensures equal opportunity for different sub-areas
and different social and age groups. It is well known fact that it is only possible with induced
development plans. It is also necessary to understand that most of the people flowing to the
region are from the nearby wards or from nearby districts. Hence, study of the linkage has
been done with aspect of flow of good and flow of people. Basically, Malpani, Kumroj,
Fulbari Tole, Janachetana Tole, Kapiya, Bairiya, Gauwala, Bairiya and Harnari are the
market center for nearby rural municipalities.
Map 24: Road Inventory Map based on Road Class
Exchange of goods and services are common amongst the nearby districts or within districts.
Exchange of any of such has direct impact in economic development of the region. Some of
the linkages are explored in two different perspectives as mentioned below:
Inter-regional
Khairahani municipality lies on the closer proximity of Nawalparasi and Makawanpur district
and these region serves as the market center for the municipality. The main touristic site is
Home Stay, Kumrose Madhya community Forest, Dharai botya Lake, Tharu culture museum
and home stay, Kankali Tample in the municipality. These areas are the point of attraction for
tourist and may help in the development and publicity of the area.
There is linkage of goods to nearby municipalities and districts. Most of the important goods
are imported from Kathmandu and distributed to other municipalities and VDCs. Mainly
goods are imported from Bharatpur and Hetauda. The majority of the occupation are related
to agriculture and the agricultural products are also transported to other places.
Map 25: Linkage Map showing Flow of Goods
Map 26: Linkage Map showing Flow of People
As we all know, Khairahani is not complete and sustainable on its own. There are still many
things that the town depends upon starting from basic higher education facilities and health
services. The trend of migration from the municipality is seen mostly in Kathmandu and
Bharatpur. Migration of students for higher education is common in the place where as
people also move to other districts for seeking better job opportunities. Growing number of
out migration is also one of the major problem either that be within the nation or out of
nation.
Intra- Regional
Majority of settlement is seen near Malpani, Kumroj, Fulbari Tole, Gauwala and Bairiya.
These areas are in closer proximity with the road network. Places inside the municipality like
Gauwa, Phasera and Sisahani depend on these market for goods and services. Due to the
good provision of roads and highway inside the municipality, there will be easy transport of
goods from the market.
Site Suitability Analysis

The demand for new residential areas is rapidly increasing because of increasing population,
migration and urbanization. So, the suitable site selection has become more important due to
the development of urban areas. For the “Integrated Urban Development Plan”, spatial
analysis is conducted to identify the site suitable for settlement purpose using Geographic
Information System. Once again, the system has to be fit with the suitability criteria for
settlement. The criteria depend upon planning norms for urban development, identified risks
for urban settlements, climatic condition etc. More criteria we fed to the system more suitable
site will be identified. But at the same time the available area becomes lesser and lesser. The
identified suitable settlement sites can be delineated on map, which shows the spatial
distribution of topographically suitable and safe, climatically pleasant and environment
friendly area for settlement, based on topographical, hydrological and environmental data.
Suitable Site for Settlements

The adopted criteria for suitable site selection for settlement are tabulated below:
Table 6: Selection criteria for suitable site for settlement
New Settlement site Selection Criteria in GIS Spatial Analysis

S.N Parameter Value
1 Slope <30 degree
2 Flood Exclude High Flood Risk Zone
3 Landslide Exclude High Landslide Susceptibility Zone
4 ESA Exclude High ESA
5 Forest 100m Buffer from edge of Forest
6 River 50m Buffer from edge of River
7 Elevation <2000m
In order to make the new settlement free from the risk of land slide the slope of the suitable
site of settlement cannot be more than 300. From the flood risk analysis, we identified high
flood prone zone. The high flood risk zone must be excluded to identify the suitable
settlement area. Furthermore, the area must be out of Environment Sensitive Area and at least
100m far from the existing forest and 50m far from the edge of the river in order to protect
the environment, wild life, aquatic life and biodiversity of the municipality. Elevations above
2000m lies in the temperate, subalpine and alpine climatic zone is considered to be not
suitable for new town development. Hence the area above 2000m is excluded from suitability
analysis for settlement. After running all above mentioned criteria, GIS system identifies the
site suitable for settlement as shown in the map.
Map 27: Suitable site for Settlement
From the analysis, about 0.272 sq. km area has been found to be suitable for settlement in
Khairahani municipality.
Suitable Location for Land Fill Site

Evaluation of a suitable landﬁll site is a complex process, which involves evaluating multiple
aspects, including regulations, environmental, socio-cultural and engineering factors. For the
“Integrated Urban Development Plan”, spatial analysis of landfill suitability map is
conducted to determine the spatial location of suitable landfill site using the techniques of
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based on topographical, hydrological and
environmental data. The adopted criteria for suitable landfill site identification are tabulated
below:
Table 7: Selection criteria for Landfill Site
Landfill Site Selection Criteria in GIS Spatial Analysis

S.N Parameter Value
1 Settlement Outside 500m Buffer of Built-Up Area
2 Water Body Outside 500m Buffer of Water Body
3 ESA Outside 500m Buffer of ESA
4 Archeological Site Outside 500m Buffer of Archeological Site
5 Road Network Within 1000m Buffer of Road Network
6 Land Slope <30 degree
7 Land use Barren Land (Non-cultivated Land)
As per above criteria, the suitable location should locate at ground slope less than 30°, within
the accessibility buffer of 1000m of road network and non-cultivated land use type. It
shouldn’t lie at the zone of settlement (500m buffer zone) and within the 500m buffer zone of
Water body, ESA and Archeological sites of the same municipality.
Thus, the above multi criteria spatial analysis helps to identify the available area of
municipality for best location for construction of landfill site, where all the waste disposal of
municipality should be dumped, recycle and further process. Solid waste collection points are
given at necessary locations near to settlement and road access with service radius of 200m as
per “Planning Norms and Standards 2013, DUDBC”. For Khairahani Municipality, the result
is shown below:
Map 28:Waste Disposal Site Map
From the analysis, about 0.147 sq. km area has been find suitable for landfill site.
Drainage Network Analysis

The area upon which waterfalls and the network through which it travels to an outlet is
referred to as a drainage system. The flow of water through a drainage system is only a subset
of what is commonly referred to as the hydrologic cycle, which also includes precipitation,
evapotranspiration, and groundwater flow. The hydrology tools focus on the movement of
water across a surface.
A drainage basin is an area that drains water and other substances to a common outlet. Other
common terms for a drainage basin are watershed, basin, catchment, or contributing area.
This area is normally defined as the total area flowing to a given outlet, or pour point. In GIS,
drainage is extracted from DEM by using Arc Hydro tools. The drainage map of the
municipality is shown in the figure below.
Map 29: Drainage Map of Khairahani Municipality
From the analysis, total length of drainage in Khairahani municipality is about 119.52 km.
Watershed Analysis
A watershed is the upslope area that contributes flow, generally water, to a common outlet as
concentrated drainage in order to make a big river, streams, and Lakes. It can be part of a
larger watershed and can also contain smaller watersheds, called sub-basins. The boundaries
between watersheds are termed drainage divides. The outlet, or pour point, is the point on the
surface at which water flows out of an area. It is the lowest point along the boundary of a
watershed. Important things to be noted is “Wherever we are, we are in watershed”
Watersheds can be delineated from a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) by computing the flow
direction and using it in the Watershed tool. In this Project, we acquired the watershed data
from the Department of Forest and Soil Conservation (DoFSC). The Watershed Map of the
Khaireni municipality is given on map shown below.
Map 30: Watershed Map of Khairahani Municipality
Suitable Layout for Sewerage Network

A system of sewer pipes collects sewage and takes it for treatment or disposal. The system of
sewers is called sewerage or sewerage system. One of the principal goals of sewer system is
to provide hygienic conditions to inhabitants so that health and wellbeing of population is
protected. Wastewater is not only for sewage from houses and industries but also for rainfall
runoff, snowmelt that enter from urban surfaces through gulley’s and catch-pits.
Network analysis becomes easier when there is interaction between databases and maps. For
the “Integrated Urban Development Plan”, wastewater from private households and
industries is connected to sewerage network lines which is collected in Sewerage Collection
Route and is finally transported to wastewater treatment plant. Sewer alignment is done by
taking into consideration the route selection, horizontal alignment and vertical alignment.
Horizontal alignment is determined in consideration of most economic alignment along-with
suitable contour differences whereas in vertical alignment first priority is given to gravity
flow considering of terrain gradient. Outlets are given at necessary locations/ junctions of
“Sewerage Network Lines” and “Sewerage Collection Route” for proper periodic
maintenance. GIS finds application in sewer network design and analysis processes including
in delineation of watersheds, estimation of precipitation, flow direction, determination of
service area, selection of best route and treatment plant. The suitable location of wastewater
treatment plant is identified, so that the final treated wastewater could be disposed to stream
flow or irrigation purpose. For Khairahani Municipality, the map is shown below:
Map 31: Suitable layout for Sewerage Network
Flood Susceptibility Analysis

Flood is called the inundation of dry land. Floods is a natural process, but mankind activities
affect flooding. Floods occur at irregular intervals and vary in size, area of extent, and
duration. It is important to prepare the flood hazard map which helps to take preventive
measures to save from these disasters. The criteria that was used to determine the flood
susceptibility is shown below.
Table 8: Criteria for flood susceptibility analysis
High Parameters Low

0-20 Degree Slope Above 20 Degree
0-2000 Meters Elevation Above 2000 Meters
200 Meters Buffering of Rivers 200-500 Meters
Less than 0.2 NDVI 0.2-0.4
Flood Susceptibility Map obtained after incorporating above mentioned criteria is shown
below:
Map 32: Flood Susceptibility Map
Table 9: Ward wise extent of Flood Susceptibility
Ward no. Low Flood (Ha) High Flood (Ha) Total Flood (Ha)
1 78.3 5.04 83.34
2 186.66 0.63 187.29
3 433.44 16.47 449.91
4 121.86 2.25 124.11
5 116.19 0.45 116.64
6 138.33 1.62 139.95
7 181.53 2.52 184.05
8 61.2 14.94 76.14
9 205.02 1.26 206.28
10 594.99 3.96 598.95
11 25.92 0 25.92
12 131.67 0.99 132.66
13 72.09 0.27 72.36
Total 2347.2 50.4 2397.6
Drought Susceptibility Analysis

A drought is a natural disaster of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in
prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water.
A drought can last for months or years or can be permanent if the necessary actions are not
taken. It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected
region. There are various factors that cause the drought. The criteria that was used to
determine the drought susceptibility is given on table below.
Table 10: Criteria for Drought Susceptibility Analysis
High Parameters Low

Less than zero NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) 0-0.4
Less than zero NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) 0-0.4
The drought susceptibility map of the Khairahani municipality is given on map below:
Map 33: Drought Susceptibility Map
The ward-wise extent of the drought is given on table below.

Table 11: Drought area of the Municipality
Ward no. Low Drought (Ha)
1 61.10
2 136.73
3 140.16
4 45.58
5 41.82
6 27.61
7 22.87
8 48.44
9 127.50
10 89.52
11 33.33
12 77.51
13 74.00
Total 926.18
Forest Fire Analysis

Forest fires always start by one of two ways - naturally caused or human caused. Natural fires
are generally started by lightning, with a very small percentage started by spontaneous
combustion of dry fuel such as sawdust and leaves. On the other hand, human-caused fires
can be due to any number of reasons. Forest fires increase carbon dioxide levels in the
atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and climate change.
In this project, the fire data was obtained from the FIRMS (Fire Information for Resource
Management system) that allows us to interactively browse the full archive of global active
fire detections from MODIS and VIIRS. Near real-time fire data are available within
approximately 3 hours of satellite overpass and imagery within 4-5 hours. Fire data of only
Nepal was extracted by using Google Earth Engine. Then, those fire was clipped by Forest
Types of Nepal in order to depict the forest fire only. Forest fire map of Khairahani
Municipality is shown below:
Map 34: Forest Fire Analysis of Khairahani Municipality
In Khairahani municipality, there high risk of forest fire possibility is in the south-east area of
ward no. 11, boundary area joining of ward nos. 2, 3 and 4.
Stream Order Analysis

A stream is classified as a body of water that flows across the Earth's surface via a current
and is contained within a narrow channel and banks. When using stream order to classify a
stream, the sizes range from a first-order stream all the way to the largest, a 12 th order stream.
A first-order stream is the smallest of the world's streams and consists of small tributaries.
These are the streams that flow into and "feed" larger streams but do not normally have any
water flowing into them. In addition, first and second order streams generally form on steep
slopes and flow quickly until they slow down and meet the next order waterway. First
through third order streams are also called headwater streams and constitute any waterways
in the upper reaches of the watershed.
Streams Order gives the idea behind the River Continuum Concept, a model used to
determine the number and types of organisms present in a stream of a given order. In GIS
Steam order is derived from Digital Elevation Model with the Flow Accumulation and Flow
Direction raster that are used to create a stream network by applying a threshold values with a
high accumulated flow. The Stream order map of Khairahani municipality is as follows:
Map 35: Stream Order Map
Table 12: Stream Order Analysis

Stream Order Total No. of Stream Distance (Km)
First Order 120 61.63
Second Order 101 45.39
Third Order 24 9.53
Fourth Order 24 2.97
Buffer Analysis
Buffer analysis is the process of identifying the area of influence of a Geographical
phenomenon in it longitudinal, lateral or both directions. The buffer tool of GIS can be used
to identify the coverage area of influence of point or line or polygon feature.
Forest Area
In Nepal, there are 37 forest types according to the Dobremez (1972). Distribution of each of
the forest types are governed by the Bioclimatic zonation, Geographic locations,
Physiognomy and structural parameters, and Floristic parameters. The GIS data of the Forest
types was obtained from the Forest Research and Training Centre, Babarmahal. The data is
acquired from the Lidar image processing with having high accuracy. In Khairahani
municipality, there are 20 % of the total area is covered by the forest.
Environment Sensitive Area (ESA)

Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) are landscape elements or places which are vital to
the long-term maintenance of biological diversity, soil, water or other natural resources both
on the site and in a regional context. They include wildlife habitat areas, steep slopes,
wetlands, and prime agricultural lands. When ESA are interconnected, they could form
greenway corridors consisting of networks of linked landscape elements that provide
ecological, recreational and cultural benefits to a community. The identification and
protection of ESA focus on individual landscape elements that varies according to the
geographic location of the area. The ESA was determined by using the Criteria as: Flood
Risk Zone + High Landslides + Drought Areas + Any Protected Areas and/or Important birds
and biodiversity areas. In Khairahani municipality, there is no such an ESA zone.
Water Body
Buffer of water body, especially river that was digitized from the high-resolution satellite
imagery was conducted for proximity or buffer analysis. This Buffer was done in order to
know the distance from the center of the river to its surrounding areas for knowing the
potential flood prone areas. Generally, distance from the river line to another 200m of its
surrounding side are regarded to be as most vulnerable zone that are highly susceptible to
flood while it was also noted that next 100m to 300m after 200m could also be damaged by
the flood that depends upon the intensity and nature of the flood which differs in
physiography of the areas. The buffering area of rivers in Khairahani municipality is given on
map:
Map 36: Water Buffer Map
Population Served Analysis

Different urban feature served different number of population depending upon its physical
status, relevancy in people’s life, adjacent service, population density etc. It is difficult to
count the number of people served by each facility of the municipality every day. But for
prominent features like road, the number of permanent service recipient can be estimated
using geographical information system.
Road Network
The transportation system of any municipality of Nepal is largely dependent upon the road
network. In order to set the priority for maintenance and upgrading of the transportation
network, the municipality must classify the road sections depending upon different criteria.
One major criteria for the classification of the road would be the number people, who are
being served by the road daily and directly. The people living adjacent to the road use the
road most, in their daily life. Geographic information system can be used to compute the
number of persons directly and daily using that particular road.
Road networks within a municipality are designed and constructed to connect the settlements,
the market places and infrastructures within the municipality to serve the overall population.
The analysis is based on that population served by minor roads finally incorporate by its
connected major road for the daily movement of peoples and goods. The thick road network
indicates the highly served road connected to major settlements. Gradually decrease thickness
of road network indicate lesser population served road. From the analysis, it is found that
highway, feeder road, district road and Class-A roads are highly population served roads.
By buffering the centerline of the road, counting the number of households lying within the
buffer area and multiplying the number of house hold by population rate per house hold, the
number of people being directly served by the road can be computed. After computing the
number of population served by each road, the roads can be classified and delineated in the
map. For Khairahani Municipality, the result is shown below:
Table 13: Population Served by Roads
Road
Road House Population
S.N Name Length
Class Hold Nos. Served
(km)
1 Purano Parsa- Shanti Bajar A 3.357 4743 21533
2 Janaha chowk- Janakpur road A 6.574 1575 7150
Kapaiya-Badegau-Surtana-
3 Aadarsha tole A 5.979 4780 21701
District
Kathar-Shanti Bajar
4 Road 3.124 6448 29274
Bindabhasini chowk- Lekali
5 Chowk A 6.407 2011 9130
6 Siurenitole-Jyamire- Hajipur A 3.390 2575 11690
7 Khairahani- Majhui A 2.235 1923 8730
Bolrahani- Karaiya chowk-
8 Bipard Chowk A 2.315 2425 11010
Lhanepani chowk- Time pass
9 Chowk-Singapur Chowk A 8.356 5872 26659
10 Tungara- Dudhkoshi Khola A 2.865 903 4100
11 Chaubiskot Chowk- Beni Chowk A 3.466 3808 17288
12 Janakauli-Mahabir tole B 1.049 948 4304
Siyani chowk-Bhagwan-
13 Simaltadi chowk A 2.793 872 3959
14 Simltadi chwok road B 1.608 485 2202
15 Janakpost - Shivalaya Chowk B 1.637 542 2461
Janakpur-Peepal chowk- Sanpur
16 Chowk B 2.065 555 2520
17 Ghogharela-Magara Chowl B 1.124 617 2801
18 Kumartha-Milan chowk B 1.849 1349 6124
19 Tara chowk-Kushana B 4.522 3173 14405
Kathar-Tribeni chowk-Tara
20 chowk B 2.558 2035 9239
21 Kadel gaun road B 1.164 1188 5394
22 Hospital chowk-Badegaun B 2.694 1088 4940
23 Sundi-Pidrahanu B 3.290 1907 8658
24 Gaida-Kathar B 0.605 462 2097
25 Phapenigaun- Shantibazzar B 2.685 1437 6524
26 Sultana chowk-Baglunga B 1.370 1325 6016
27 Simaltadi road B 0.380 248 1126
Road
S.N Name Length
(km)
28 Siddha chowk road B 1.308 940 4268
29 Surtana - Sulauli road B 1.664 1499 6805
30 Sundarbasti- Phaserni B 2.471 1710 7763
31 Phaseni Road B 0.402 380 1725
32 Chainpur-Siureni tole B 1.336 1036 4703
33 Tarkari chowk A 0.715 683 3101
34 Jyamire road B 1.743 2467 11200
35 Jyamire- Kashi gaun B 1.332 1378 6256
36 Kunaghari-Patihani B 3.712 1435 6515
37 Patihani road B 1.068 804 3650
38 Lekali chowk-Pun tole B 0.866 630 2860
39 Shavalaya chowk road B 1.031 867 3936
40 Chainpur road B 1.094 512 2324
Bindabhasini chowk- Loktrantik
41 chowk B 1.135 1126 5112
42 Time pass chowk- Phurba Chowk B 2.713 1614 7328
43 Muktinath chowk - Dada Gaun B 1.863 844 3832
44 Khaireni- Basyauli B 1.282 908 4122
45 Garda road B 0.999 864 3923
46 Kapiya- Muglin- Kumroj B 2.255 1151 5226
Highwa
Belsi-Simaltadi
47 y 7.076 12372 56169
48 Milan Chowk Road A 1.120 1269 5761
District
Kumroj- Salauli-Khairahani
49 Road 5.484 10981 49854
Harnaire-Bairiya-Dharampur-
50 Shivalaya Chowk A 4.017 2227 10111
51 Jahanachowk road C 0.722 1174 5330
52 Kumroj- Haranaire C 0.808 865 3927
53 Simreni-Harnaire C 1.754 1404 6374
54 Kumroj- Simreli C 1.133 594 2697
55 Simreni road C 0.515 371 1684
56 Janakpur- Kumroj C 0.810 378 1716
57 Harnaire road C 1.012 562 2551
58 Kumroj-Sisahani connecting road C 1.050 276 1253
59 Kapaiya- Simalghari C 2.390 1067 4844
60 Raj tole- Trinetra Chowk A 0.870 866 3932
61 Gauwa-Amrita Khola C 1.962 930 4222
62 Salauli-Garde C 1.550 702 3187
63 Japkauli- Phacorni C 1.884 1296 5884
Road
S.N Name Length
(km)
64 Jyamire chowk road C 1.178 1831 8313
Jyamire- Siurenitol connecting
65 road C 0.801 1248 5666
66 Belsi toad C 0.794 1088 4940
67 Jyamire-Bahira road C 1.106 1332 6047
68 Urban Road C 0.952 1057 4799
69 Chainpur road C 0.760 494 2243
70 Urban Road C 1.027 818 3714
71 Chainpur-Ratomate C 0.776 726 3296
72 Ratomaate- Kunaghari C 1.537 1006 4567
73 Urban Road C 1.045 375 1702
74 Ratamata- Chainpur C 0.799 506 2297
75 Urban Road C 0.827 870 3950
76 Chiuntole road C 1.183 933 4236
77 Urban Road C 0.337 512 2324
78 Urban Road C 0.386 368 1671
79 Urban Road C 0.817 541 2456
80 Urban Road C 1.010 651 2956
Dudhkoshi khola to municipal
81 boundary C 2.060 673 3055
82 Ramkhola- CHainpur road C 0.766 2121 9629
83 Lodre- Ramkhola C 0.715 1311 5952
84 Naya parsa- Basyauli road C 2.822 2313 10501
85 Urban Road C 1.988 1177 5344
86 Urban Road C 1.293 1175 5334
87 Urban Road C 3.355 778 3532
88 Kathar-Kushana road C 1.344 1322 6002
89 Khadkhutte-Kathar C 1.282 1926 8744
90 Jivanpur-Kadelgaun C 1.859 1293 5870
91 Gaida-Khadkhutte C 1.390 963 4372
92 Urban Road C 1.415 1526 6928
93 Urban Road C 1.047 1045 4744
Simalghari-Shantibazzar
94 connecting road C 1.289 702 3187
95 Hajipur- Sundarbajar A 1.063 1571 7132
District
Khairahani- Parsa
96 Road 1.128 9383 42599
District
Ramkhola-Chainpur
97 Road 2.459 4675 21224
98 Chainpur road A 1.164 681 3092
Road
S.N Name Length
(km)
99 Rai Chowk Road A 0.543 736 3341
100 Shivalaya Chowk- Rai Chowk A 1.314 931 4227
101 Milanchowk-Kathar B 2.686 2451 11128
Map 37: Population Served by Roads
Market Center Connectivity

Connectivity refers to the directness of links and the density of connections in road network.
As connectivity increases, travel distances decrease and route options increase, allowing
more direct travel between destinations, creating a more accessible and resilient system. They
reduce daily miles of vehicular travel per household and improve emergency response times.
Connectivity can apply both internally (streets within a particular area) and externally
(connections with arterials and other neighborhoods) (Connectivity Standards).
For the “Integrated Urban Development Plan”, spatial locations of existing market centers are
identified within the municipality and overlaid with municipal road network. So the market
center connectivity analysis indicates the current linkage of market center through existing
road network within the municipality for daily travel and/ or trading. The analysis also
concludes for allocation of potential new location of market center as per clustering of
settlement and road network. Existing Market Center in Khairahani Municipality is shown in
the map.
Map 38: Market Centre of Khairahani Municipality
4.3 Social Analysis
4.3.1 Education
In every community, education plays a vital role as fundamental forces of the social
restructuring. The degree of education in a community indicates the standard of living. It is
also an instrument of change. More than 90% people are literate whereas 3.81% people can
only read and more than 5.7% of the people are illiterate who cannot read and write. Out of
total male, 79.6% are literate and 17.5 % are illiterate. Similarly, out of total female about
65% are literate.
In Khairahani municipality it is found that maximum no. of 6, 5 & 5 at ward no. 8, 3 & 11
respectively. There are 35 primary school, 4 higher secondary school & 3 graduate / post
graduate colleges.
4.3.2 Health
Health is social, physical, mental, physiological and psychological well-being of people. It is
known as fundamental thing for human life. However, education and awareness are
prerequisite for this purpose. It requires more government investment for health
infrastructure. There are six health posts and a number of private hospitals. People from all
wards can visit health post with half an hour but they need more time to reach the hospital for
the treatment. People first visit health post for health problem. People also visit traditional
healer and health volunteers.
There are 3 government health post at ward no 2, 6 & 10, 1 government khop Kendra at ward
no. 11, 1 private health post at ward no. 12, 15 private health clinic/ medical hall & 1 mental
hospital at ward no. 11.
4.3.3 Recreation
There are various places on the municipality for recreation. There are groups such as Panche
Baja Samuha, Bhajan Samuha for musical entertainment. Similarly, the physical
infrastructure such as view tower, various trekking routs, Chautari are also regarded as
recreation places. Hill side, typical royal palaces, temples, church, caves, water fall and old care
center Greenery forest land.
4.3.4 Inclusion
Khairahani municipality has a mixed type of caste/ethnic composition, as also discussed in
the earlier section of settlement pattern. Virtually, it represents the colorful social structure of
caste and ethnicity, including Khas-Aryas and the Mongolians. The presence of Tharu
community is common in most of the wards, indicating occupational diversity and
heterogeneous community.
Politically Khairahani is a mixed type of political representation. In the elections held for
local levels in 2017. The following representatives are elected from different political parties
in the municipality. The name of the leaders, their designation and contact number has been
presented in the Table below.
Table 14: List of the elected representatives in Khairahani municipality
SN Designation Name of representatives

1 Mayor Lalmani Chaudhary
2 Deputy Mayor Sunita Kharel Thapaliya
3 Ward chair-1 Bhumi Prasad Kadel
4 Ward chair-2 Tika Datta Itani
5 Ward chair-3 Purna Bahadur Gurung
6 Ward chair-4 Narendra Nath Adhikari
7 Ward chair-5 Bishwa Bijay Basnet
8 Ward chair-6 Ram Sharan Pandey
9 Ward chair-7 Manejar Mahato
10 Ward chair-8 Tek Bahadur Thapa Chhetri
11 Ward chair-9 Hom Kumar Pun
12 Ward chair-10 Kari Ram Chaudhary
13 Ward chair-11 Hakim Singh Upreti
14 Ward chair-12 Tika Ram Timilsina
15 Ward chair-13 Bal Kumar Upreti
(Source: http://Khairahanimun.gov.np/)
The dominance of Bharaman and Chettri is found in the local level representatives in the
municipality. In terms of inclusion, the representation of Janajati such as Gurung and Newar
are found in very negligible number.
4.4 Economic Analysis
4.4.1 Agriculture
Agriculture is the main occupation and major source of livelihood in the municipality. The
agriculture system is subsistence and traditional. Commercialization in agriculture is
essential. Attraction towards agriculture has been decreasing day by day. The major crops in
Khairahani municipality comprises of paddy, wheat, maize, millet, sesame, mustard for
livelihood and gram, red lentils, lemon, cauliflower, cabbage, daikon, potato, ginger,
turmeric, lemon, pear for livelihood as well as commercial use. Organic farming is practiced
for ginger, turmeric, lemon, pear, banana, amilo and other fruits, etc.
4.4.2 Livestock
Along with the agricultural activities, recent trend in the municipality is seen as the
commercialization of livestock farming for the income generation and promotion of the
livelihood Buffalo, cow, chicken, goat, pig and fish are the major animal pocket areas of the
municipality. The farms have also been developed as the animal pocket center that Buffalo,
goat, pig, chicken and bee are the major animal pocket areas of this municipality
4.4.3 Mining
The minerals in the municipality is yet to be explored however the extraction of sand stone
and pebble are done from are Vyakur Khola, Laxmi Khola, Chanda Khola, Pampha Khola,
Budhi Rapti Khola, Chatri Khola, Chisapani Khola, Umraha Khola, Dhunga Khola, etc.
4.4.4 Industry
In Khairahani there are number of small, medium scale and cottage industries. Rice mill,
furniture and grill are major industries. Therefore, they are generating some employment
opportunities for local as well as for rural people. The necessary raw materials for furniture
and factories are found from same municipality and from other neighboring town areas. The
furniture industry makes tables, chairs, beds, cupboard, etc. Among them, furniture factory
and rice mills are very important in generating employment opportunities for local people.
Brick factory, poultry, food, sand and stone and gas factories are growing day by day.
4.4.5 Import and Export

Basically, Malpani, Kumroj, Fulbari Tole, Janachetana Tole, Kapiya, Bairiya, Gauwala,
Bairiya and Harnari are the market center for nearby RMs and municipalities. There is
linkage of goods to nearby municipalities and districts. Most of the important goods are
imported from Kathmandu and distributed to other municipalities and RMs. Mainly goods are
imported from Bharatpur and Hetauda. The majority of the occupation are related to
agriculture and the agricultural products are also transported to other places.
4.4.6 Commercial
The main market areas of the municipality include Malpani, Kumroj, Fulbari Tole,
Janachetana Tole, Kapiya, Bairiya, Gauwala, Bairiya and Harnari. Khairahani has different
kinds of financial organizations, which mainly include saving groups, co-operatives, Dairy
Firms, remittance exchange firms and banks of different categories. People are engage in
animal rearing and agriculture in this municipality. Due to availability of local market, these
goods are produced for the purpose of sale as well but all the people do not have larger area
of land for commercial cultivation of crops and animal rearing. Poultry farming and dairy
farming are also growing day by day due to extension of both market and transportation
access in this municipality.
4.5 Financial Analysis
4.5.1 Revenue of Municipality

Table 15: Revenue projection for 15 years
Projection of Revenue for 15
years Plan period in (Rs 000) FY 2018-19 FY 2023-24 FY 2028-29 FY 2033-34
Transfer from government 393817 434806 480061 530026
Sources from internal taxes 7210 7960 8789 9704
Total 401027 442766 488850 539730

(Source: Khairahani Municipality Budget, 2018/19)
The table shows the projected Revenue for 15 years generated from both external and internal
sources of Khairahani municipality shown in thousand rupee figure .It shows the total
revenue from different sources in FY 2018/19 is Rs. 401027 and the projected revenue for
next five year , ten year and fifteen year is projected as Rs. 442766, Rs.488850 and
Rs.539730 respectively.
(Source: Khairahani Municipality Budget, 2018/19
4.5.2 Expenditure of Municipality

Table 16: Expenditure projection for 15 years
Projected Budget Expenditure in
(Rs 000) FY 2018-19 FY 2023-24 FY 2028-29 FY 2033-34
Current Expenditure 122300 135029 149083 164600
Capital Expenditure 316596 349548 385929 426097
Total 438896 484577 535012 590696
The table shows the projected buget expenditure for 15 years in thousand rupess figure.It
shows the current expenditure of FY 2018/19 is Rs. 122300 and the projected current
expenditure for next five year , ten year and fifteen year is projected as Rs.135029,
Rs.149083 and Rs.164600 respectively. It shows the capital expenditure of FY 2018/19 is Rs.
316596 and the projected current expenditure for next five year ,ten year and fifteen year is
projected as Rs. 349548, Rs.385929 and Rs.426097 respectively. Thus, the total expenditure
for the FY 2018/19 is Rs. 438896 for next five years, ten years and 15 years is Rs484577,
Rs.535012 and Rs.590696 respectively.
(Source: Khairahani Municipality Budget, 2018/19
The inability on the part of municipality to spend development budget directly affects the
development and construction activities in the municipality which in turn affects the
provision of municipal services and facilities to its citizens. In other words, the low level of
expenditure for infrastructure and other development works means longer period for the
completion of development works which will directly lead to longer period in the provision
of services and facilities. This indicates that there is an urgent need to enhance the capacity
of municipal staff in order to increase their capacities to spend the allocated development
budget every year to avoid delay in the completion of the development projects and
programs.
4.6 Institutional Analysis

Globally, institutional potential has been taken as an important part of development, which
can be used in this process in relation to competent officials, efficient organization and
decision making structures, mechanisms of resource use and finally partnership between local
population and public affairs. It is evident that sustainable cities cannot be achieved through
the institutional development plans which have been more extended form of previously
adopted organizational plans and human resource development. Efficient and effective
administration directly influences the improvement of citizen's quality of life. The essence of
local government is the “execution of power in a specified territory by its citizens through
performing the tasks assigned by law by the state. The goal of local government is satisfying
collective needs of population of a given territory and creating good conditions of its
individual development”. One of such tools is the Institutional Development Planning (IDP)
method for local community.
Opportunities
 Wider connectivity along with the various link roads
 Market exposed to different areas and urban centers including Narayanghat,
Mungling, Butwal, Pokhara, and Kathmandu
 Recently elected local government and representatives despite a huge turmoil of
vacant local bodies since 2002 to 2017
 Public hearing, participatory planning, and platform of grassroots democracy
 Special focus on education, health and social sector

 Issues of children, women, youth, elderly people and marginalized communities/
groups
 Abundant of natural resources in the municipality to foster socio-economic
development of the municipality
 While some communities are growing and prospering, many have opportunities that
make it easy to provide or pay for basic services such as policing, recreational
services and emergency measures planning, or to manage day-today operations and
plan for the future.
Challenges
 Current local governance legislation is prescriptive in nature. Many communities feel
constrained by these specific requirements. Others feel that if an issue isn’t expressly
identified in law, they cannot take action. A balanced approach will be required going
forward
 Institutional problems related to capacity building, offices infrastructures.
 Lack of urban scale health institutions with basic facilities including maternity
services and other emergency services.
 In many smaller rural areas, the population is declining as residents are moving to
more urban areas. This reduces the amount of property taxes collected, resulting in
less revenue coming in to support the delivery of services to the community
 Lack of sufficient appointment of technical manpower in education and up-gradation
of existing infrastructure of existing schools and community schools.
4.7 SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis is the part of situational analysis. Basically it is divided into two parts i.e.
internal factors (strength, weakness) and external factors (opportunity, threats)
SWOT Analysis framework:
SWOT Analysis
Internal Analysis External Analysis

Strength Opportunities
Weaknesses Threats
Internal forces
Internal factors of SWOT analysis consists two factors i.e. strength and weakness. Strength is
its positive factors while weakness is negative.
4.7.1 Strengths
The following table shows the strength of the Khairahani municipality:
Table 17: Strength Analysis of Khairahani Municipality
Indicator Strength
 Transportation is good with the availability of 24 black-topped roads
 Mahendra Highway passes through the municipality
 Improving awareness among people about construction of earthquake resistance
building
Construction of bridge in most of the rivers and yearly irrigation in 9 nos. of
Physical
Infrastructure wards
Access to communication facility
 Facility of NTC, NCELL for telecommunication are available
 96.6% households have access to electricity
 Available of cremation place
 Diverse culture including Khas-Aryas and Mongolians

 Security provision inside the municipality
 79.6% of males and 65% of females are literate
 Good provision for education (school, secondary school, higher secondary
school)
 Existing 37 primary schools, 4 higher secondary and 3 colleges
 Existence of 1 mental hospital
Social  Having 3 government health posts, 1 private health post, 1 government khop
centre, 15 no. of private clinics/ medical halls
 Presence of 24 hours birthing centre
 Literacy rate of municipality is 74.25% having male literacy rate 81.82% &
female literacy rate 67.81%.
 Existence of 8 no. of market areas (Malpani, Kumroj, Fulbari Tole, Janachetana
Tole, Kapiya, Bairiya, Gauwala, Bairiya & Harnari)
 Good market linkage of municipality with Bharatpur, Hetauda & Kathmandu
 Increasing commercial area
 Increased in economic status due to the increasing industries in Chainpur (ward
no. 4)
Economy  Existing different type financial institutes 14 banks & 47 saving and credit
cooperatives and multipurpose cooperatives
 Presence of 109 no. of small, medium and cottage industries (rice mills,
furniture, grill industries, dairy, food industries etc.)
Favourable climatic patterns with average temperature from 28 to 30 degree and
minimum from 22 to 24 degree.
Development in awareness of conservation of environment and climatic change
Environment Availability of open spaces: Kodhar Sport Area, Jivanpur Chaur, Badhgau
Chaur, Open Space at ward 2, 9
 Having 6 no. of parks: 3 children parks, 1 namuna fun park, 1 kutakoti public
forest green park, 1 kankali forest area park
Agriculture &  Having sufficient fertile land 69.51%
Indicator Strength
 Emphasis for agriculture, fish farming, vegetable farming, poultry farming, bee
farming, dairy and horticulture by the municipality
 Practice of agroforestry in municipality
 Plantation of rice and wheat on irrigated land, cereals, mustard, banana and cash
crops on un-irrigated land
 Crops like paddy, wheat, maize, millet, sesame, mustard are planted for
Livestock livelihood
 Red lentils, lemon, cauliflower, cabbage, daikon, potato, ginger, turmeric and
pear are also planted for livelihood
 Buffalo, cow, chicken, goat, pig, fish are considered pocket areas
 Organic farming like ginger, turmeric, lemon, pear, banana and amilo are
planted
 Availability of Rampur agriculture college
 Availability of 12 community forests and 1 reserve forest

 Kakali Community Forest is largest among all existing forests with area 760.7
ha
Natural 21.019 % land is covered by forest
Resources Four forest user groups are active in this municipality
 Existing Budhi Rapti river and Pampha river, Chatri Khola, Chisapani, Bhayar
Khola, Laxmi Khola
Human  Existing population provide manpower strength to the new municipality.
Resources
 Chitwan national park and presence of endangered animal like one horned
rhinoceros
 Provision for jungle safari and sightseeing for tourists
 Tourists destination place like Cheemkya Devi Temple, Bindustriesubashni
Tourism temple, Shivaparbati temple, Kankali temple, Jalashower temple, kalishshower
temple, Ganesh Temple, Buddha gumba are some tourist destination places
 Community forests and picnic spot are present
 Tharu homestays, Dharai Botya lake,
 Boating facility at Rapti river
 Recently elected local government and representative framework provides

development potential
Governance
 Rising awareness and grassroot democracy
System
 Woman rights are enhanced by providing the essential post as chairperson or
vice chairperson
(Source: Induction Workshop, PRA/FGD, 2018)
4.7.2 Weaknesses
The weakness of Khairahani municipality are presented in the table below:
Table 18: Weakness Analysis of Khairahani Municipality
Indicator Weakness
 Having numerous low grad roads i.e. 58 gravel road and 20 earthen road
 Unmanaged municipality notice on stopping the construction
Physical  45% of households does not have proper water facilities
Infrastructure No rain water harvesting except ward 12
 Limited access to internet
 Lack of conference hall, museum, old age home, exhibition centres, modern
Indicator Weakness
sport centres
 Lack of water treatment plant for drinking purpose
 Haphazard settlement growth
 Poor by-laws implementation & very few earthquake resistance buildings
Lack of quality education

Low HDI index
No proper provision for marginalized people
Lack of facility for child and disabled friendly in proper way
Lack of modern equipment in existing health centre
Lack of awareness about proper drinking water facilities
Lack of skilled human resource related to animal attack, disaster, economic
deprivation
Social No implementation for health insurance
 Lack of coordination between community schools and private schools
 Lack of technical teachers in educational institutions
 Lack of health posts at ward 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 & 13
Lack of public library (Community)
Lack of Central Library
 Lack of employment opportunities due to poor skills

 Lack of development of job oriented large industries
 Less involvement of people in government offices, corporations and foreign
Economy employment
 Lack of technology driven in business industries
 No proper drain facility

 No proper sewerage system
Lack of waste treatment Plant
Lack of proper landfill
Environment  Excess use of pesticides for agricultural production
 Excess extraction of river based material, has hamper the environment
 Availability of 2.193% barren land
 River cutting, deforestation
 Lack of facilities for proper irrigation

Agriculture &  Hindrance on agriculture due to insufficient irrigation and electric power
Livestock  Lack of training to the farmers resulted unmanaged farming system
 Lack of modern technology in agriculture
 Degradation of natural resources due to excessive grazing, encroachment of
Natural wetland habitat, unsustainable harvesting
Resources  Lack of conservation and management of natural resources
 Encroachment of forest areas
Human  Lack of technical skilled manpower
Resources  Management problem
 Due to low infrastructure on tourism, flow of domestic as well as international
tourists are low
Tourism  Lack of advertisement of touristic sites
 Low budget has decreased the facility on homestays
Indicator Weakness
 Encroachment of historical property for development has reduced cultural sites
 Capacity deficit in terms of new governance structure;

Governance
 Lack of transparency and information sharing.
System
 Lack of incorporating technology in administrative work.
External forces
External factors of SWOT analysis consists two factors i.e. opportunity and threats.
Opportunity is its positive factors while threat is negative.
4.7.3 Opportunities
The following table shows the opportunities of Khairahani municipality:
Table 19: Opportunities Analysis of Khairahani Municipality
Indicator Opportunity
 Upgradation of existing gravel & earthen roads
 Development of infrastructures like bridges, homestays, and hotels
Physical  Construction of underground drinking water
Infrastructure  Development of pedestrian friendly roads and cycle tracks
 Opportunity for industries establishment & its empowerment
Upgrading primary health centres and hospitals

Encouraging education to the backward community people and economically
deprived people
Provision of police beat inside the municipality for better security
Social Utilizing natural resources for socio-economic development
 Emphasis for child friendly, disabled friendly spaces
 Income can be generated from commercialization in agricultural markets

 Construction of lavish resorts, home stays and hotels for income generation
Economy  Increment of job employment through industries establishment
 Management of barren land for agriculture production

 Planting trees in every households
Environment  Promotion of 3R concept in Solid Waste Management
 Promote cleaning campaigns on lakes, rivers, parks, forests
 Afforestation
 Commercialization on agriculture and livestock production to uplift living
Agriculture & standards
Livestock  Proper identification of the major agricultural products and pocket areas
 Establishing livestock insurance institutions
 Introduce alternative method on fuel wood to reduce deforestation

Natural  To implement river training, embankments and levee construction to protect
Resources natural resource from flood
 Enhancement of irrigation facility for high productivity
Human  Trainings and awareness campaigns, investment on skilled technology driven
Resources manpower.
Tourism  Increase more home stays and cultural places for tourists
 Prioritizing and popularizing Tharu culture among tourists
Indicator Opportunity
 Development of local and community parks
 Maintenance of trekking routes
 Promoting agro-tourism
Governance  Power and authority of local governance to take decisions at local level;
System  Allocation of financial budgets as per the vision of municipality.
4.7.4 Threats
The threats of Khairahani municipality are presented below:
Table 20: Threats Analysis of Khairahani Municipality
Indicator Threat
 Chances of accident is high on earthen roads and earthen roads are vulnerable
Physical during rainy season
Infrastructure  Degradation of green areas due to haphazard construction
Migration of people to other areas

Social Challenge about management of drug abusers, street children
 Local products affected by imported products

Economy
 Out-Migration of economically active population
 Increase in air pollution due to vehicular and industrial emissions
 Environment pollution due to haphazard settlements
 Water pollution from unmanaged drainage and sewerage system
Environment  Emission of air pollution form gravelled roads
 Soil erosion, flooding firing and earthquake are the major environmental
hazards
 Plotting in the cultivated land for building purpose
Agriculture &  Harm on agricultural products due to excessive use of chemical fertilizers
Livestock  Increment in the barren land due to unskilled manpower
 Extinction of wild species

 Millions of soil nutrients are eroded by soil erosion
Natural  Extensive use of pesticides has degraded the soil productivity and contaminated
Resources water resources as well
 Sand extraction has destroyed aquatic habitat, and river morphology
 Illegal trade of woods, hunting for animal products and smuggling
Human  Migration of economically active population

Resources  Settlements near river banks are more prone to flooding
 Degradation in architectural and cultural element

Tourism  Creeping urbanization has affect negatively on tourism
 Complex structuring of new system may create chaos and confusions among
general people and administrative authority.
Governance
System  Lack of will and commitment may undermine development potential of the
municipality.
4.8 Demand Analysis of Infrastructures

Infrastructure and Necessity
According to the planning norms and standards, table below shows the numbers of
infrastructures needed in Khairahani municipality as per the population. Numbers of schools,
hospital, Open Space, library, etc. needed for the proper development of the municipality is
calculated in the table and it is useful for the planning of the infrastructure where necessary.
This table helped to identify the lacking infrastructures to be installed within this
municipality within the specified years in the future. On the basis of planning norms, the
necessary infrastructures and their numbers were listed in table below.
Table 21: Required number of facilities in Khairahani municipality
2011 2018 2023 2028 2033

Types, Norms &
Popⁿ. Popⁿ. Popⁿ. Popⁿ.
Standards Popⁿ. (64700)
(56094) (71645) (79334) (87849)
TELE-COMMUNICATION
NUMBER
Public Telephone Booth
(TB) 11 12.9 ~ 13 14.3 ~ 14 15.86 ~ 16 17.56 ~ 18
(1 TB in 5,000 Pop.ⁿ
EDUCATION
Primary 18.69 ~
21.56 ~ 22 23.88 ~ 24 26.4 ~ 26 29
(1 in 3000 Popⁿ.) 19
Higher secondary
7.4 ~ 7 8.6 ~ 9 9.55 ~ 10 10.57 ~ 11 11.7 ~ 12
(1 in 7500 Popⁿ.)
Graduate/ Post graduate
2 2.58 ~ 3 2.86 ~ 3 3 3.51 ~ 4
(1 in 25,000 Popⁿ.)
University
1.4 ~ 1 1.61 ~ 2 1.79 ~ 2 1.9 ~ 2 2
(1 in 40,000 Popⁿ.)
HEALTH
Primary health care centre
2.8 ~ 3 3 3.58 ~ 4 3.9 ~ 4 4.3~ 4
(1 in 20,000 Popⁿ.)
District hospital
1 1 1.4 ~ 1 1.58 ~ 2 1.75 ~ 2
(1 in 50,000 Popⁿ.)
OPEN SPACE
Neighbourhood park 109.8 ~
70 80.87 ~ 81 89.55 ~ 90 99
(1 in 800 Popⁿ.) 110
Local park
5.6 ~ 6 6.4 ~ 6 7 7.9 ~ 8 8.7 ~ 9
(1 in 10,000 Popⁿ.)
Community park
2.8 ~ 3 3 3.58 ~ 4 3.9 ~ 4 4.3~ 4
(1 in 20,000 Popⁿ.)
Parade ground 1 1 1 1 1
LIBRARY
Community park
5.6 ~ 6 6.4 ~ 6 7 7.9 ~ 8 8.7 ~ 9
(1 in 10,000 Popⁿ.)
Central level 1 1 1 1 1
OLD AGE HOME, ORPHANGE, CENTER FOR DIFFERENTLY ABLE PEOPLE
City and Community
Level 2.8 ~ 3 3 3.58 ~ 4 3.9 ~ 4 4.3~ 4
(1 in 20,000 Popⁿ.)
SECURITY
2011 2018 2023 2028 2033

Types, Norms &
Popⁿ. Popⁿ. Popⁿ. Popⁿ.
Standards Popⁿ. (64700)
(56094) (71645) (79334) (87849)
Police Post
5.6 ~ 6 6.4 ~ 6 7 7.9 ~ 8 8.7 ~ 9
(1 in 10,000 Popⁿ.)
Police Station
1.4 ~ 1 1.61 ~ 2 1.79 ~ 2 1.9 ~ 2 2
(1 in 40,000 Popⁿ.)
EXHIBITION CENTRE
City level
1 1 1.4 ~ 1 1.58 ~ 2 1.75 ~ 2
(1 in 50,000 Popⁿ.)
CITY HALL
Multipurpose Hall
5.6 ~ 6 6.4 ~ 6 7 7.9 ~ 8 8.7 ~ 9
(1 in 10,000 Popⁿ.)
SPORTS COMPLEX
City level
1 1 1.4 ~ 1 1.58 ~ 2 1.75 ~ 2
(1 in 50,000 Popⁿ.)
District sports centre 0.56 ~
0.64 ~ 1 0.71~ 1 0.79 ~ 1 0.87 ~ 1
(1 in 1,00,000 Popⁿ.) 1
MOVIE HALL
City and local level
280 324 358 397 439
(5 seats per 1000 Popⁿ.)
VEGETABLE MARKET
Neighbourhood level
9.3 ~ 9 10.78 ~ 11 11.9 ~ 12 13 14.64 ~ 15
(1 in 6,000 Popⁿ.)
PARKING SPACE
Parking space 18.69 ~
21.56 ~ 22 23.88 ~ 24 26.4 ~ 26 29
(1 in 3,000 Popⁿ.) 19
(Source: Planning Norms & Standards, 2013)
GAP Analysis
Gap analysis is one of the important tools for urban planning and analysis. It consists of all
the appropriate concepts and standards by making objectives, identifying lead sectors and
setting vision to achieve the goal for integral development. As there has been re-structuring
of the local levels in 2017 as per the Constitution of Nepal, there occurs vast gap between
existing conditions and desired outcomes in the municipalities. Desired outcomes are the
required infrastructures and services which are also defined by Planning Norms and
Standard 2013 on the basis of population size, space requirement, road types, etc. To fulfill
the desired outcomes, there needs analysis of gap between existing condition and proposed
items, which is known by “Gap Analysis” in short. The Gap analysis of the Khairahani
municipality is presented below:
Table 22: Gap Analysis of the municipality
S.N. Infrastructure Norms Standards Existing Scenario Gap

Expressw Cycl Cycl
ay, RO Setba e Setba e
Footpa ROW Footpa
Arterial, W ck trac ck Trac
th (m) (m) th (m)
Sub (m) (m) k (m) k Arterial
arterial, (m) (m) – 10m
Collector Expressw Expressw
street and ay ay Sub
Local 20 Arterial
Street Arterial 30 1 2 2 Arterial (Carriage – 10m
1 Road
Way)
All or Sub Sub 12(Carria Collect
22 1 2 1.2
90% of Arterial Arterial ge Way) or – 6m
household 8
are within Collector 14 1 2 1.5 Collector (Carriage Local –
1km Way) 6m
from 4
motor Local 10 1 2 - Local (Carriage
able road Way)
S.N
Infrastructure Norms Standards Existing Scenario Gap
.
2 Water Supply  80% household have metered  Quantity: 80-100 lpcd Tap/Pipe water is the main source of drinking Tap water facility
System house connection and Minimum diameter of water in each household
distribution distribution pipe: No tap water facility for each households Treatment Plant
 Treatment Plant (lab, dosing 80mm There are different sources of drinking water Rain water
and guardhouse) with storage 10 X 106 l = 10 MLD supply tube well, covered well, uncovered well harvesting system
facility: Reservoir (24hrs (capacity) etc. in all wards
requirement)  Storage Capacity: Drinking water purification facility in some Sufficient drinking
 Provision of Rain Water 25% of the total wards water purification
Harvesting in Public Buildings treatment capacity There is no rain water harvesting except ward 12 facility
(Catchment area, Storage and
Treatment Facility)
S.N
.
Sanitation / Sewerage Public sewer Min diameter of trunk line: 200mm Proper drain
system system (septic Poor Sanitation facility
Storm Water tanks) No proper drain facility Proper
Drainage system Sewage 0.2 hectare/MLD – 0.75 Hectare/MLD No proper sewerage system Sewerage
Pumping Station system
3 7 outlets
Treatment plant 1/2000 passer-by at a distance of 2 Waste
500m Treatment
Plant
Provision of Provision of
public latrines public toilets
S.N
.
4 Integrated Solid Collection Point Separation of waste at household level Major techniques of waste
Waste Management (0.3 management are damping, Community
System kg/person/day) Community collection/ Door to Door burning, recycle, tractate and collection
collection. decompose 4 transfer &
Total waste = But lack of sufficient dumping recycle
Around 33 1 collection point/container/ roadside site station
tons/day pickup point serves a radius of 200m Irregularity of vehicle to collect 1 landfill
waste site
1 Transfer Station for 1 city if the final Lack of proper landfill
Transfer Station disposal is at distance of more than 10 km Less consciousness of people
about waste
Only 30% of the total waste generated Lack of proper no. of landfill site
Sanitary Landfill should go to landfill site. 70% = reduce, Lack of transfer station
Site reuse, recycle Sanitary Landfill Site:
Medium (> 25 and < 500 tons per day)

National grid Power access to 100% coverage. 96.6 % Household with electricity 3.4 %
supply line and Electric substation 66/33 KV household
(11914/12331*100) (CBS, 2012)
Transmission Tower needs
Electricity Supply Distribution Tower Use of solar energy
5 Alternative electricity
System energy (panels, (CBS, 2012)
battery 400 150 – 200 Watt Solar Home System Sufficient use
AH) of solar energy

Landline/mobile 100 % coverage Access to communication facility Sufficient access
Telephone Exchange Office (1 Facility of NAMASTE, NCELL etc. of internet
Public Exchange with a Limited access to internet (Mobile data (Mobile data and
telephone capacity of 6500-line capacity) and fibre net/Wi-Fi) fibre net/Wi-Fi)
6 Tele-communication Telephone transmission tower
booth (TB) Mobile network is used prominently in Existing Gap: 13
compare with the landline. public TB &
1 TB per 5000 population Projected Gap:
18 public TB

7 Educational Institution Primary  1 per 3000 populations at a distance Max. no. of schools 6, 5 & 5 at Existing gap: 5
of 0.4–0.8 km ward 8, 3 & 11 Higher Secondary, 2
Higher  1 per 7500 populations at a distance 37 primary schools university
Secondary of 30min in public transportation 4 higher secondary schools Projected gap: 8
 1 per 25,000 populations at a distance 3 Graduate/Post Graduate: higher secondary, 1
Graduate/ Post of 45min in public transportation Bhawanishankar Multiple graduate/post
Graduate College-7, Sungaya College -8, graduate, 2
 1 per 40,000 population at a distance Rampur Agriculture College university

University of 1hr in public transportation -9
Primary 1 per 20000  3 Health post (Governmental) in  Existing Gap: 10 health post (at
Health Care populations (5- 15 ward 2, 6 & 10 (ward wise) ward 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 &
beds)  1 Government Khop Centre -11 13), 3 Primary Health care centre
Centre  1 Private health post -12 (5-15 beds) and 1 Centre District
District 1 per 50000  15 Private health clinic/medical Hospital (25-50 beds)
8 Health Institution Hospital population (25 – hall  Projected Gap: 10 health post
50 beds)  1 Mental Hospital -11 (at ward 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12
& 13), 4 Primary Health care
centre (5-15 beds) and 2 Centre
District Hospital (25-50 beds)

9 Open Space: 1 @ 800 population  3 Neighbourhood  Existing Gap: 78
Parks Park: Children Pak -5, Neighbourhood Park,
Parade Ground 5% of total city area 1 @ 10000 Children Park -11, 4 local Park, 2
(Tundikhel) Neighbourhood Park population Children Park -13 Community park, 1
(with play  2 Local Park: Parade Ground
equipment) 1 @ 20000 Namuna Fun Park -2,  Projected Gap: 107
population Kutakoti Public Forest Neighbourhood Park,
Local Park Green Park -11 7 Local Park, 3
1 @ each city  1 Community Park: community park, 1
Community Park Kankali Forest Area Parade Ground
Park -4
Parade Ground  Open Space at ward 2,

9

Community 1 per 10000 populations Lack of public library (Community) Existing Gap: 6 Public, 1
level (Community level) Lack of Central Library Central
10 Library Projected Gap: 9 Public, 1
Central Level 1 Central level Central

City level 1 fire station for 5  Lack of fire station  1 fire station
11 Fire Stations
service to 7 km radius

Incineration /Cremation 1 (Incineration/Cremation  Available of  Proper management
12 Religious Institutions areas Cemetery/ Burial areas Cemetery/Burial cremation place considering the area
Ground Ground) 0.5 ha.
S.N
.
13 Museum/Art Gallery City Level 1/1 ( City level) Lack of museum 1 museum (City level)

Old age home, City and 1 per 20,000 population No provision for old age home Existing Gap: 3 & Projected
14 Orphanage, centre for community (City & Community Gap: 4
differently able people level level)
S.N
.
Security Police Post 1 per 10,000 populations (Police Police force available Existing Gap: 6 police post, 2
Post) police station
15 Police Station 1 per 40,000 population (Police Projected Gap: 9 police post
Station) & 2 police station

1 per 50000 population Lack of Exhibition Existing Gap: 1 &
16 Exhibition Centres City level Centres Projected Gap: 2
(City level)

City hall 1 per 10000 population (City Existing Gap: 6 & Projected
17 City/Conference Hall Lack of conference hall
(Multipurpose) hall, Multipurpose) Gap: 9
S.N
.
18 Sport complex City level (football 1 per 50000 populations Kodhar Sport Area-10 Existing Gap: 1 city level
ground, volley ball, (City level) Jivanpur Chaur-10 sports centre and 1 district
swimming pool etc.) Badhgau Chaur -10 sport centre
1 per 100000 population Lack of modern sport centres Projected Gap: 2 city level
District Sports (District Sport Centre) sports centre and 1 district
Centre sport centre
S.N
.
19 Movie Hall City and local 5 seats per 1000 population Existing Gap: 2 Movie Hall (160
level (City & local level) seats/Hall)

Projected Gap: 3 Movie Hall (150
seats/Hall)

8 Major markets (mixed
type products): (Malpani,
Neighbourhood Kumroj, Fulbari Tole, Existing Gap: 3 & Projected
20 Vegetable Market 1 in 6000 population (NBH level) Janachetana Tole, Kapiya, Gap: 7
Level
Bairiya, Gauwala and
Harnari)

Parking (Two/
three/ four Existing Gap: 22 &
21 Parking Space 1 parking lot for 3000 population Projected Gap: 29
wheeler) Taxi
park
S.N Existing
Infrastructure Norms Standards Gap
. Scenario
Intra City Bus Terminal 1 parking lot for 100 buses & 100
(Linking with other cities) trucks (Intra City Bus Terminal)
22 Transportation system
Inter City Bus Terminal 1 parking lot for 100 buses (Inter
(within the city) City Bus Terminal)

National
23 Airport National Airport
Airport
(Source: Planning Norms & Standards, 2013)
4.9 Potential Lead Sector Identification

1. Agriculture
2. Tourism
3. Health and Education
4. Industry
Agriculture, Tourism, Health and Education and Industry are the major sector to be considered for the overall development of the municipality.
All these sectors should be given priority while formulating and implementing different kinds of development plans. On the basis of above-
mentioned lead sectors, vision setting of the municipality has been done with the consultation of municipal authorities, people representatives
and concerned stakeholders.
5 CHAPTER-V: DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR MUNICIPALITY
5.1 Vision of the Municipality

Slogan of Vision:
pBf]u, s[lif, ko{6g / k"jf{wf/
;d[4 / ;d'Ggt v}/xgLsf] cfwf/
With the above selected vision slogan, it truly clarifies the people of Khairahani are confident
that their municipality will only prosper through proper and strategic development plans
oriented towards, Agriculture, Tourism, Industry and Infrastructures.
5.2 Goal
The long-term goal of this municipality is to promote sustainable development to make it a
livable and prosperous urban center in the long run.
5.3 Objectives
Khairahani Municipality for-sees their municipality to flourish under major sectors i.e.
Agriculture, Pilgrim and Eco-tourism, and Infrastructural development. People of Khairahani
wishes to visualize their city as beautiful and picturesque, which clearly suggest their
intentions of clean and healthy city environment. Though, the word beautiful itself is an
abstract terminology and could mean different to different people but to citizen of
Khairahani, beauty of their city is guided with its cleaner, and healthier natural environment.
A city can never prosper with proper and strategic investment on education and health of its
citizens. In fact, education and well-being of its citizens are key indicators of development
index (HDI) of the city to mark its prosperity. Hence, in order to foresee the prosperous
Khairahani, the plans and programs must safeguard wellbeing and education of its citizens.
5.4 Strategies
 Infrastructure development
 Tourism development
 Participatory planning
 Well-being of deprived and vulnerable sections of society
 Disaster risk management
 Market center development
 Local governance and service delivery
5.5 Plans for Implementing Development Framework
To meet the above stated vision, goals and objective of the municipality, various plans are
prepared for subsequent 5-10-15 years. Every single plan has been an unaavoidbale part of
the the integrated urban development plan. The sectoral development plans to constitute
IUDP in the municpality has been listed below (see Chapter VI):
 Physical development plan
 Road network and transportation plan
 Water supply plan

 Drainage and sewerage network plan
 Solid waste management plan
 Electricity and communication plan
 Social development plan:
 Cultural and tourism development plan
 Economic development plan
 Financial plan
 Institutional development plan
 Environment management plan
 Disaster risk management plan
 Climate change adaptation plan
 Multi-sector investment plan (msip)
5.6 DED Selection
In case of Khairahani, from considering and calculating numbers of indicators mentioned in
Annex-2, the project of upgrading of road along with drainage and river training has obtained
the highest number in comparison to other projects. Since, the vision focuses on
infrastructural development, the project which suits the vision and are feasible for the local
people and helps in development are selected as DED 1, DED 2 and DED 3.
Table 23:Result of DED selection of Khairahani Municipality
Total Weightage Gained
Benefits and
Overall
Project Congruence Capacity Positive Total
Viability
Impacts
Upgrading of road along with
provision of drainage and its 25 16.3 22 17.75 81.05
management
River training works 20 17.2 19 21 77.2
Construction and management

7.5 15.8 8 9.7 41
of irrigation canal
Construction of health post in

10 20 25 17 72
every wards
Afforestation and sanitation
7.5 15.8 8 9.7 41
program
Construction of home stay 2.5 21.5 14 21.75 59.75
Construction of 15 bedded
25 15.2 11 24.2 75.4
hospital
Construction of ring road and
25 16.3 14 17.75 73.05
parking
DED-1: Road with drainage

Upgrading of road along with drainage facility is selected as DED1 and it connects the
market centers and serves the majority of settlements. For the sanitation and proper
development of the municipality, drainage is proposed.
Map 39: DED1 – Road
Table 24: Summary cost of Drainage
S.N Description of work Amount (In NRs)

1 Civil Work 217729693.60
2 General Items 1300454.72

83669002.42
3 Miscellaneous Items
Total 302699150.74
VAT 13% 39350889.60
Grand Total 342050040.33
DED-2: River Training

The municipality recommends to construct the Dam as a river training. Also, according to
indicators, river training has obtained the highest marks in Khairahani, so it is selected as
DED2.
Map 40: DED2 – River Training
Table 25: Summary cost of river training
S.N Description of work Amount (In NRs)

1 Civil Work 381249856.56
2 General Items 1906249.28

7824997.13
3 Miscellaneous Items
Total 390981102.98
VAT 13% 50827543.39
Grand Total 441808646.36
DED-3: Road
The municipality recommends to construct the road as DED3 connecting from Jiwanpur –
Siddhartha Chowk-10, Kathar-10 to Barpipal Chowk) Khairini Municipality. By upgrading
the road, it will make easy accessibility to receive the municipal services. Further it is
presented in the map and the feature and cost estimation summary is presented below
respectively.
Figure 5: Cross section for non- settlement , Terai
Figure 6: Cross Section for settlement , Terai
Map 41: DED 3- Road
Table 26: Feature and cost estimation of DED3
Features Description
Urban Road (Jiwanpur – Siddhartha Chowk-10,
Name of the Road Kathar-10 to Barpipal Chowk) Khairini Municipality
Chainage: [0+000 – 4+679.83] KM
Location
Province: 3
District: Chitwan
Municipality / Rural
Khairahani Municipality
Municipality
(Ratomate, Chainpur, Badgaun, Kathar, Simreni,
Major Settlements
Phasera)
Length 4.68 km
Starting Point Jiwanpur
End Point: Kathar
Geographical Features
Terrain Plain
Altitudinal Range m to m
Climate: Sub-tropical
Geology: Boulders, gravel, sand, silt and clay
Unevenly Distributed Precipitation Controlled by
Meteorology:
Monsoon
Features Description
Design Standard
Standard NRS 2070
Mostly Earthen surface, Partly metallic and gravel
Existing Surface:
surface
Proposed Pavement: Asphalt Pavement
Geometrics
Right of Way: 30 m (15 m on either sides of the Center line)
Formation Width: 10 m
Carriage Way Width: 7m
Shoulder Width: 1.5 m on either side
Maximum Gradient 7%
Minimum Gradient 0.5%
Lane Double
Structures (Qty/No.)
Drainage Structures
a) Side Drain RCC Rectangular Drain
b) Pipe Culvert 7 nos. (900mmdia), and 5 nos.(1200mm dia)
c) Slab Culvert 4 nos (4m span)
d) Causeway
Retaining Structures
a) Stone Masonry
3,611.38 m3
Retaining
Earth Work
 Excavation / Cutting 654.75 m3
 Embankment / Filling 13,324.12 m3
Pavement
Sub-Base 6,688.64 m3
Base 5,016.48 m3
Pavement Surface
Asphalt 50 mm
Cost Estimate (NRs)
Base Cost 355,556,293.60
(A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H)
Contingency @ 4% of Base 14,222,251.74
Cost
Price adjustment Contingency 35,555,629.35
@ 10% of Base Cost
Physical Contingency @ 10% 35,555,629.35
of Base cost
Total 440,889,804.04
VAT @ 13& of Total 57,315,674.53
Grand Total Cost 498,205,478.56
Cost Per Km of the road 106,458,029.15
6 CHAPTER VI: SECTORAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS
6.1 Introduction
The Sectoral Development Plans provide strategic directions of the sectors over their plan
period. They are consistent with the long term national development goals and objectives.
These plans help for the overall development of the municipality for short and long term.
6.2 Physical Development Plan
The long-term physical development plan aims to improve the urban physical amenities of
the Khairahani municipality. Physical Strategic Plans are prepared with the help of
national/municipal goals, various planning guidelines including National Urban Development
Strategy, planning norms & standards etc.
6.2.1 Land Use Zoning

From the land use map of Khairahani municipality, we can see most of the area is covered by
cultivation land i.e. 69.514% of the total area and second large area is covered by forest area
i.e. 21.019. As it lies in terai and majority of occupation is related to agriculture, most of the
area of the municipality is covered by cultivation land.
For proposing of land use, site suitability analysis should be considered. Indicators such as
slope, flood, landslide, environment sensitive area, forest, river and elevation of the
municipality were studied for the proper selection of settlement and commercial area.
Selection criteria is shown in the table below:
Table 27: Criteria for the site selection of the settlement area
New Settlement Site Selection of Khairahani Municipality, Chitwan
S.N
Parameter Value
.
1 Slope <30˚
2 Flood Exclude High Flood Risk Zone
3 Landslide Exclude High Landslide Susceptibility Zone

4 ESA Exclude High ESA
5 Forest 100m Buffer from edge of Forest
6 River 20m Buffer from the edge of Forest
7 Elevation <2000m
Considering the road and settlements, residential and commercial area are proposed for the
easy accessibility and living standard of people. Those areas which carry importance from
touristic point of view, are also declared as the tourism zone. For the proper selection of site
for settlement and commercial area, certain indicators were considered i.e. slope, flood,
landslide, environment sensitive area, forest. River and elevation.
Map below shows the proposed land use map of Khairahani according to the site selection
map as discussed earlier. Residential, commercial, potential tourism area are proposed which
helps in the future planning.
Map 42: Proposed land use map of Khairahani Municipality
Table 28: Proposed land use area of Khairahani municipality

S.N LANDCOVER AREA (Sq. Km) AREA (%)
.
1 Forest 17.708 20.706
2 Cultivation 45.732 53.476
3 Barren Land 1.875 2.193
4 Grass Land 0.531 0.621
5 Orchard 0.037 0.044
6 Tree Cluster 0.010 0.011
7 Industrial Area 0.859 1.005
8 Open Space 0.007 0.008
9 River 1.478 1.728
10 Pond Area 0.850 0.994
11 Sand Area 0.067 0.078
12 Proposed Residential Area 8.623 10.083
13 Proposed Commercial Area 0.767 0.896
14 Proposed Mixed Area 5.859 6.851
15 Proposed Institutional Area 0.317 0.370
16 Proposed Tourism Area 0.801 0.936
Total 85.518 100.00
6.2.2 Urban Expansion

The area of suitable site for the settlement is 38.129 sq.km in the municipality. For safety,
buildings should be planned among this area. The existing area of building footprints in the
municipality is 2.174 sq.km. The trend of increasing population and urbanization has led to
the increase in settlement in the municipality. The present and projected population of the
municipality is 56094 and 87849 respectively in coming 15 years and the present and
projected density is 656 people per sq.km and 1027 people per sq.km. The area covered by
building footprint is 2.174 sq.km which will be increased according to the increasing density.
From calculation, for the projected density, 1.231 sq.km settlement area is needed. According
to the map, 4.906 sq.km area can be used near the settlement area. So for the municipality,
expansion can be done near the settlement area. The new settlement should not be proposed
for next 15 years.
Map 43: Suitable site for Settlement
6.2.3 Physical Development Issues and Problems

The physical development of issues and problems of the municipality is presented below:
 Every household lacks tap water facility
 There is no rain water harvesting except ward 12
 Lack of proper sanitation facility i.e. lack of land fill site and proper drainage facility
 There is limited access of internet (mobile data and fiber net/ Wi-Fi
 There is lack of public library in Khairahani municipality as well as there is no central
library
 There is lack of fire station

 Lack of physical amenities like museum, conference hall, etc.
6.3 Urban Infrastructure Plan

For the sustainable and prosperous development of the municipality, urban infrastructure plan
is important. It discusses about water supply plan, drainage network, solid waste, electricity
and telecommunication plan.
Major guiding principle for urban infrastructure plan are presented below:
 Improvement in management of infrastructure investment, to achieve sustainable

outcomes
 Enhance synergy among the actors in sanitation development, including municipal
government agencies, the private sector, NGOs, and others.
 Participatory approach in SWM, so that people take it as asset to their personal level
rather than the liability.
 Mandatory provision of installing alternative source of energy for at least 25% of total
energy usage in the building. Especially in case of public, institutional and commercial
building.
6.3.1 Water Supply

Guided by the target of delivering equitable access to safe, adequate, affordable and
sustainable water supply and sanitation services, water supply plan is another important
physical plan which matters for the long term strategy of the town. With the following
strategic frameworks, water supply plan is proposed for the long term strategy.
Objective:
 Equitable, safe, adequate and affordable water supply facility to each households and
institutions and for municipal purpose
 Sustainable water supply measures
Strategy:
 Provision of treatment plant and regular monitoring of quality of water as defined by

WHO guidelines
Hence, to attend these objectives and goals, proper necessary activities have been
approached. The strategic vision of the water supply should be guided by safe, affordable and
accessible water supply to all, as in the matter we should also be aware about the sustainable
need of water supply plans and conservation of the water sources.
Table 29: Logical Framework Approach(LFA) of water supply
Indicators Of Means Of
Descriptions Assumptions
Achievement Verifications
 Report from  Approval and
 Safe, reliable and
DCC/Municipa implementatio
 To provide clean affordable water
l office, DWSS, n of IUDP
Goals and safe water in supply
DWSSO and  Availability of
adequate quantities  Water supply
CBO’s, Self- water supply in
facility to all HH
help group, nearby areas
 24 hours’ access to  Prioritizing
clean hygienic projects and
 Increasing water
water supply for  Report from budget
availability
every households DCC/Municipa allocation
 Reducing
 Participation of l office, DWSS,  Availability of
Objective incidences of water
individual HH and DWSSO and open space and
s borne diseases
community in rain CBO’s, Self- extensive
 Prevention of water
water harvesting help group, public
contamination and
 Ease for travellers HDI, I/NGO participation in
pollution
for drinking water rainwater
and washing harvesting
 Adequate safe,  1000 (lpcd)
reliable and hygienic water  Budget
affordable water supply (18-24 hours allocation and
supply facility per day)  Report from project
 Rain water  Each household DCC/Municipa prioritizations
harvesting provision will have rain water l office, DWSS,  Extensive
in HH and harvesting system DWSSO and public
Output community level and community will CBO’s, Self- contribution
 Water supply for have water storage help group, and
private, institutional for community HDI, I/NGO, participation
and industrial purpose PRA, FGD, HH  Connections of
purpose  Public taps installed survey water supply
 Public taps for on major junctions from nearby
drinking water and and important source
washing locations
 Lab testing for water to determine quality of water (arsenic and purification test)
 Promoting rainwater harvesting in household level by subsidizing on money and
technical support.
 Adopt water recycling at a large scale through water treatment plant
Activities
 Water harvesting directives to be included in planning for all city developments for
rain water to be stored in community and HH level
 Public taps installed along necessary junctions
 Application of drinking water plan
6.3.2 Waste Water

Waste water of the municipality includes grey water and black water that is generated from
every household. Most of the household in the municipality have access to toilet. With the
goal of clean, safe and sustainable sanitation program within the reach of every citizen, some
of the focus sectors have been identified.
Objective:
To ensure proper sanitation facilities in each household and institutions.
Strategy:
Management of waste water and sanitation in every household
Strategic Projects:
 Installation of waste water treatment plant

 Waste water treatment plants in ward 13 at south east of Simreni and north of Gauwa
 Construction of public toilet at Parsa Bazar in ward 6 and 8
 Installations of sewerage network along the road
The flow of waste water (grey water and black water) is along the gradient of the
municipality. It flows along the road network and road networks are connected to the river.
Various outlets are proposed in the municipality for the easy flow of waste water. The water
is collected to the river side and transferred to the waste water treatment plant. In the
municipality, outlets are proposed near Tungara, Jyamire, Simalghari, Sisahani and Gauwa.
Map below shows the flow of waste water and proposed sewerage network in Khairahani,
Map 44: Proposed sewerage network map of Khairahani
6.3.3 Drainage
Management of drain in Khairahani helps for making the city clean and healthy. The problem
in the municipality is installation of unscientific drain system. For controlling of water to
collect in an area, management of drainage is necessary.
Objective:
 Sanitation facilities in each household and institutions.

 Efficient and effective sewer and drainage networks within the city
Strategy:
 Provision of drainage facility in every road side and its treatment for proper reuse
Strategic Projects:
Drainage and sanitation is day to day process, hence needs to have some certain level of
awareness in people. Apart from that there are some important large scale infrastructures
required to control the drainage mechanism for the city including some required treatment
plant. Some of the important projects are identified as:
 Reed Bed Treatment plant in some identified location

 Construction of drainage network connecting Siddhipur to Jyamire to Shanti Bazar
Table 30: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Drainage and Sewerage
 Provision of
 Report from
sustainable  Implementation
 Clean, safe and DCC, Municipal
sanitation and of IUDP
Goals affordable, sustainable office, DWSS,
drainage  Budget
sanitation RWSSP, NWSC,
system for all allocation
STWSSSP
HH
 Efficient and effective  All houses and
sewer and drainage institution with  Availability of
networks in the city toilet and technology and
 Toilet facility in every septic tank skilled
 Report from manpower
households and  Clean, green
DCC, Municipal
institution equipped and healthy  Monitoring by
Objectives office, DWSS,
with septic tank city concerned
RWSSP, NWSC,
 Make the city “Open  People authority
STWSSSP
Defecation Free Zone” motivated  Use of public
 To aware people about toward toilets by
healthy sanitation and cleaning their people
drainage system own city
Output  Each HH and institution  100% HH with  Report from  Monitoring by
with toilet and septic proper toilet DCC, Municipal concerned
tank and septic tank office, DWSS, authority
 Drainage and sewerage  Use of drain RWSSP, NWSC,  Budget
lines installed along the water in STWSSSP, allocation
road side of capacity as various
per demand purpose  Availability of
 Drain water treatment  Open technology and
plant installed at the exit defecation free PRA, FGD, HH skilled
of drainage city survey technicians
 Easily accessible public  No collection  Maintenance
toilets in public spaces of rainwater on issue
 Storm water drainage road
 Waste water treatment plants in ward 13 at south east of Simreni and north of
Gauwa
 Construction of public toilet at Parsa Bazar in ward 6 and 8
 Construction of drainage network connecting Siddhipur to Jyamire to Shanti
Bazar
Activities
 Providing waste water treatment plan for reusing of treated water
 Installation of drainage and sewerage pipe along the road side
 Installation of water treatment plant before discharging from the outlet
 Installations of sewer pipeline network and localize sewer treatment units
 Programs on public awareness through radio/TV broadcasting/Publicity
6.3.4 Solid Waste

To attain the goal of systematic, effective and sustainable solid waste management, it is very
important to proceed through the level of awareness of people in the town. Clean and dirt free
Khairahani is envisioned by every citizen of the municipality. Participatory approach of solid
waste management is one of the most important aspect of implementation.
Objective:
 Extensive promotion reuse, reduce and recycle of solid waste (3R)
 Effective management of sanitary land fill site
 Strong institutional mechanism for solid waste management
Strategies:
 Implementation of 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) system in the municipality and

integration of solid waste management system in 15 years
Strategic Projects:
 Awareness campaign for solid waste management.

 Construction of landfill site in ward 13
 Establishment of waste transfer station at Simreni, Purano Parsa, Kathar and Chainpur
 Solid waste collection point and separation of those waste
 Awareness program related to sanitation
For the proper solid waste management plan, collection point is proposed at 200m buffer
from the settlement area so that it will be accessible for people to collect waste at certain
point. These points are proposed around the road surface so that it will be easy for truck to
collect to the transfer station. The site for transfer station and land fill site is selected so that it
is at longer distance from settlement area, river and accessible through road. In the
municipality, area around Simreni is selected as a land fill site. Map below shows the area of
collection point and transfer station in Khairahani municipality,
Map 45: Proposed solid waste collection point and land fill site
Table 31: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Solid Waste Management

 Clean and healthy city  Report
with sustainable solid from DCC,
 Approval and
 Systematic, effective waste management Municipal
implementation
and sustainable  Participatory office,
Goals of IUDP
management of solid approach of SWM DWSS,
 Availability of
waste with Refine, Recycle RWSSP.
landfill site
and Reuse (3R) NWSC,
concept STWSSSP
Objectives  Extensive reduce,  Production of energy  Report  Efficiency of
reuse and recycle of from solid waste from DCC, bio gas on
solid waste (3R)  100% houses to be Municipal winter season
 Maintaining clean and provided with dustbin office,  Use of separate
healthy environment to separate degradable DWSS, dustbin for
by minimizing adverse and non-degradable RWSSP. separate waste
effect of the solid

waste in public health waste  Project
and environment  Clean city without NWSC, prioritization
 Effective management dumping of solid STWSSSP and budget
of sanitary land fill site waste on road side allocation
and organic
 Landfill site
 Sanitary land fill site  Functional SWM  Report  Budget
units in Khairahani from DCC, allocation and
 Bio gas installed
Municipality and Municipal project
 Clean city with
nearby rural office,
property laid out prioritization
municipalities DWSS,
Output dustbin on road side  Operation of
 100% of HH waste RWSSP.
 Community bio gas on
collected in NWSC,
participation extended, winter season
Khairahani STWSSSP,
waste collection  People
Municipality and PRA, FGD,
activities coordinated participation
nearby rural HH survey
municipalities
 Construction of landfill site in ward 13
 Establishment of waste transfer station at Simreni, Purano Parsa, Kathar and
Chainpur
Activities  Segregation of waste in household level
 Installation of solid waste bins along the road side and in public spaces.
 Provision of separate dustbin for HH for degradable and non-degradable waste
 Awareness campaign and program on 3R’s and segregation of solid waste
6.3.5 Electricity
Electricity is one of the necessity of every individual. With the primary goal or providing,
electricity service to each individual in the town, the electricity plan is prepared. It basically
focused on optimization of resources in distribution of electricity. Target of affordable and
accessible electricity is to be backed up by some objectives as follows.
Objective:
 Access of universal and affordable electricity services.
 Promotion of alternative energy resources: Solar and wind energy
Strategies:
 100% electricity supply in each household of the municipality

 Provision of smart electricity grid in each settlement for exchange of surplus energy
among alternative energy and national grid.
Strategic Projects:
With those basic guidelines mentioned above promoting alternative energy and electrification
of each household with NEA national grid, some of the important strategic projects identified
are:
 Connecting the power line with National grid

 Laying of underground wires for electricity purpose.
Map below shows the accessibility of electricity in Khairahani municipality. Almost every
wards of the municipality have access to electricity facility. It seems that forest areas are not
facilitated with electricity. Those areas which are important for tourism should also be
provided access.
Map 46: Access to electricity facility in Khairahani municipality
Table 32: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Electricity and Communication

 Universally
available  Reports from
 Develop quality,
electricity facility MoIF, Nepal  Implementation
reliable and
and promotion of electricity of IUDP
Goals resilient electricity
renewable source authority (NEA),  Budget
connecting with the
of energy in Municipal office, allocation
national grid
household and etc
institutional level
 Connecting
national electricity
grid with the micro
hydro development
of Khairahani  Availability of
 Reports from
municipality and technology and
 Exchange of MoIF, Nepal
nearby rural skilled
electricity with electricity
Objectives municipalities technicians
national and local authority (NEA),
 Effectiveness of
 Access of grids Municipal office,
renewable
universal and etc
sources
affordable
electricity
services.
 Quality, affordable
and reliable  Surveillance
 Solar lighting on
internet and from concerned
roads and public  Annual report authority
communication
spaces from Nepal
facility  Operation on
 Smart grid electricity
 Sustainable energy adverse weather
infrastructure authority (NEA),
Output source for public  Budget
 Incentives for Municipal office
use allocation
renewable energy profile, DCC
 Encouragement  Availability of
usage profile, PRA,
for public in technology and
 Involvement of FGD, HH survey
sharing extra skilled
private sector
generated technicians
electricity
 Formulating energy policy for promoting renewable energy sources in public and
private usage
Activities  Investing and planning for smart grid electricity infrastructure
 Installation of solar lights on roads and other public spaces
 Upgrading electricity infrastructure
6.3.6 Telecommunication
With the primary goal of providing communication service to each individual in the town,
target of affordable and accessible communication is to be backed up by some objectives as
follows.
Objective:
 Access of universal and affordable communication services.
 Techno friendly city development
Strategies:
 100% communication facility in every household of the municipality

 Encouraging private and public sector to provide and upgrade the quality of internet
and communication services.
Map below shows the accessibility of electricity and telecommunication in Khairahani
municipality. Every settlement in the municipality have access to electricity and
telecommunication facility.
Map 47: Access to telecommunication facility in Khairahani municipality
Table 33: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Electricity and Communication

 Reports from
 Increase universal
 Develop quality, MoIF, Nepal  Implementation
and affordable
reliable and resilient Telecom, of IUDP
Goals accessibility of
communication DCC,  Budget
internet and
infrastructure Municipal allocation
communication
office, etc
 Access of affordable  Each and every
internet and locality facilitated  Reports from  Availability of
communication with internet and MoIF, Nepal technology and
facility telecommunication Telecom, skilled
Objectives
 Qualitative and  Mandatory and DCC, technicians
reliable street lights incentivized Municipal  Maintenance
and Wi-Fi in major renewable energy office, etc issue
public locations policy
Output  Public and private  Quality, affordable  Alternative  Surveillance
ISPs and reliable internet energy and from concerned
 Incentives for and communication promotion authority
facility center
 Sustainable energy (AEPC),  Operation on
renewable energy
source for public use Municipal adverse
usage
 Public motivated for office weather
 Involvement of
renewable energy profile, DCC  Budget
private sector
 FM station as the profile, allocation
 Promotion of radio
source of Nepal  Availability of
stations
entertainment and telecom, FM technology and
 Wi-Fi hotspots in stations,
awareness skilled
public spaces PRA, FGD, technicians
 Easily accessibility
for public HH survey
 Promoting and monitoring FM stations
 Encouraging private and public sector to provide and upgrade the quality of
internet and communication services.
Activities  Promotion of FM, radio stations and other communication services through
private and community participation.
 Wi-Fi hot-spots in the public spaces like bus parks, parks and other urban
squares.
6.4 Urban Transport Plan

In flat roads like Khairahani, they are associated with easy ground access and availability of
related infrastructures. The design measures should include designing of off-site drainage,
erosion protection measures and identification of best locally available materials.
Objective:
 Maintain and promote connectivity with each settlement of Khairahani with major road
of 14m (ROW).
 Promote regional linkage for trade and commerce,
 Encouraging public transportation within the city.
Strategy:
 Easy linkage of Khairahani with nearby districts like Nawalparasi and Makawanpur,
etc. with proper provision of pedestrian’s pathways
6.4.1 Road Classification with RoW

According to the population served, market area and the settlements, new roads are proposed.
Also from the sectoral discussion and views from the villagers, these roads are classified.
Those roads which are important and which serves more population are classified as class A
and others roads are also classified similarly. These roads are also classified considering easy
accessibility of the people and goods. The classification of roads is:
 Feeder road (30m)

 District road (22m)
 Arterial Road (14m)

 Sub Arterial Road (10m)
 Collector Road (6m)
 Foot trail
The following table shows the proposed roads and its classification,
Table 34: Proposed road class in Khairahani municipality
Road Existin Proposed

S.N Proposed
Road Joining Settlements Length g Width Road
. Road Class
(Km) (m) Width (m)
1 Belsi - Simaltandi 7.076 12 Highway 50
District
2 Ramkhola – Chainpur 2.459 6 22
Road
District
3 Khairahani – Parsa 1.128 8 22
Road
District
4 Kumroj – Salauli – Khairahani 5.484 8 22
Road
District
5 Kathar – Shanti Bazar 3.124 8 22
Road
6 Purano Parsa – Shanti Bazar 3.357 20 A 14
7 Hajipur – Sundarbazar 1.063 20 A 14
Janaha Chowk – Janakpur
8 6.574 8 A 14
Road
Kapaiya – Badegaun – Surtana
9 2.959 8 A 14
– Aadarsha Tole
Kapaiya – Badegaun – Surtana
10 3.021 8 A 14
– Aadarsha Tole
Bindabasini Chowk – Lekali
11 6.399 6 A 14
Chowk
Siurenitole – Jyamire –
12 2.006 4 A 14
Hajipur
Siurenitole – Jyamire –
13 1.384 6 A 14
Hajipur
14 Khairahani – Majhui 2.235 7 A 14
Bolrahani – Karaiya Chowk –
15 2.315 6 A 14
Bipard Chowk
Lhanepani Chowk – Singapur
16 5.768 6 A 14
Chowk
Lhanepani Chowk – Singapur
17 2.579 8 A 14
Chowk
18 Tungara – Dudhkoshi Khola 2.865 6 A 14
19 Rai Chowk Road 0.543 6 A 14
Chaubiskot Chowk – Beni
20 3.466 8 A 14
chowk
21 Tarkari CHowk 0.715 6 A 14

S.N Proposed
. Road Class
(Km) (m) Width (m)
22 Milan chowk road 1.120 6 A 14
Harnaire- Dharampur –
23 4.017 6 A 14
Shivalaya Chowk
24 Raj Tole – Trinetra Chowk 0.870 4 A 14
25 Chainpur Road 1.164 6 A 14
Shivalaya Chowk – Rai
26 1.314 5 A 14
Chowk
27 Janakauli – Mahabir Tole 1.049 4 A 14
Siyani chowk – Bhagwan –
28 2.793 4 A 14
Simaltadi chowk
29 Simaltadi chowk road 1.605 6 B 10
30 Janakpost – Shivalaya Chowk 1.637 4 B 10
Janakpur – Peepal chowk –
31 2.065 7 B 10
Sanpur chowk
32 Ghogharela – Magar chowk 1.124 6 B 10
33 Kumartha – Milan chowk 1.839 4 B 10
34 Milanchowk – Kathar 2.634 5 B 10
35 Tara Chowk – Kushana 4.505 5 B 10
Kathar – Tribeni chowk – Tara
36 2.477 6 B 10
chowk
37 Kadel gaun road 1.164 5 B 10
38 Hospital chowk – Badegaun 2.694 5 B 10
39 Sundi – Pidrahanu 3.260 6 B 10
40 Gaida – Kathar 0.605 5 B 10
41 Phapenigaun – Shantibazar 2.685 6 B 10
42 Sultana chowk – Baglung 1.370 5 B 10
43 Simaltadi road 0.380 5 B 10
44 Siddha chowk road 1.308 6 B 10
45 Surtana – Sulauli road 1.664 6 B 10
46 Sundarbasti - Phaserni 2.471 6 B 10
47 Phaseni Road 0.402 4 B 10
48 Chainpur – Siureni tole 1.336 6 B 10
49 Jyamire Road 1.743 7 B 10
50 Jyamire – Kashi gaun 1.332 8 B 10
51 Kunaghari – Patihani 3.013 6 B 10
52 Patihani road 1.769 6 B 10
53 Lekali chowk – Pun tole 0.866 7 B 10
54 Shivalaya chowk road 1.031 6 B 10
55 Chainpur road 1.094 4 B 10
Bindabasini chowk –
56 1.135 6 B 10
Loktantrik chowk
Time pass chowk – Phurba
57 2.682 6 B 10
chowk
58 Muktinath chowk – Dada gaun 1.863 6 B 10

S.N Proposed
. Road Class
(Km) (m) Width (m)
59 Khaireni – Basyauli 1.282 5 B 10
60 Garda road 0.999 6 B 10
61 Kapiya – Mugling – Kumroj 2.255 4 B 10
62 Jahanachowk road 0.716 3 C 6
63 Kumroj – Haranaire 0.808 4 C 6
64 Simreni – Harnaire 1.754 3 C 6
65 Kumroj – Simreli 1.133 3 C 6
66 Simreni road 0.515 3 C 6
67 Janakpur – Kumroj 0.810 2 C 6
68 Harnaire road 1.012 2 C 6
Kumroj – Sisahani connecting
69 1.050 3 C 6
road
70 Kapaiya – Simalghari 2.390 4 C 6
71 Gauwa – Amrita Khola 1.946 3 C 6
72 Salauli – Garde 1.550 3 C 6
73 Japkauli - Phacorni 1.884 3 C 6
74 Jyamire chowk road 1.178 3 C 6
Jyamire – Siureni connecting
75 0.801 3 C 6
road
76 Belsi road 0.794 2 C 6
77 Jyamire – Bahira road 1.106 3 C 6
78 Urban road 0.952 3 C 6
79 Chainpur road 0.760 5 C 6
81 Chainpur – Ratomate 0.776 4 C 6
82 Ratomata – Kunaghari 1.537 4 C 6
84 Ratamata – Chainpur 0.799 4 C 6
85 Urban Road 0.790 3 C 6
86 Chiuntole road 1.178 3 C 6
91 2.060 4 C 6
boundary
92 Ramkhola – Chainpur road 0.766 3 C 6
93 Lodre – Ramkhola 0.715 4 C 6
94 Naya Prasa – Basyauli road 2.796 3 C 6
98 Kathar – Kushana road 1.344 3 C 6

S.N Proposed
. Road Class
(Km) (m) Width (m)
99 Khadkhutte – Kathar 1.282 3 C 6
100 Jivanpur – Kadelgaun 1.859 3 C 6
101 Gaida – Khadkhutte 1.390 3 C 6
102 Urban Road 1.415 4 C 6
103 Urban Road 1.047 4 C 6
Simalghari – Shantibazar
104 1.289 3 C 6
connecting road
(Source: DoR, field visit and municipality)
Map 48: Proposed road network and its class
6.4.2 Road Network

Khairahani municipality lying in terai area has connection with highway and district road
along with the overall road network of Nepal. Highway is connected through East – West
direction in the municipality. District road is also connected towards North and South
direction. The map below shows the strategic road network of Khairahani municipality
connecting national highways and other roads.
Map 49: Strategic road network map
Accessibility Situation
The accessibility seems to be easy in Khairahani due to the presence of major roads. There is
main highway passing through the municipality. Most of the road in the municipality are
Gravel roads, twenty-four roads are black topped and others are earthen roads. Width of the
road in the municipality ranges from 4m to 20m width. These road serves for transporting
within wards and other wards and settlement through vehicles. Other 2m roads are used as
foot trail for travelling between two nearby settlements. Figure below shows the types of
roads and width in Khairahani municipality and it shows the linkage within the settlements.
The name of roads, its width and types are shown in the table below:
Table 35: Road surface type and its width of Khairahani municipality
Road Existing
Existing Road
S.N. Road Joining Settlements Length Width
Surface
(Km) (m)
1 Belsi - Simaltandi 7.076 12 Black Topped
2 Ramkhola – Chainpur 2.459 6 Black Topped
3 Khairahani – Parsa 1.128 8 Black Topped
4 Kumroj – Salauli – Khairahani 5.484 8 Black Topped
5 Kathar – Shanti Bazar 3.124 8 Black Topped
6 Purano Parsa – Shanti Bazar 3.357 20 Black Topped
7 Hajipur – Sundarbazar 1.063 20 Gravel
Road Existing
Existing Road
Surface
(Km) (m)
8 Janaha Chowk – Janakpur Road 6.574 8 Gravel
Kapaiya – Badegaun – Surtana –

9 2.959 8 Black Topped
Aadarsha Tole
Kapaiya – Badegaun – Surtana –

10 3.021 8 Gravel
Aadarsha Tole
11 Bindabasini Chowk – Lekali Chowk 6.399 6 Black Topped
12 Siurenitole – Jyamire – Hajipur 2.006 4 Black Topped
13 Siurenitole – Jyamire – Hajipur 1.384 6 Gravel
14 Khairahani – Majhui 2.235 7 Gravel
Bolrahani – Karaiya Chowk – Bipard

15 2.315 6 Gravel
Chowk
16 Lhanepani Chowk – Singapur Chowk 5.768 6 Gravel
17 Lhanepani Chowk – Singapur Chowk 2.579 8 Black Topped
18 Tungara – Dudhkoshi Khola 2.865 6 Gravel
19 Rai Chowk Road 0.543 6 Gravel
20 Chaubiskot Chowk – Beni chowk 3.466 8 Black Topped
21 Tarkari CHowk 0.715 6 Black Topped
22 Milan chowk road 1.120 6 Black Topped
Harnaire- Dharampur – Shivalaya

23 4.017 6 Black Topped
Chowk
24 Raj Tole – Trinetra Chowk 0.870 4 Black Topped
25 Chainpur Road 1.164 6 Gravel
26 Shivalaya Chowk – Rai Chowk 1.314 5 Black Topped
27 Janakauli – Mahabir Tole 1.049 4 Gravel
Siyani chowk – Bhagwan – Simaltadi

28 2.793 4 Gravel
chowk
29 Simaltadi chowk road 1.605 6 Gravel
30 Janakpost – Shivalaya Chowk 1.637 4 Gravel
Road Existing
Existing Road
Surface
(Km) (m)
Janakpur – Peepal chowk – Sanpur

31 2.065 7 Gravel
chowk
32 Ghogharela – Magar chowk 1.124 6 Gravel
33 Kumartha – Milan chowk 1.839 4 Black Topped
34 Milanchowk – Kathar 2.634 5 Gravel
35 Tara Chowk – Kushana 4.505 5 Gravel
Kathar – Tribeni chowk – Tara

36 2.477 6 Gravel
chowk
37 Kadel gaun road 1.164 5 Gravel
38 Hospital chowk – Badegaun 2.694 5 Gravel
39 Sundi – Pidrahanu 3.260 6 Gravel
40 Gaida – Kathar 0.605 5 Earthen
41 Phapenigaun – Shantibazar 2.685 6 Gravel
42 Sultana chowk – Baglung 1.370 5 Gravel
43 Simaltadi road 0.380 5 Earthen
44 Siddha chowk road 1.308 6 Gravel
45 Surtana – Sulauli road 1.664 6 Gravel
46 Sundarbasti - Phaserni 2.471 6 Gravel
47 Phaseni Road 0.402 4 Gravel
48 Chainpur – Siureni tole 1.336 6 Gravel
49 Jyamire Road 1.743 7 Black Topped
50 Jyamire – Kashi gaun 1.332 8 Black Topped
51 Kunaghari – Patihani 3.013 6 Earthen
52 Patihani road 1.769 6 Black Topped
53 Lekali chowk – Pun tole 0.866 7 Earthen
54 Shivalaya chowk road 1.031 6 Earthen
55 Chainpur road 1.094 4 Earthen

Road Existing
Existing Road
Surface
(Km) (m)
Bindabasini chowk – Loktantrik

56 1.135 6 Earthen
chowk
57 Time pass chowk – Phurba chowk 2.682 6 Black Topped
58 Muktinath chowk – Dada gaun 1.863 6 Gravel
59 Khaireni – Basyauli 1.282 5 Gravel
60 Garda road 0.999 6 Gravel
61 Kapiya – Mugling – Kumroj 2.255 4 Gravel
62 Jahanachowk road 0.716 3 Gravel
63 Kumroj – Haranaire 0.808 4 Gravel
64 Simreni – Harnaire 1.754 3 Gravel
65 Kumroj – Simreli 1.133 3 Gravel
66 Simreni road 0.515 3 Gravel
67 Janakpur – Kumroj 0.810 2 Gravel
68 Harnaire road 1.012 2 Gravel
69 Kumroj – Sisahani connecting road 1.050 3 Earthen
70 Kapaiya – Simalghari 2.390 4 Gravel
71 Gauwa – Amrita Khola 1.946 3 Earthen
72 Salauli – Garde 1.550 3 Gravel
73 Japkauli - Phacorni 1.884 3 Gravel
74 Jyamire chowk road 1.178 3 Gravel
75 Jyamire – Siureni connecting road 0.801 3 Earthen
76 Belsi road 0.794 2 Gravel
77 Jyamire – Bahira road 1.106 3 Black Topped
78 Urban road 0.952 3 Gravel
79 Chainpur road 0.760 5 Gravel
Road Existing
Existing Road
Surface
(Km) (m)
80 Urban road 1.027 2 Earthen
81 Chainpur – Ratomate 0.776 4 Earthen
82 Ratomata – Kunaghari 1.537 4 Earthen
83 Urban road 1.045 4 Black Topped
84 Ratamata – Chainpur 0.799 4 Earthen
85 Urban Road 0.790 3 Black Topped
86 Chiuntole road 1.178 3 Gravel
87 Urban Road 0.337 4 Gravel

91 2.060 4 Earthen
boundary
92 Ramkhola – Chainpur road 0.766 3 Gravel
93 Lodre – Ramkhola 0.715 4 Gravel
94 Naya Prasa – Basyauli road 2.796 3 Gravel
97 Urban Road 3.355 3 Earthen
98 Kathar – Kushana road 1.344 3 Earthen
99 Khadkhutte – Kathar 1.282 3 Earthen
100 Jivanpur – Kadelgaun 1.859 3 Gravel
101 Gaida – Khadkhutte 1.390 3 Gravel
104 Simalghari – Shantibazar connecting 1.289 3 Gravel

road
(Source: DoR, field visit and municipality)
Map 50: Road classification on the basis of existing surface type
6.4.3 Parking Management

Parking plays vital role to enhance the transportation system. Parking management refers to
various policies and programs that result in more efficient use of parking resources. Cost-
effective parking management programs can usually reduce parking requirements by 20-
40% compared with conventional planning requirements, providing many economic, social
and environmental benefits. Parking management system plays and will continue to play an
important role in the revitalization of urban areas. Each form of parking management has its
own benefits and disadvantages. Without the implementation of parking management
system, vehicles are useless.
Objectives:
 Encourage use of alternative modes and reduce motor vehicle use (thereby reducing
traffic congestion, accidents and pollution).
 Reduce compaction in the street and increment in the proper flow of vehicles
Strategy:
 Control of unnecessary parking system in the municipality

 Establishing plans to manage occasional peak parking demands
 Improving parking facility design and operations to help solve problems and support
parking management
Strategic projects:
 Management of auto- tempo parking

 Ring road parking for long term planning
 Preparing plan for proper parking management
 Provision for separate parking space rather than parking along road side
Table 36: Logical Framework Approach(LFA) of urban transportation:
 City profile,
 Ease on modes of
 Safe and DCC/Municipal
transportation in the
convenient office report,  Approval and
municipality and its
movement of DoR/DTMP Implementation
periphery
Goals goods, services report, Traffic of IUDP
 Interlinkage of
and people in the report, I/NGO’s  Prioritization
Khairahani
municipality and reports/ HDI of IUDP
Municipality with
periphery reports, Self-
nearby cities
help groups
 Affordable, easy
 Enhancement of
accessible and
Public
reasonable travel
transportation  Effective local
time  City profile, governance
 Road accessibility
 Maximum DCC/Municipal
to every  People’s
households are within office report,
households willingness
200m distance of DoR/DTMP
 Enhanced  Approval and
Objectives motor able roads report, Traffic
interlinkage of implementation
 Increased report, I/NGO’s
Khairahani with of IUDP
interconnectivity of reports/ HDI
reports, Self-  Awareness
nearby cities
the city and flow of
 Prioritize on help groups level of people
goods, service and
pedestrian friendly and willingness
people
inclusive road
 People friendly
networks
walking
 Planned road
network within  Defined hierarchical
 City profile,  Strong local
city in different road pattern / road
DCC/Municipal governance and
hierarchy laid as per GLD and
office report, prioritization of
 Public Land pooling
DoR/DTMP project
transportation  Preparation of
report, Traffic  Efficiency and
within and among MTMP
Output report, I/NGO’s effectiveness of
cities  Road connections reports/ HDI implementing
 Bus stops and bus including footpaths reports, Self- institutions
parks along and cycling tracks for help groups,  Awareness
different localities flat terrains and PRA, FGD, HH level of people
without disturbing walking trails on survey and willingness
the old market area difficult terrain
 Improvement of road status at ward 5, 10, 11, 12 and 13

 Construction and expansion of road system by land pooling and GLD roads
 Urgent construction of road structures and road furniture including bicycle lanes and
Activities foot paths
 Maintain and synchronize traffic lights through government and private sectors
 Construction of road connecting Khairahani municipality and to all nearby RMs
 Programs on public awareness
6.4.4 Issues and Problems

The major problem of the municipality related to transportation is that, most of the roads are
earthen and some of them are graveled. As a result, it is very hard to travel during rainy
season. There is no proper bus stand, signal and bus stop in the municipality.
6.5 Social Development Plan

Social development plan of Khairahani municipality has been prepared in order to enhance
the quality of life of the citizens along with the essential components of education, health,
social security, and accessible service delivery through sports, culture, parks and open spaces
in the municipality.
6.5.1 Education
There are 39 educational institutions in Khairahani municipality from basic to higher studies.
This number seems adequate in terms of existing growth rate of the population which is a
little bit floating in nature. The areas like Khairahani, Kathar, Chainpur, Parsa, Khumroj, and
Chainpur are more accessible for educational services. Moreover, educational dependency
has been increasing mostly to Chitwan/ Bharatpur, and even to Kathmandu and Pokhara. As
per the National census 2011, the literacy rate remains 74%, which accounts for 81% for the
male and 67% for the female. It could have been increased significantly in 2019. So,
increment in literacy rate does not seem a big problem. Moreover, promotion of quality
higher education with gender equity has been the major challenge for this municipality.
By analyzing this situational gap, the following LFA has been prepared for the development
of educational sector of Khairahani municipality in the long run.
Table 37: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Education
Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Education

 Provide equity-based opportunities in education with quality
Goals
services
Objectives  Achieve 100% literacy in the municipality.
Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Education

 Specific guidelines for non-formal education and formal education
(pre-elementary, elementary, secondary and higher)
 Increase in quality of education and easily accessibility of higher
and technical education/ training with adoption of specific strategies.
 Education for all: regardless of sex, caste, region and age group
 Expand employment-based vocational education
 Prop-people administration and governance in the educational sector
Means of  Municipality plans and programs
verification  DoE report
 Government prioritization and budget allocation in education sector
Assumption  Provincial support
 Inclusive education for all
S.N Output/Activities Target indicators
1.1 Promotion of Multimedia No. of Schools/ college having digital

in Education instruments for scientific teaching method
Establishment of technical
1.2 school and college at No. of Technical institutions increased
municipal level
Establishment of at least 1
1.3 governmental/community Number of model schools increased
school in each ward
1.4 Establishment of Public
Increased no. of libraries and readers
library
Cross – subsidies 100% children attending school which helps
1.5 education for poor for their development
communities and Dalit
1.6 Conduction of Adult Adult literacy rate increased to 100%
Education in each wards
6.5.2 Health
There are six health posts/ centers, two medium-scale hospital and 31 private-owned medical
units including clinics, labs and pharmacies, and some governmental vaccination/ birthing
centers in Khairahani. These numbers are insufficient from infrastructural point of view.
However, the adjacent large city of Bharatpur may hold the pressure where many big
hospitals lies, including Bharatpur District Hospital, Chitwan Medical College and B. P.
Koirala Memorial Cancer hospital. The regions of Khairahani, Kathar, Chainpur, Parsa,
Khumroj, and Chainpur have easy access to health facilities. People used to visit Bharatpur
and even to Kathmandu and Indian cities in the extreme condition of treatment. The
population growth trend suggests that there is a pressure in terms of both how to increase in
the number of health services, and how to upgrade the health services. With this context, the
following LFA is proposed for the long term development of health sector in Khairahani
municipality.
Table 38: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Health

Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Health
 Promote accessible and affordable quality services of universal health

Goals
care to each and every citizens of the municipality
 Increase in quality of medical investigation and promote professional
services with adoption of specific strategies.
 Health for all: regardless of sex, caste, region and age group
 Pro-people administration and governance in the health sector of
municipality (both community/ governmental and private)
 Reduce health service dependency
Objectives
 Provide equity-based opportunities in health services along with
professional and quality services
 Specific guidelines for private health institutions to operate and provide
the health services within the municipality
 Achieve 100% primary health care in the municipality with high access
and affordability.
Means of  Health survey, DHS

Verification  Municipal Profile, Progress Report etc.
 Budget allocation; support from federal and provincial govt.

Assumption  Proper health service for mother and child
 Availability of land and priority of national government
1 Construction of well – equipped hospital, health post, birthing centre
Construction of 50 bedded hospital with  % Increase in number of patient

1.1 specific OPD and consultants system  Reduction in the distance and time
with emergency services for the out of the service delivery
1.2 Construction of Birthing Centre % reduction in MMR and CMR
1.3 Construction of additional health post % of health cases addressed at local
with lab services in each wards levels
1.4 Establishment of Khop Clinic and
% reduction in TFR, MMR and CMR
Gaughar Clinic in each wards
1.5 Establishment of Blood Bank Increased access to emergency service
Establishment of Medical College for Increased enrolment of students in

1.6
paramedical course medical science
2 Promoting health standards
2.1 Provision of drinking water and % increase in clean health provision
sanitation in health posts
2.2 Conduction of program for 100% Decrease of epidemics and
vaccination in each ward communicable disease
2.3 Informative and awareness programs % women participants increased
initiated for women in wards
Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Health
2.4 Health awareness program and free % increased to health access health for
health camp every citizens
3 Provision of facilities and infrastructures related to health
3.1 Provision of vehicles to carry death

Increased access to emergency services
bodies
Facility of at least one Ambulance in
3.2 Increased access to emergency services
each wards
6.5.3 Social Security

Only a secure Khairahani municipal region can promote social security services of universal
trust, care and harmony to each and every citizens of the municipality. Therefore, it is
planned (as presented in LFA) which would provide equity-based opportunities in
community services along with safety measures and we-feeling in Khairahani.
Table 39: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Security
Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Security
 Create safe and secure environment for the citizen and participate in
Goals
community development activities
 Ensure tourist safety and security during stay and travel

 Make safety nets for the natural disaster and other uninvited incidents with
community-level coping and resiliency building
 Response team from community level and from city level in case of
Objectives disaster incidents
 Provide basic security irrespective of participation in specific subsidy
programs for basic necessities
 Promote basic services such as food, clothing, housing, education, money
and medical care
 Municipal Progress Report
Means of
 Plans and Policies
Verification
 Provincial report
 Implementation of IUDP; Budget allocation
Assumption  Monitoring by concerned authority
 Mobilization of local people along with the municipal budget
1 Provision of security services

Solar lights on roads and other public
1.1  Increased road safety
spaces
Constructing separate lanes for  % of safe travelling statistics
1.2 pedestrians and vehicular mobility and  Reduction in road accidents
community participation
Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Security
 Increased safety perceptions

CCTV surveillance to be installed in the
city and provision of firefighting facility  % of use of CCTV in crime
1.3
investigation
Establishing police station/ booths and
 Reduction in criminal activities
1.4 establish crime prevention strategy and
 Promoted DRR
emergency response team
Social awareness program related to
1.5  Reduction in crime cases reporting
domestic violence and discrimination
2 Facility for elderly and differently able people
Establishment of care centres for PDs in
2.1
the municipality % of increased inclusive and respectful
social life as housing status for the
2.2 Establishment of Orphans home
needy persons of the community
Establishment of Old age home in the
2.3
municipality
6.5.4 Culture and Sports

Culture and sports seems important part of social development in Khairahani municipality. It
is culturally rich with an indigenous identity of some caste/ ethnic groups, such as Tamang,
Tharus and Magars. However, there is less possibility to develop this region as a hub of
sports. In this context, the following LFA has been proposed:
Table 40: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Culture and Sports
Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Culture and Sports
 Make an inclusive municipality to all cultures and heritages and

Goals
celebrate the diversity
 Create the leisure time of people fruitful, creative and productive with
pleasant environment for the citizen and participate in community
development activities
 Celebrate the spirit of heritage and the multiculturalism of community
 Increase awareness of the arts, culture and sports
Objectives  Provide basic recreational services irrespective of the age, sex,
physical condition and other socio-economic attribute
 Mobilize the youth and develop sports to prepare able, strong and
disciplined human resource required in the municipality
 Develop a linkage of recreation, sports and tourism for the economic
and multi-sectoral development of the municipality in long-term
 Municipal Progress Report & Municipality Profile
Means of
 Community debt policy of the municipality
Verification
Assumption  Implementation of IUDP; Budget allocation
 Monitoring by concerned authority
Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Culture and Sports
 Mobilization of local people along with the municipal budget
1 Development of culture and arts

Formation of cultural-indigenous Increased number of social groups
1.1
groups (including self-help groups) and CSOs
Protection of marginalized % of protected people and IGs for
1.2
community (Dalit in priority) the particular group
2 Development for sports
Establishment of one youth and
2.1 Sports development centre in each
 % of increased trained players
wards
Develop a ward wise team for  % of increase players and
2.2 spectators, including stakeholders
specific games
Construction of Play Ground in each
2.3
wards
6.5.5 Park and Open Space

The recreational development of Khairahani municipality can be ensured along with the parks
and open spaces. This seems a vital factor to contribute the holistic tourism enterprises as it
has a close proximate to Chitwan National Park. In the planning context, thus, the following
LFA is proposed.
Table 41: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Parks and Open Space
Logical framework Approach (LFA) of Parks and Open Spaces

Goals  Recreational facilities for all
 Provide access to all people

 Green parks, play grounds and open space around the city
Objectives
 Promote sports and recreation facility
 Promote movie theatre and other modern entertainment centers
Means of  Municipal Progress Report & Municipality Profile

Verification  Community debt policy of the municipality
 Implementation of IUDP; Budget allocation
Assumption  Monitoring by concerned authority
 PPP and mobilization of local people along with the municipal budget
Development of Parks and open spaces at every neighbourhoods of the
1
municipality
Logical framework Approach (LFA) of Parks and Open Spaces
1.1 Land acquisition for open spaces and Accessed green parks and open spaces
green parks (in need) to all
1.2 Construction of Children/adult parks in Accessed green parks and open spaces
each wards to all
1.3.. Formation of community groups for Increase number and proportion of
managing parks and spaces active public participation
2 Facilitated the municipality having the structures design about amusement &
recreational activities
2.1 Establishment of municipal level Flourishing the traditional art and
museum/Art Gallery cultures
2.2 Establishment of Municipal level Increased status of local market and
exhibition centre entrepreneurship
2.3 Establishment of City hall Increased status of local market and
(Multipurpose hall) entrepreneurship
3 Development of sports and yoga facilities
Formulation and management of ward- % of increase players and spectators,
3.1 wise team for games (Volleyball, including stakeholders
Football, Cricket etc.)
Establishment of youth and sports
3.2 development centre in each wards of the % of increased trained players
municipality
3.3 Establishment of City level Sport
Promoted sport tourism
Complex
3.4 Construction of Play Ground in each
Promoted sport
wards
Establishment of yoga and meditation Enhanced the spiritual growth of the
3.5
centre with registered doctor municipality
6.5.6 Urban Social Service Centre

Development of urban infrastructure is essential for the sustainable cities. The infrastructural
development will only be ensured by different kinds of social service/ centers in the
municipality. As parts of social development, the following components of these services
should be integrated with spatial and urban development on the regional and local level of
Khairahani:
Table 42: Proposed service centers for the promotion of social Development Through IUDP
Services Specific needs for long-run development Prioritized locations

 Ratmate, Chainpur
 Public spaces public meeting places, concerts,  Ramkhola, Ladari,
markets or public rallies;
Open and  Naya parsa
 Public parks, playing fields, old age homes,
civic space  Jyamre, jyamkehca
children homes and parks, and places of shelter
 Hajipur, Samanpur
in emergency

Community  Exhibition centers for cultural, social or  Badgaun, Sisahani
centers and recreational activities  Pidrahani, Patihani
cultural  Harnaure, Kathar

 Sports facilities and arenas or stadia, museums,
and sports  Kumroj, Dadagaun
theatres, concert venues or cinemas
facilities Purano Parsa
 Janakpur
 Jankauli, Simreni
Religious or Places of worship, religious education, and
 Dharampur, Surtana
cultural associated administration spaces
 Simalghari,
Tinmuhane, Gauwa
6.5.7 Social Development Issues and Problems

 Mostly the agricultural identity with touristic potentiality as buffer area of Chitwan
National Park, etc. are the most critical factors for overall development of the
Khairahani
 A mixed community; along with Khas/ Arya, janajatis, Dalits, and few highly
marginalized communities
 Public hearing and grassroots democracy along with rising awareness and
expectations, as there is an elected local government and representatives after a long
vacant
 Challenge to adapt social mobility and technological development
 Special focus on education, health and social sector; growing concerns and issues of
children, women, youth, elderly people and marginalized communities/ groups
 Lack of urban scale health institutions with basic facilities including maternity
services and other emergency services
 Institutional problems related to capacity building, service delivery and offices
infrastructures in the changing context of federalism and people’s growing
expectation
6.6 Economic Development Plan

6.6.1 Industrial Development and Trade Promotion
In Khairahani there are number of small, medium scale and cottage industries. Rice mill,
furniture and grill are major industries. The necessary raw materials for furniture and
factories are found from same municipality and from other neighboring town areas. The
furniture industry makes tables, chairs, beds, cupboard etc. Among them furniture factory and
rice mills are very important to generating employment opportunities for local people. Brick
factory, poultry, food, sand and stone and gas factories are growing day by day. The
remittance from abroad is used in productive enterprises these days have also helped to make
people self-reliant.
The roads of Khairani are graveled and pitched and earthen but in ward no.6 there are mixed
types of road which clarifies that import and export of the industries is not a problem. Being
neighbor with Khairani municipality, a proposed industrial area, will be of a great boon for
the municipality for importing cheaper goods as well as employment opportunities.
Availability of electricity and telecommunication sector will further aid in this sector.
Linkage to big cities like Kathmandu, Pokhara, Narayangadh, Bharatpur, Tulsi will be good
for the enterprises. Presence of different cooperatives and organizations makes it easy for the
capital arrangement for enterprises.
Open Boarder will make it challenging for the domestic market to sustain it sale and black
marketing of products may result in shutting down of industries as well. As Kalika is a
proposed industrial area, budget of this municipality for industry sector in this municipality
might not be sufficient.
6.6.2 Employment Generation, Poverty Reduction
The poverty of the municipality was reduced from 10% to 4% with the rate of 64% in the
year 2003 to 2011. The data were taken from Small Area Estimates of Poverty 2003 and
2011. Assuming blockade to have directly affected the municipality and earthquake indirectly
in 2015, for 2018, poverty is assumed to be reduced by 38% rate to 2.2%. With the economic
activities continuing accordingly, the rate is assumed to reach 2.1% in 2023, 1% in 2028 and
0.3% in 2033. But this assumption has not considered the fact that remittance has slowly
started to show voluntary unemployment in the country as a whole and this municipality will
not be an exception.
This will be a reality assumed that the activities mentioned in the LFA are run smoothly
along with the assumptions put forward for each indicator are not hindered in any form
throughout the years.
6.6.3 Regional Competiveness of Municipality
Along with the support of local government, Khairani has developed in livestock farming and
slowly specifically developing in bee farming but not enough to compete with other
municipalities in the region. It still has a lot to improve for stopping the import of livestock
goods. Likewise, Kalika is proposed industrial area making Khairani weaker in Trade and
commerce too. With tourist’s sites being recently explored the place is not in travelers’ to
visit site due to presence of touristic area in near proximity like Sauraha, Upardangadi. But
the flow of tourists to its proximity area has helped the small hotels and lodges increase its
revenue.
6.6.4 Agriculture Development
The major crops in Khairahani municipality comprises of paddy, wheat, maize, millet,
sesame, mustard for livelihood and gram, red lentils, lemon, cauliflower, cabbage, daikon,
potato, ginger, turmeric, lemon, pear for livelihood as well as commercial use. Organic
farming is practiced for ginger, turmeric, lemon, pear, banana, amilo and other fruits, etc. In
this municipality, Prime Minister Agricultural Fund has also been allocated. Both organic and
inorganic vegetables are cultivated in different seasons.
Opportunities
With markets being slowly developed, the development can aid the commercialization of
agricultural products which can help the agricultural products its place, identification of
major agricultural products, pocket areas and research on opportunity of organic farming and
alternate farming technologies will further improve the quality of food. Due to agricultural
and commercial area, increment in income generation among people and Opportunity for
commercial activities due to the presence of highway is present in the municipality.
Opportunity for agricultural tourism is also visible in the municipality. Sufficient agricultural
land and increasing interest of youth in modern agricultural production are the major
opportunities of this filed.
Challenges
Unplanned plotting of agricultural land and growing trend of urbanization is the major
challenge of the municipality. Insufficient Irrigation system and insufficient electric power
backups has been the hindrance. Irrigation is a primary source for the agriculture to promote
its productivity and commercialization. It is however partly developed in Khairani. Lack of
skill and training among people and unmanaged farming system is big challenge. Increment
in plotting of agricultural land and substituting the traditional agricultural process with
modern one will be a big challenge.
Livestock
Along with the agricultural activities, recent trend in the municipality is seen as the
commercialization of livestock farming for the income generation and promotion of the
livelihood. Buffalo, cow, chicken, goat, pig and fish are the major animal pocket areas of
Khairahani municipality. The farms have been also developed as the animal pocket center
that have Buffalo, goat, pig, chicken and bee are the major animal pocket areas of Khairahani
municipality
Opportunities
Khairani municipality has been serving as the market center for nearby settlements and even
areas like Kathmandu, Pokhara, Narayangadh, Bharatpur, Tulsi. With the advantage of being
in a zone along with Chitwan district. It has got tremendous opportunity to serve as the
commercial town where it can serve as the supply center for nearby settlements and districts.
Due to the good provision of roads and highway inside the municipality, there will be easy
transport of goods from the market.
Challenges
If there’s no modern form of rearing, the livestock products may be expensive and the market
is bound to be filled with higher priced products from the other side of the border or even
from the other municipalities of Nepal. Investment for storage of the livestock product isn’t
much attractive as there’s no extensive livestock assuring the profit to the storage.
6.6.5 Strategic Location of Different Market Centre/Product Collect Centres
In Khairahni municipality, there are six market center which is connected with existing and
proposed road network due to which there is accessibility for people. Those market centers
include Jyamire, Naya Parsa, Purano Parsa, Simaltadi, Kathar and Kumroj. The municipality
has to separate budget to make more market centers especially on the north side of the
municipality for trading on the northen side of the municipality with Khairani which is import
based economy. Following map shows the market area and its linkage with road roads,
Map 51: Market center of Khairahni municipality
6.6.6 Possible Economic Zones Based on Local Economic Growth Potentials

Looking at the potentiality and investment commitment made by the municipality, the
municipality could be developed and established as a livestock hub focusing on bee
farming. The locals already are aware of how it has to be done. With subsidy up to 80% for
bee farming, commercialization of bee farming by the present employed bee farmers is also
adequate for the municipality. The Prime Minister Modernization fund has also equally
emphasized upon bee farming pocket area making adding to this possibility.
6.6.7 Potential and Problems of Economic Development Plan
But the fact that the municipality isn’t accessed with proper road network the economic plan
has focused upon infrastructural development, but specification has not been made. Bee
farming is a challenging job and the government has not put focus upon establishing the
micro enterprises which would use the raw materials from bee farming and increase its value
in the market.
Table 43: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Economic Plan
Descriptions Indicators of Means of Assumptions

Goals  To develop Khairani  Establishment of  Report from  Proper
municipality as bee farming DCC/ evaluation of
livestock hub pocket area as municipal fund used from
specializing in bee proposed by PM office, ministry PM

farming. Modernization of tourism, Modernization
Fund Fund
 Increase in export  Feasible Road
of maize all over connectivity to
the country by at and from
least 20%. Kathmandu
 To identify the place  Demand of bee  Report from  Skilled Youth
as bee farming farming outputs DCC/ retained in the
model all over the municipal municipality
 Commercialization country produced office, ministry  Foreign Return
of livestock farming in Khairani of finance, IRO get government
related to cows,  Small scale help to start
Objectives buffaloes and goat industry new ventures
established in as per their
each ward skill
 Capital Budget
fully utilized
 Commercialization  Reduction in out-  Report from  Proper local

of livestock products migrants DCC/ budget control
 Off-season  Increase in small municipal  Involvement of
vegetables, fruits, investors office, ministry local manpower
Output farming.  Increase in of finance, for local level
 Establishment of number of small CBS, road activities
new micro- and medium department of
enterprises scaled tax payers. Nepal
Activities  Nearly 80 percent subsidy for bee farming.

 Three days training about cow, buffalo, goat and bee rearing.
 Focus of Prime Minister Agriculture modernization programs for bee
farming pocket areas.
 Distribution of grass cutting ripper and hand tractors.
 Awareness program along with subsidy for promoting organic cultivation.
 Testing of fertility of soil for division of land to produce diverse products.
 Training to banana farmers to increase its productivity.
 Integrated cultivation activity to encourage low earning farmers.
 Policies to promote chicken and other bird rearing.
 Allotment of budget for trekking routes for tourists.
 Possible home stay construction in different wards.
 Development of view towers and tourist infrastructure around the view
tower.
 Establishment of hotels and lodges for inducing longer stay of tourists.
 Plans and programs to make Khairahani industrial state to be prepared along

with its prospects.
 Municipality level industrial and trade fair.
6.7 Tourism and Cultural Development plan
6.7.1 Identification and Preservation of Cultural Heritages Sites

Khairahani lies in the former Chitwan district in Province number 3 has boundary with
Chitwan National Park on the Southern side. Chitwan district is renowned for the national
park, Narayani river, conservation of endangered wild life species like one-horn rhino,
vultures and alive Tharu culture. Due to these and its own unique social, cultural, economic
and geographic features, this municipality has high potentiality of tourism development. The
shadowed tourism destinations and products are needed to be explored and publicized, to
bring the economic development in this region.
a) Social and Cultural Diversity: This municipality is blessed with sacred places like
Harashwore temple, Kankali temple, Cheemkyadevi temple, Daraibota Lake,
Shivalaya, Buddha Gumba etc. The cultural home-stays of Tharu ethnic groups has
added beauty to the glory of the municipality. The majority of the people are
Brahmins, Chhetris, Tharu and Chaudhary and there are minorities which are Majhi,
Kami and Damai. Majority of the people are Hindu. Others are Buddhists, Christians,
and Muslims. Mostly people here speaks Nepali, followed by Tharu, Bhojpuri, Darai
and Tamang languages. Every wards of the municipality is rich in different social
organizations like Bal club, Yuwa club, AamaSamuha, Ethnic groups, farmer's group,
citizen awareness centers, working for the development of sports, agriculture,
children, youths, civil movements and so on.
b) Agro-tourism and Local Products: The municipality is prosperous on resources
like river products, community forests and conserved watershed areas. People here
grow Rice and wheat, Off/seasonable Vegetables, Banana, Maize and Mustard. The
main crops on irrigated land are rice and wheat, and on un-irrigated land, maize and
other cereals, mustard, banana and so on both food crops and cash crops are
cultivated. Fish farming is also growing due to increasing demand in Chitwan district
and other parts of country. Besides the local entrepreneurs are engaged in furniture
mills, chiura mills, oil mill, hatcheries, milk dairies, poultry, fish farm etc., which
have consumed and promoted the local raw materials and generate local employment
opportunities.
c) Ecology, Flora and Fauna: The majority of total land area here is covered by
Cultivation area (i.e. 74.23%) and 23.11% by Forest. This municipality endowed with
many streams and running water bodies. VyakurKhola, LaxmiKhola, ChandaKhola,
PamphaKhola, BudhiRaptiKhola, ChatriKhola, ChisapaniKhola, UmrahaKhola,
DhungaKhola, etc. There are more than a dozen of community forests here with tree
species like Sal, Karma, Ghagro, Khimuna,Sisau, Khayar, Jamuna, Simal,orchid
species, Herbal Plants etc. There are different wildlife species like;Chital, Dhumshi,
Forest Cock, Monkey, Peacock, Leopard, Tiger, Rabbit, Boar, Deer, Monkey, Rhino
etc.
d) Public Service Delivery and Economy:The main market areas of the municipality
include Malpani, Kumroj, FulbariTole, JanachetanaTole, Kapiya, Bairiya, Gauwala,
Bairiya and Harnar. More than 90% people in this municipality are literate. There are
45 educational institutions here. People are getting health services from different
clinics, health posts, medical halls, pharmacies and so on. Agriculture is the major
source of livelihood here followed by foreign employment. People are also engaged in
livestock farming like cow, pig, bee, buffalo, poultry, fish, which have supported the
micro economy. Khairahani has different kinds of financial organizations, which
mainly include saving groups, co-operatives, Dairy Firms, remittance exchange firms,
and banks of different categories
6.7.2 Conservation of Both Material and Non-Material Cultures

To develop Khairahani municipality as a medium-scale tourist destination in the district, it
should respect and conserve both material and non-material cultural assets. It has to be done
with collaboration of district master plan.
Table 44: Components of Tourism of Khairahani Municipality
Components Categories
Accessibilities -Availability of air and road transportation
-Trekking routes located in Churia (Siwalik) range to Mahabharat
range
Accommodations -Small hotel, restaurant and tea stall in few numbers
Attractions -Greenery forest land, agriculture and pasture land
-Hill side, river streams, ponds, typical royal palaces, temples, church,
caves, water fall and old care center
-Hinduism and diverse ethnic cultural norms and values
Amenities -Traditional musical instruments Panche Baja and Bhajan Samuha (A
group of people singing a religious song with traditional musical
instruments)
-Religious and cultural feasts and festivals as well as trade fares
Activities -Cultural home-stays of Tharu ethnic groups, organic local food,
sightseeing, trekking and hiking
-Commercial vegetable, fruits, bee honey, fish and dairy products
Actors -Youth club, fathers group, mothers group, cultural groups, saving
groups, government and non-government organizations
Affinities -Mutual understanding among villagers belong to all the religious
groups
Advertisements -Descriptive information through maps and magazines
-Hosts request guests to visit again in the villages
-Networking with tour and travel agents
For the conservation of material and non-material cultures, following policy options are
presented below:
 Integrated and facilitative infrastructure development in already available and newly
explored touristic sites.
 Developing and differentiating the tourism sector and attracting foreign investors as well
as Non Residential Nepali.
 Developing local level tourism development and management committee for planning,
implementing and monitoring tourism related projects providing tourism services.
 Making arrangement for Tourist Police to advise and assist tourists in safety and security
during traveling, trekking, and other adventurous sports and night staying.
 Promotion of sustainable livelihood program linking with tourism by commercialization
of rural products and providing training to them as of such.
 Proper marketing of the tourism related services in national and international tourism
market.
 Establishment of cultural museum, fun parks, view towers and learning resource centers.
 Establishment of research cell for the conservation, culture and tourism development in
the Municipality.
Table 45: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Tourism Development
Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Tourism Development

Goals  Develop tourism sector for economic progress and creating
employment opportunities
 Promote sustainable growth through the conservation of natural
and cultural resources
Objectives  To coordinate with public, private, cooperative and community

sector to promote and develop tourism.
 To develop easy accessibility/connectivity with nearby touristic
destination.
 To offer the training regarding homestay for hospitality and other
tourism related activities.
 To provide good facility for resorts, hotels, paying guest houses,
homestays and other sorts of accommodations.
 To offer economic benefits to the local people through tourism
entrepreneurship.
Means of Reports from Ministry of culture, tourism and civil aviation (MoCTCA),
verification Municipality Report
Assumptio  Budget allocation

n
 Availability and identification of touristic spot
Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Tourism Development

1 Programs for the increase in tourism in the city
1.1 Maintenance of Cheemkya Devi Increase in number of tourist
Temple, Kankali Temple and
Bharmathan Temple for
developing as religious touristic
site
1.2 Advancing the facilities at home Promotion of local culture and
stays at ward numbers 7, 8, 10 and increase in tourism activities
12
1.3 Organizing hospitality Standard development of the city for
management, handicraft making tourism
and awareness raising on natural
and cultural conservation trainings
to the local people
1.4 Preparing the visual documentary Increased tourist flow through
of the touristic sites and uploading cultural tourism
it in websites and social sites
2 Identification of hiking trails, touristic spots and adventurous sports
in tourism
2.1 Offering jungle safari activities at Conservation of the natural
Kankali community forest, resources and earning revenue
Devithan community forest,
Jabisavari community
forest,Kumrosemadhya community
forest, Sulalibudhauli community
forest and Kutakoti public forest
(Green Park)
2.2 Developing sports stadium at ward Promotion of the city by increasing
no 05, to promote the sports sports activities
tourism
2.3 Offering Rapti river boating and Conservation of wild life species and
crocodile viewing activities and earning revenue through tourism
conserving Dharaibotya Lake
6.8 Financial Development Plan

The formulation of Financial Development Plan enables and guides in the identification and
mobilization of resources required during the period for Khairahani Municipality. The
following things/ subjects will be considered while formulation the financial plan.
 Analysis and projection of the municipality income and expenditure, revenue
improvement action plan,
 Financial analysis and assessment of possible financial resources for the
implementation of IUDP in each municipality.
 Allocation of development budget (for coming five years), cost sharing among sectoral
agencies, and expenditure management action plan
 Promotional strategy of private sector and civil society (PPP)

 Financial and economic analysis of proposed prioritized projects
6.8.1 Municipality Revenue Improvement Plan(MRIP)

MRIP is a tool for designing and mobilizing financial resources linked with the city
development strategy (Mahat, 2010). I t will help to improve local revenues, ease debt
servicing obligations and leverage the borrowing capacity of municipalities for project
financing. The MRIP should incorporate strategies and action plans for implementing taxes,
fees and other alternative avenues for accessing municipal revenue sources.
There are various of the ways to improve revenue performance. Some of the action that
should be taken by local authorities in order to improve the revenue mobilization of
Khairahani Municipality are:
1. Identifying potential taxpayers and other areas of tax sources such as fees, service tax
on tourism, rental fees, parking fees, octroi duty etc. in order to increase the tax bases.
2. Improving administrative efficiency to reduce collection cost of taxes.
3. Progressive tax system to reduce revenue leakage and making taxpayer tax compliant
4. Efforts to enforce a strict and heavy penalty for non-compliance
5. Strick action and penalty against the defaulters or tax evaders should be the part of tax
administration.
6. Building local infrastructures on PPP (Public Private Partnership) and thereby
promoting to generate more income and employment so that tax base of local
government increases.
7. E- Taxation for increasing tax transparency and avoidance of tax evasion as possible.
8. The debt management strategy should ensure that local governments can maintain a
prudent and sustainable capital investment and financing plan to manage its level of
debt at appropriate levels.
9. Transforming the TDF into a Strong Financial Intermediary to finance long term loans
for infrastructure needs of the municipality.
6.8.2 Assessment of Possible Financial Resources

Financial resources provide energy for the smooth operation of local government institution
and stimulate their activities. In fact, financial resource is critical base without which even the
viability existence of the LGs would be questionable. Therefore, it important to identify
possible financial resources of the Khairahani municipality.
The local governments in Nepal have a weak revenue base relative to their expenditure
responsibilities. There are three major categories of revenue sources of the local government
(a) four types of grants to be provided from the federal government comprising fiscal
equalization, conditional, special, and complementary
(b) internally generated revenue
(c) revenue sharing obtained from VAT, in country excise duty, and royalty obtained from
the natural resources.
Schedule 8 of the Constitution of Nepal elaborates the sole jurisdiction, powers and functions
of the local government. As per this Schedule, the local government are assigned to collect
wealth tax, house rent tax, land and building registration fee, motor vehicle tax, service
charge, tourism fee, advertisement tax, business tax, land tax (land revenue), penalty, and
entertainment tax. Similarly, the Schedule has also provided 21 expenditure responsibilities
of the local government.
Schedule 9 outlines the concurrent jurisdictions/powers of all three levels of government

comprising federal, provincial and local. As per this Schedule; service fee, charge, penalty
and royalty from natural resources, and tourism fee are assigned to be collected by all three
levels of government concurrently. Similarly, the Schedule has also provided 14 concurrent
expenditure responsibilities.
6.8.3 Allocation of Development Budget

The table below shows the coming five years’ sectorial budget allocation of Khairahani
municipality estimated in thousand rupees. The sectorial allocation overhead mainly
comprises expenditure on Infrastructure, Agriculture, Social Development, Environment and
Disaster Risk Reduction and other expenditures. The data presented below are in rupees
thousand figures.
Table 46: Five year Sectoral Plan of Khairahani Municipality
Five Year Sectorial

Allocation of Budget in FY FY FY FY FY FY
(Rs 000) 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Infrastructure 63600 64872 66169 67493 68843 70220
Agriculture 12000 12240 12485 12734 12989 13249
39696.0
Social Development 4 40490 41300 42126 42968 43828
Environment and DRR 1500 1530 1561 1592 1624 1656
Others (Sports, Trade, 214240.
Tourism, Cooperatives 5
Governance etc.) 218525 222896 227354 231901 236539
Total 331037 337657 344410 351299 358325 365491
Infrastructure:
It is estimated that the total budget allocation for Infrastructure sector in FY2018/19 is Rs.
63600.Similarly the projected expenditure required for infrastructure in FY 2019/20, FY
2020/21, FY 2021/22, FY 2022/23 and FY 2023/24 will be Rs. 64872, Rs.66169, Rs.67493,
Rs.68843 and Rs.70220 respectively.
Agriculture:
It is estimated that the total budget allocation for agriculture sector in FY2018/19 is Rs.
12000. Similarly, the projected expenditure required for agriculture in FY 2019/20,
FY2020/21, FY 2021/22, FY 2022/23 and FY 2023/24 will be Rs. 12240, Rs.12485 ,
Rs.12734, Rs 12989 and Rs.13249 respectively.
Social Development (Health, Education, Drinking Water)

It is estimated that the total budget allocation for social development sector in FY2018/19 is
Rs 39696.Similarly the projected expenditure required for social development in FY 2019/20,
FY2020/21, FY 2021/22, FY 2022/23 and FY 2023/24 will be Rs. 40490, Rs.41300,
Rs.42126, Rs.42968 and Rs. 43828 respectively.
Environment and Disaster Risk Reduction:

It is estimated that the total budget allocation for Environment and Disaster Risk Reduction
sector in FY2018/19 is Rs. 1500. Similarly the projected expenditure required for
Environment and Disaster Risk Reduction in FY 2019/20, FY2020/21, FY 2021/22, FY
2022/23 and FY 2023/24 will be Rs. 1530, Rs.1561, Rs.1592, Rs1624 and Rs.1656
respectively.
Other Sector (Sports, Trade, Tourism, Cooperatives Governance etc.):

It is estimated that the total budget allocation for other sector (Sports, Trade, Tourism,
Cooperatives Governance etc.) in FY2018/19 is Rs. 214240.5. Similarly, the projected
expenditure required for other overhead in FY 2019/20, FY2020/21, FY 2021/22, FY
2022/23 and FY 2023/24 will be Rs. 218525, Rs.222896, Rs.227354, Rs.231901 and Rs.
236539 respectively.
6.8.4 Promotional Strategy for Private Sector and Civil Society

Civil society and private leadership tend to be micro in governance and development
approach focusing on implementation and acting as interlocutors of the people at community
levels. Their proximity to communities makes them excellent animators, good at the
identification of local needs and solutions. Therefore, there is need to promote the private and
civil society by following ways:
 Developing honest partnerships with local governments. In order to increase
transparency in each and every aspects of local government
 Engaging Private Sector and Civil Society in policy development, identification of
issues and acting as opinion makers as they are good at identifying local needs and
solutions.
 Engaging local government in local analysis, planning and implementation of
governance and development projects and programme, and sharing comparative
advantages of private and civil society in leadership, resources and capacities.
 Building social capital by mobilizing citizen’s full participation in determining local
priorities and
 Capacity development through human resource development, other resources and
institutional capacitation in most of the basic social services areas, such as education,
health, water etc.
6.8.5 Economic and Financial Analysis

The major crops in Khairahani municipality comprises of paddy, wheat, maize, millet,
sesame, mustard for livelihood and gram, red lentils, lemon, cauliflower, cabbage, daikon,
potato, ginger, turmeric, lemon, pear for livelihood as well as commercial use. Organic
farming is practiced for ginger, turmeric, lemon, pear, banana, amilo and other fruits, etc. In
this municipality, Prime Minister Agricultural Fund has also been allocated. Both organic and
inorganic vegetables are cultivated in different seasons. The development of market can
provide aid in the commercialization of agricultural products, which can help the agricultural
products to identify its place, major agricultural products and pocket areas inside and outside
the municipality.
Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce labor and
commodities such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool. Khairahani municipality has
been serving as the market center for nearby settlements and nearby rural municipalities.
With the advantage of highway Linkage, it has got tremendous opportunity to serve as the
commercial town where it can serve as the supply center for nearby settlements and RMs.
Khairani Municipality lies in Chitwan District in Narayani Zone in Province no.3 of Nepal.
Being a part of Chitwan District, a major tourist destination, the municipality has the
possibility of increasing its tourist by promoting the sites here. Ripple effect of touristic
economy in terms of hospitality and knowledge based economic gain can be seen the place.
The roads of Khairani are graveled and pitched and earthen but in ward no.6 there are mixed
types of road which clarifies that import and export of the industries is not a problem. Being
neighbor with Kalika municipality, a proposed industrial area, will be of a great boon for the
municipality for importing cheaper goods as well as employment opportunities. Availability
of electricity and telecommunication sector will further aid in this sector. Linkage to big
cities like Kathmandu, Pokhara, Narayangadh, Bharatpur, Tulsi will be good for the
enterprises. Presence of different cooperatives and organizations makes it easy for the capital
arrangement for enterprises.
The projected revenue and expenditure of Khairahani municipality suggests that there will
always be always fiscal deficit for next 15 years as per the projection. Khairahani
municipality requires that each year’s budget be balanced. Balancing the budgets will require
a combination of expenditure reduction and/or increment in revenues.

If there’s no modern form of rearing, the livestock products may be expensive and the market
is bound to be filled with higher priced products from the other side of the border or even
from the other municipalities of Nepal
 Pollution from urbanization, solid waste refusals and climate change are slowly
deteriorating the municipality. It will be challenging for the municipality to attract
people enough to choose it over any other place related to Chitwan National Park and
Shauraha. Unmanaged solid waste is the biggest challenge to the municipality and its
domestic and foreign tourists.
 With only semi-skilled and unskilled population being the majority of working
population, the municipality may have a problem with proper running of the various
large scale industries. Open Boarder will make it challenging for the domestic market
to sustain it sale and black marketing of products may result in shutting down of
industries as well.
 lack of modern technologies and skilled manpower are considered as major
challenges for agriculture in this municipality. Unplanned plotting of agricultural land
and growing trend of urbanization is a big challenge for sustainable development
 The projected revenue and expenditure of Khairahani municipality suggests that there
will always be always fiscal deficit for next 15 years as per the projection. Therefore,
there is a need to increase the tax base so that the budget gets balanced.
Table 47: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Financial Plan
Descriptions Indicators of Achievement Means of Verifications Assumptions

 To develop the financial framework of  Efficient and Effective tax  Annual Budget and  Maintaining fiscal
the municipality to address the structure financial statement of discipline
financial sustainability  Wider the tax base municipality/municipality  Role of federal
government and
Goals provisional government to
design such financial
framework which enhance
the fiscal health of the
municipality
 To reduce the fiscal gap  Improved internal tax and  Annual Budget and  Good governance,
 To increase the amount of internal non-tax revenue. financial statement of effective implementation
revenue from tax and non- tax  Investment climate-oriented municipality/municipality of taxation.
revenue. tax rate  Support from central
 Participation of all stakeholders in  Identifying potential government
Objec financial planning taxpayers and other areas of  Experts involvement in
tives tax sources. tax reforms and support
 Innovative tax collection from local and national
system so as to make government
equitable participation in  Good governance, strong
taxation. institutional capacity
 Participatory taxation
Outp  Introducing modern/scientific land and  Integration of larger property  Reports from TDC/  Good governance,
ut property taxation under value-based taxation municipality, budget effective implementation
 Increase scope of taxation of local  Increase in tax collection spent on infrastructure of taxation,
government  Discouraging the polluting (DUDBC / MoFAGA),  support from central
 Collection of impact free from industries TAX and land revenue, government, expert’s team
polluting industries  Efficient and effective land reforms and survey in integrating innovative
Descriptions Indicators of Achievement Means of Verifications Assumptions

 Provision of E- Taxation financing department, report from taxation in city
 Effective monitoring and  Effective collection of FNCCI, NGOs working development, strong
implementation of financial plan to taxation in the economic / institutional capacity
meet target  Increase in investment and financial sector, PRA,
 Private sector friendly financing model business FGD, HH survey
Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Financial Plan
 E- Taxation for increasing transparency

 Implementation of combined property tax
 GIS mapping within the city
 Provision of Impact free (Pollution Tax)
 Increasing Integrated Property tax base
Activities  Borrowing, grants and funds for different stakeholders
 Provision of tax relief/exemptions to promote investment
 Extending territory of local taxation
 Effective tax administration.
6.9 Environment Management Plan
6.9.1 Present Status

Khairahani’s natural resources and the forest resource has been depleting continuously. Major
portion of the municipality is covered with highly population density so there is significant
risk of fire. This has created a dynamically unstable vicious circle amongst population,
poverty and environmental resource degradation. Similarly, the municipality has challenge in
disposal of household, industrial and hospital waste. There is no landfill site and septic tank
system. There is no compost system in the municipality. Solid waste management and open
drainage system are the main sanitation problem of this area which might be causative agent
for the water borne diseases.
I. Environment Sensitivity Areas
Environmentally sensitive area analysis was done through GIS using flood, landslide and
drought data of the municipality. Environmentally sensitive areas are the areas that are
susceptible to all kinds of natural hazards including flood, landslide and drought, and thus are
very fragile in nature. However, in the GIS spatial analysis no environmentally sensitive
areas were identified in Khairahani.
II. Potential Air Pollution Areas
In Khairahani municipality, potential air pollution was mapped out form different criteria that
are responsible for pollution. Data such as population density, temperature, wind and drought
were spatially analyzed in GIS to identify the areas having potential air pollution. At present
ward no. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 seems to have potential air pollution sites, but rapid
urbanization may increase the air pollution in the municipality in the near future. To prevent
the air pollution, it is important to make the local people of those wards aware about the
concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Also it is necessary to motivate them to carry-out
plantation in collaboration with relevant stakeholders.

Land Resources
The majority of total land area in Khairahani is covered by agricultural cultivation (i.e.69.514
%). 21.019% of land is occupied by forest, 2.193% by barren land and remaining 2.253% by
Built up respectively. The land use of Khairahani is changed according to the change in the
settlement pattern. Khairahani is one of the rapidly urbanizing cities in Nepal for now,
scarcity of land and increase in landlessness, unplanned construction of residential houses,
shops, markets and roads affecting agricultural land (loss of agricultural land), decreasing
fertility of soil due to absence of organic manure, top soil erosion and hardening of soil,
decrease in water retention capacity of soil are seen as main concerns.
Housing and Urbanization

Urban development in case of this municipality is characterized through unplanned urban
growth and urban expansion in the hinterlands stimulated by urban sprawl. Its urbanization is
imbalanced and yet to be recognized as engines of economic growth and suffer with demands
of basic infrastructural services. Some other specific major problems found in this
municipality are loss of agricultural land due to urban expansion, lack of enforcement of
zoning in the urban areas, weak local government institutions who handle urban problems,
inadequate and unplanned road and migration of rural people to urban area at an increasing
rate.
Waste Management
Major techniques of waste management applied in Kharahani Municipality are dumping,
burning, recycling and decompose methods. But dumping of waste in private property, lack
of sufficient dumping site, irregularity of vehicle to collect waste, lack of landfill and less
consciousness of people are the challenges and threats of this municipality.
Agricultural Practices
Most of the households in the wards are involved in agriculture. For most household,
agriculture is the primary livelihood activity. Irrigation is a primary source for the agriculture
to promote its productivity and commercialization. It is however partly developed in
Khairahani municipality of Chitwan. Thus commercialization of agriculture is necessary to
uplift the living standard of the local people. Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are
common which are further degrading the quality of soil as well as water resources of the area.
Promotion of precision farming and programs such as model farmer is essential to develop the
agriculture and conserve the environment from negative impacts of improper farming
practices.
Water Resources
This municipality endowed with many streams and running water bodies. Vyakur Khola,
Laxmi Khola, Chanda Khola, Pampha Khola, Budhi Rapti Khola, Chatri Khola, Chisapani
Khola, Umraha Khola, Dhunga Khola, etc. are the major streams flowing in the municipality.
Besides there are many rivulets flowing in the area. Drinking water supply and poor
sanitation is the main environmental issue in the municipality. There are different sources of
drinking water in Khairahani municipality but tap or pipe water is the main source of
drinking water, however no water purification methods are in practiced in the municipality.
There is 100% pipe water supply in ward no 11, 12 and 13. However, most of the people use
tap water for drinking purpose. Use of unpurified water is the main causative agents for water
borne diseases in the municipality.
Natural Resources and Biodiversity

The municipality is rich in natural resources but, the rangelands present along the riverside
are suffering from an enormous grazing pressure, and wetland biodiversity is threatened by
encroachment of wetland habitat, unsustainable harvesting of wetland resources, industrial
pollution, agricultural runoff, introduction of exotic and invasive species into wetland
ecosystems and siltation. In higher altitude, biodiversity is suffering due to ecological
fragility and instability of environment, deforestation and poor management of natural
resources, inappropriate farming practices and climate change. Forest loss has contributed to
floods, soil erosion and stagnant agricultural output in many area of the municipality.
Education and Awareness
There are primary, secondary, higher secondary schools, Bachelor level College in the
municipality. Also, there are also some centers that provide trainings and skill development
programs, but in rural parts of the municipality the environmental awareness is low which
does much to exacerbate the process of environmental degradation.
Transport and Communication

Roads of Khairahani are black topped, graveled and earthen. Most of the roads in the
municipality are earthen and graveled roads, also there is equal to no facility of drain at the
side of road in the municipality. Due to these reasons the vehicular transportation becomes
very difficult during the monsoon, and air pollution is common issue in the municipality.
Regarding the type of vehicles, all the wards in the municipality have diesel/ petrol based
vehicles mostly off road vehicles like tractors, private vehicles, trucks and local transport
vehicles and private and no wards have electric vehicles and other types of vehicles in the
municipality.
6.9.3 Strategy of Environmental Management Plan

1 Explore the feasibility of alternative energy technologies in the municipality.
2 Periodic monitoring of urban sprawl and natural resources.
3 Promotion to reduce general waste and emphasis on recycling and reusing.
4 Promotion of environment friendly materials to use in households and in commercial
purpose.
5 Provision of treatment of waste-water/ waste product from industries or hospitals.
6 Preservation of agriculture land and clear delineation of conservation zone for natural
resources.
7 Plantation on bare lands

8 Identification of green pockets within the different areas of town.
Table 48: Logical framework Approach (LFA) of Environmental Management Plan

achievement verifications
 To build green and  Eco friendly  Reports from  Approval and

healthy city and sustainable Department of implementati
development Environment, on of IUDP
Goals
Department of budget
Forests, City allocation
Profile
 Achieve sustainable  Sustainable use  Reports from  Approval and

land use of natural Department of implementati
management resources Environment, on of IUDP
 Reduce  High reduction Department of  Availability
environmental on carbon Forests, City of
degradation emission Profile, alternatives
 Watershed  Reduction in Department of
Hydrology Implementatio
conservation land use issues
and n of land use
 urban planning  Preserved
Objectives
according to the water bodies, Meteorology, plan
prepared land use forest and DCC/municip  Maintenance
plan agricultural al office, DoR of open
 To raise awareness land and I/NGOs spaces
about environmental  Sensitized local
issues and excessive people and
use of chemicals on administration
farmland

 Healthy and clean  Sewerage and  Reports from  Maintenance

environment garbage Department of and care of
 Better provision and disposal Environment, plants
facility for disposal management Department of  Public
of sewerage and  Systematic Forests, City preference
garbage treatment collection of Profile,  Surveillance
 Suitable site for waste Department of by concerned
landfill  Less pollutants Hydrology authority
 Better roadside in the and  Availability
Output drainage system environment Meteorology, of space
 Protected and well  Reduced DCC/municip
managed watersheds urbanization al office, DoR
 Planned urban areas related and I/NGOs,
 Aware local people problems PRA, FGD,
about excessive use  Promotion of Household
of chemical farm yard survey
fertilizers and manure and
pesticides compost
fertilizer
Logical framework Approach (LFA) of Environmental Management Plan
 Implementation of appropriate zoning laws after land use analysis

 Use various bio-engineering measures in areas affected by flood and
erosion.
 Awareness raising programs in every ward
Activities
 Promotion of eco-friendly ways to waste management
 Plantation along the road sides, bare land and urban areas
 Conservation of water resources and forests
 Controlling chemical fertilizers and improving waste management
6.10 Disaster Management Plan

Disaster planning is an exploratory process that should use carefully constructed scenarios to
anticipate the needs that will be generated by foreseeable hazards when they strike. Plans for
specific sectors, such as education, health, industry, and commerce need to exist in a nested
hierarchy that extends from the local emergency response (the most fundamental level),
through the regional tiers of government, to the national and international levels.
Disaster Management Plan are needed, not only for responding to the impacts of disaster, but
also to maintain the continuity of livelihood of people while managing the crisis, and to guide
recovery and reconstruction effectively. Dealing with disaster in Nepal requires public
support for planning initiatives and participation by a wide variety of responders, technical
experts and citizens. It needs to be sustainable in the light of challenges posed by non-
renewable resource utilization, climate change, population growth, and imbalances of wealth.

This municipality environment has suffered the effects of agricultural encroachment,
deforestation and consequent soil erosion and contamination of the water supply. The factors
for the loss of agro biodiversity include landslide and soil erosion, pollution, fire,
overgrazing, illegal trade, hunting and smuggling.

Landslide Risk
Landslide and erosion which are the common problems associated with rivers and are natural
drivers of changing landscape in some part of the municipality. Fragile and unstable
topography is the causative factor for landslide, also during Monsoon the level of water and
current increases and the river cuts the bank causing mass wasting.
Landslide risk analysis was done through GIS by analyzing various driving factors of
landslide, various data including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI),
Precipitation data, Slope and elevation data were used to carry-out geo-spatial analysis to
identify the areas prone to landslide. No landslide prone areas were detected during GIS
analysis in Khairahani.
Flood Risk
The settlement areas located near to the river bank are more prone to flooding and river
cutting. Million tons of soil nutrients are lost annually from agricultural land as a result of
soil erosion and flooding. This has affected large number of households. Flood risk analysis
was done through GIS by analyzing various driving factors of flood, various data including
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), stream order, Slope and elevation data
were used to carry-out geo-spatial analysis to identify the areas prone to flood.
The total area susceptible to flood in the municipality is 2397.6 Ha, out of which 50.4 Ha of
land is found highly susceptible to flood, while remaining 2347.2 Ha of area in the
municipality has low susceptibility towards flood. All the wards are susceptible to flood.
Fire Risk
Khairahani Municipality consists of both communities managed as well as government
managed forests and thus the risk of forest fire as well. Other common uses of fire by farmers
include burning crop residue and converting forest to agricultural land. Because fire removes
the organic matter and provides an ash bed, which facilitates the growth of grasses, local
people set fire to gather ash, which is locally used as manure. The risk of fire is mainly likely
to outbreak during the windy and the dry season e.g. Chaitra & Baisakh. The lack of
equipment and skilled human resources such as trained fire fighters pose serious challenges
in the municipality.
Other Risk
Loss of cultivated land, grass/grazing and forest land due to river encroachment is a common
problem, while in some parts abandoned by channels or old riverbeds have been brought into
cultivation or reused as grazing areas or used for tree plantations in hazard areas. The river
morphology is unpredictable i.e. increase bank cutting, bifurcation and flooding which one is
common problem and reoccur every year. Regarding this, sand extraction is also common in
some rivers for household purpose causing huge impact on riverine environment such as
destruction of aquatic habitat, flooding, change in river morphology etc. There is
deforestation and habitat degradation in all wards due to construction of rural roads. The big
settlement areas are located near to forest area causing further degradation of forest.
Another major problem in the municipality is drought. Drought is a natural phenomenon that
has drastic implications on human lives, food insecurity and natural resources degradation.
Due to drought peoples are suffering from water shortages affecting agriculture, with social
consequences such as famine, hunger, and migration. Drought risk analysis was done through
GIS by analyzing various driving factors of drought; data including Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) were used to
carry-out geo-spatial analysis to identify the areas prone to drought. In Khairahani
municipality, 926.18 Ha of total area has low risk of drought and all the wards are susceptible
to drought. Wards no 2, 3 and 9 seem to contain larger areas susceptible to drought.
6.10.3 Adaptation Strategy for Disaster Management

 Preparation of Risk Sensitive Land Use Plan (RSLUP) and strict implementation.
 Construction in line with by-laws and use of conservation measures.
 Enhance human resource and institutional capacity of local government by regular
training and safety drills.
 Participatory approach in community level and local level for disaster risk
management program.
 Regular awareness campaign regarding pre-disaster and post-disaster events.
 Identification of high-risk areas with hazard mapping and resettlement of such, if
necessary.
 Identification and delineation of disaster evacuation zone.
Table 49: Logical framework Approach (LFA) of Disaster Risk Management Plan
Indicators of Means of
Goals
 Safe, secured and  Safe building  Report from MoUD,  Approval and
resilient urban construction MoHA, DWIDP implementation
people and areas practices (Water induced of IUDP
 Emergency disaster), Daibi  Effectiveness of
response team Prakop Uddar local
and evacuation Samiti, District government and
zones within Administration active
the reach of Office, Department community
community of Soil Conservation participation
(DoSC), Department
of Hydrology and
Meteorology
(DoHM) and Reports
of I/NGOs
 Participatory
 Evidence based
approach of
 Report from MoUD, planning with
Focus on reducing disaster risk
MoHA, DWIDP information
loss caused by reduction and
(Water induced regarding
flood, river cutting mitigation plan
disaster), Daibi disaster history
and drought  Local people
Prakop Uddar and possibilities
Prepare well educated
Samiti, District  Availability of
communities about dealing
Administration skilled
Objectives against disasters with disasters
Office, Department manpower to
through capacity  Open spaces of Soil Conservation train others
building and and disaster (DoSC), Department  Availability of
awareness evacuation of Hydrology and evacuation
Establish disaster zones within Meteorology areas, safe
resilient the (DoHM) and Reports shelters and
infrastructure neighbourhood of I/NGOs water source for
fire station
 Safe
infrastructure
and ultimately
reduced loss of
Conservation  Budget
property
structures  Report from MoUD, allocation and
 Prepared
including bio MoHA, DWIDP project
hazard maps
engineering (Water induced prioritizations
and use in land
measures used in disaster), Daibi  Effectiveness of
use plans
disaster risk areas Prakop Uddar local
 Implementation
Plan of action to Samiti, District government
of RSLUP
cope with flood, Administration  Community
 Reduced loss
Output river cutting and Office, Department involvement
due to disasters
drought. of Soil Conservation and local
Identified open  100% easy and (DoSC), Department government
spaces and disaster timely access of Hydrology and  Willingness and
to designated Meteorology
evacuation zones participation of
in each emergency area (DoHM) and Reports public
in case of of I/NGOs, PRA,
neighbourhoods
disaster
Safe building code FGD, HH survey
 Effective
implementation
integration of
byelaws in
building
practices
 Enforcement of EIA and IEE

Activities  Watershed management plans and their implementation to ensure the health of
water sources
 Establishment of conservation measures like jute netting, levees, gabion walls,
retaining walls, breast walls to control flood, river cutting, other forms of erosion
and flood
 Afforestation in the bare lands
 Preparation of plan of action in case of disaster emergencies
 Establish mechanism of EWS (Early Warning System) in major hazards
6.11 Climate Change Adaptation Plan

Climate change adaptation at present scenario, can be justifiably declared as the most vital
plan to be included in development of any community, city or country. It affects our
community as a whole and our response must therefore be across—and with—the
community. The best response against climate change can be adaptation. Our climate is
already changing and we must adapt to these unavoidable changes if we are to thrive as a
sustainable community.
The purpose of the Adaptation Strategy is to help our community, our municipality and the
natural environment adapt to climate change and become more resilient to the projected
impacts by: » communicating the risks and impacts of climate change to our region (how
climate change will affect us), incorporating climate change risk considerations and
adaptation actions in Government policies, programs and practices, encouraging actions by us
all to make changes in our daily lives that will increase resilience and foster emerging
opportunities.

Khairahani municipality is vulnerable to climate change impacts for a variety of
environmental, social, and economic reasons. The temperature of the area is increasing and in
addition, Khairahani experiences heavy monsoon brought up by climate change events,
which contribute to natural disasters such as flood and river cutting. Flood washes away the
fertile soil and leaves behind compact and soil low in mineral and organic material content.
Last but unfortunately not least, all the wards of Khairahani are susceptible to Drought.
Natural disasters such as those described are anticipated to increase in frequency and
intensity if not planned earlier.
These biophysical phenomena described are particularly influential due to the socioeconomic
and political context of the municipality. Lack of proper planning, resources and experts
makes Khairahani more vulnerable to impacts of climate change. In addition, majority of the
households in the municipality depend upon agriculture for their livelihood, which is very
sensitive to even the smallest ecological and physical changes in the environment brought by
climate change. Occurrence of drought is a major issue in the area which is reducing the
water table, as well as making the soil dry and more saline and also reducing the agricultural
production. Since no climate change management plans are being adopted at the moment in
the municipality, the situation will only get worse and people will not be able to live a healthy
life as long as the burning issue of climate change is addressed.
6.11.2 Issues and Problems of Disaster

Agriculture and food security
The productivity and the quality of agricultural products is decreasing due to the change in
precipitation, temperature, occurrence of drought, new plant diseases and pathogens etc.
Therefore, people have started to use chemical fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides in
excessive amount to enhance the productivity. Chemical fertilizers increase the productivity
in short term but do not increase the quality of soil in long term, also they have different
harmful effects on the soil organism and health of people who use or consume the products.
The chemicals are absorbed in the soil and are transported with rain water to various water
bodies in the watershed, also they are associated with other problems such as chemical burn
to crops, increased air pollution, acidification of the soil and mineral depletion of the soil,
salinization, acidification etc. Similarly, the credits of pesticides include enhanced economic
potential in terms of increased production of food and fiber, and amelioration of vector-borne
diseases, and then their debits have resulted in serious health implications to people and
environment. There is now overwhelming evidence that some of these chemicals do pose a
potential risk to humans and other life forms and unwanted side effects to the environment.
Forest and biodiversity
Forests and biodiversity are particularly more sensitive towards climate change. In general, it
is expected that habitats will shift towards the colder regions and move upwards in elevation
as the temperature rises. Wildlife will have to adapt to the changing climate and ecosystem,
and in such cases many vulnerable species will become extinct. Natural ecosystem maintains
and regulate the local climate and without forests and biodiversity there will be a greater
incidence of extreme climatic events, such as floods, landslides, temperature increment
droughts etc. These types of events will further affect forest plant and animal populations and
can leave forests more prone to disturbances such as fire and diseases. The impacts of climate
change have already been started in this municipality such as early flowering, unseasonal
raining, drought, heavy rainfall, introduction of invasive or alien species, new type of plant
pathogens etc. This situation eventually affecting to people living in rural and remote areas
where their livelihoods are highly dependent on forests and biodiversity for the ecosystem
services they provide.
Water resources
Climate change is a serious issue that needs to be addressed in time before it too late. The
municipality is rich in water resources, and water resources as the part of hydrological system
and aquatic ecosystem are very important in itself, also they are the source of drinking water
and energy. The consequences climate change including heavy and unnatural pattern of
rainfall in monsoon and prolonged drought in the winter are further causing many problems.
The water table is decreasing which in turn affects the quantity and quality of water in the
municipality. Problems like acid rain and salinization are common problems due to air
pollution and drought which also degrades the water resources. Impacts of climate change are
decreasing the productivity of agricultural lands, and farmers are forced to use a variety of
chemicals which also pollutes the water resources and creates health hazards. Proper
watershed management and security of existing water sources should be prime objective of
the municipality to adapt and minimize the impacts of climate change.
Human health
The socioeconomic costs of health problems caused by climate change are considerable. The
government is financially unable to provide required health services particularly in the rural
areas, but on the other hand effects of climate change are bringing new health issues with it.
Health problems which were previously not seen are effecting the area. Many of the common
health issues are largely related to the climatic situations of the area such as diarrhea, malaria
etc. These issues if not addressed properly can cause serious health problems in the near
future.
6.11.3 Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change Mitigation

 Increase use of green infrastructure where appropriate.
 Building requirements and design options to improve climate resilience.
 Develop floodplain development regulations and guidelines.
 Reformation of degraded lands
 Watershed prioritization, management and conservation
 Protection of forest and wetlands
 Identification and maintenance of green parks, if not, delineation of green pockets as
the lungs to the city.
 Promotion of electric or low carbon emission vehicles.
 Provision of environmental friendly building material in building construction.
 Climate responsive urban design
o Pervious Pavement (Pervious asphalt, Pervious concrete etc.)
o Urban forestry
o Bio-sale/ Vegetated sale
 Strong implementation of environment protection laws: especially regarding boring of
water, encroachment of urban open spaces, water bodies and others.
Table 50: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) Climate Change Adaptation Plan

Goals  Safe, secured and  Safe building  Report from MoUD,  Approval and
resilient urban construction MoHA, DWIDP implementation
people and areas practices (Water induced of IUDP
 Emergency disaster), Daibi  Effectiveness
response team Prakop Uddar of local
and evacuation Samiti, District government
zones within the Administration and active
reach of Office, Department community

community of Soil Conservation participation
(DoSC), Department
of Hydrology and
Meteorology
(DoHM) and
Reports of I/NGOs
Evaluate the risk  Participatory  Report from MoUD,  Evidence based

status in ever approach of MoHA, DWIDP planning with
ward and plan disaster risk (Water induced information
accordingly to reduction and disaster), Daibi regarding
cope with major mitigation plan Prakop Uddar disaster history
disasters like  Open spaces and Samiti, District and
flood and drought disaster Administration possibilities
caused due to evacuation zones Office, Department  Availability of
extreme climate within the of Soil Conservation skilled
Objectives Increase neighbourhood (DoSC), Department manpower to
preparedness and of Hydrology and train others
adaptive capacity Meteorology  Availability of
of the local (DoHM) and evacuation
government and Reports of I/NGOs areas, safe
community shelters and
Disaster responsive water source
urban design and for fire station
constructions
Detailed  Prepared hazard  Report from MoUD,  Budget
information on maps and use in MoHA, DWIDP allocation and
disasters land use plans (Water induced project
Plan of action to  Implementation disaster), Daibi prioritizations
cope with flood of RSLUP Prakop Uddar  Effectiveness
and drought.  Reduced loss due Samiti, District of local
Identified open to disasters Administration government
spaces and  100% easy and Office, Department  Community
Output disaster timely access to of Soil Conservation involvement
evacuation zones designated (DoSC), Department and local
in each emergency area of Hydrology and government
neighbourhoods in case of disaster Meteorology  Willingness
Safe building code  Effective (DoHM) and and
implementation integration of Reports of I/NGOs, participation of
byelaws in PRA, FGD, HH public
building practices survey
 Enforcement of EIA and IEE

 Watershed management plans and their implementation to ensure the health of water
sources
 Establishment of conservation measures like jute netting, levees, gabion walls,
Activities retaining walls, breast walls to control landslide, erosion and flood
 Afforestation in the bare lands
 Preparation of plan of action in case of disaster emergencies
 Establish mechanism of EWS (Early Warning System) in major hazards
6.12 Institutional Development Plan

Institutional development plan for Khairahani municipality has been prepared in order to
support and execute the IUDP in long run. The present status of the HR management shows
that Khairahani municipality has following sections in its service delivery:
 Administration section
 Account section
 Education
 Health section
 Infrastructure section
 Revenue section
The service delivery and good governance system in the municipality could be promoted
along with the increment of this number along with the widening of sectoral services and
workforces. It would thus contribute the proper execution of Local Government Operation
Act, 2017 in the changing context of federalism.
Table 51: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) for Institutional Development
Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Institutional Development
 Promote a diverse and heterogynous setting of the service delivery

Goals and development activities along with people’s ownership and
benefit sharing in the outcomes of development
 Hold awareness and strict follow-up of transparency,

accountability, right to information, and responsibility
 Promote sensitization and we-feeling of local heritage, resource,
skills, indigenous practices, appropriate technologies and
Objectives alternatives of development for the benefit of the local community
and its identity in the long-run
 Strengthen the organizational capacity and scientific human
resource and leadership development for the implementation
 Legislation and implementation of IUDP
Means of  Reports from Ministry of Federal Affairs and General
verification Administration (MoFAGA), Municipality Report
Assumption  IUDP as a municipal plan and availability of skilled HR
1 Putting in place a fair and effective % increase in tax/ revenue

property taxation system. collection
2 Action Plan for a New Local Increased implementation of

Governance System in the municipality IUDP and linkage to the
Provicnal government
3 Reduced rate of service delivery
Establishment and restructuring of delay
Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Institutional Development
service deliveries
4 Devolution of resources along with the % increased sectoral

authority performances
 Increased number of training

Increasing performance and capacity
and capability formation
5 building of the government employees
activities
with regular training and exchange of
 Increment in performed
knowledge within the department
services
6 Integrated service through single Formation of integrated service

window system center (City Center)
 Increased People’s
Separate authority for monitoring and
7 participation
evaluation of public services and
 Rate of project completion
projects
increased
Proposed Additional sections for IUDP (along with continuation of existing)
 GIS and database section

 Child and women welfare section
 Youth and sport section
 Indigenous knowledge and technology section
 Tourism development and hospitality section
 Research and development section
 Monitoring and evaluation section
 Social and cultural development section
 Land use and management section
 Agriculture development section
 Banking and co-operative section
 Human resource section
 Good governance and leadership section
 IUDP steering section
6.12.1 Issues and Challenges

 Current local governance legislation is prescriptive in nature. It is challenge how
to make it more participatory
 Lack of sufficient appointment of technical manpower and up-gradation of
existing infrastructure of services
 Special focus on education, health and social sector; Public hearing, participatory
planning, and platform of grassroots democracy
 Local government and leadership incepted since 2017 in the federal context
along with the issues of children, women, youth, elderly people and marginalized
communities/ groups
 Abundant of natural resources in the municipality to foster socio-economic
development of the municipality
 Institutional problems related to capacity building and offices infrastructures.
7 CHAPTER VII: MULTI SECTOR INVESTMENT PLAN (MSIP)
As we’ve already discussed in earlier sections of financial plan and economic development
plan, a city development of 15-year plan with ambition of one lakh population needs lots of
investment. With model of public private partnership modality of infrastructural Investment,
it is also expected to have investment of private sector in city infrastructure projects. Apart
from security and major strategic roads, in most of the sector we can expect the investment
from private sectors and from other donor agencies. We have to understand that this entire
budget should be funneled down through the single channel of local project implementation
body, which could be TDC or any other new autonomous body. For this projects are
identified under different sections, which could be new construction, upgrading existing
scenario or upgrading the existing quality or capacity. With some standard rate of similar
contemporary projects, under different headings, cost estimation is allocated. As we know
that these development plans have target period of 15 years, we’ve divide into 3 major
milestones, short term, midterm and long term projects. Depending upon the priority of the
project and possible budget required, different projects are put under different time frame.
Some longer term projects may fall under different time period and some of the projects are
continuous process throughout the development, like: training and updating the institutional
capacity.
Highest investment is done under health and physical infrastructures. Apart from the road,
health and education are the most prioritized sector under social development plan to increase
the dependency of the town within RM and between the cities. In yearly basis, budget will be
spent on training and awareness campaigns on various issues on longer term. It is also
important to consider that large amount of investment is under the recreation, where as that
will be spent on buying chunk of lands on urban areas, as the city is already grown or cost is
very high. Good investment is allocated on improving the institutional capacity of the
different service oriented institutions in the form of institutional development plan, financial
plan or in terms of security as well by making citizen friendly city.
Large investment is expected from private sectors as well, especially in the field of housing,
job opportunities, entertainments, recreations and others. Private sectors are obvious to focus
on profit oriented investment such as in industries, economic field along with some well-
known field like education and health. In the field of solid waste management, disaster risk
mitigation plan, environment conservation plan or in the field of climate change, non-
governmental organizations are expected to be in good part. Such national and international
organizations will help to improve the institutional capacity as well as promote the awareness
regarding the topic. Finally, it is expected that more participatory model of investment is
promoted which not only eases the investment burden of central government but also helps to
build the ownership among the resident of that city. Basic summary of the MSIP is shown
below:
Table 52: Major Projects of Line Agencies in the Municipality
Line Agencies (Water, Health, forest, irrigation etc.) Current Year’s Implementation Projects (Nrs. 000)
Source
S.N Programs and Activities Projected(RS.)
1 Physical Development
1.1 Building
1.1.1 Construction of red cross society building at ward 11 300,000.00
1.1.2 Maintenance of divya jyoti school building 280,500.00
1.1.3 Construction of bus stop in milan chowk 100,000.00
1.1.4 Maintenance of police office building at ward 13 100,000.00
Total 780,500.00
1.2 Road & Bridge
1.2.1 Gravelling different road at ward 8 700,000.00
1.2.2 Gravelling the road of ward 6 325,000.00
1.2.3 Construction of pitch road from sultana chowk to east 800,000.00
1.2.4 Construction of pitch road from mel chowk to gaucharan 700,000.00
1.2.5 Construction of bridge in tanahi river 400,000.00
Total 2,925,000.00
1.3 Drinking Water and Irrigation
1.3.1 irrigation & boring project at patihani tole ward 2 500,000.00
Total 500,000.00
Grand Total Physical Development Plan 4,205,500.00
2 Social Development
2.1 Education
2.1.1 Organizing child awareness program 100,000.00
2.1.2 Training for teachers at ward 13 100,000.00
Total 200,000.00
2.2 Health & Sports
2.2.1 Organizing mayor cup football program at ward 1 50,000.00
2.2.2 Awareness program about communicable disease 100,000.00
Line Agencies (Water, Health, forest, irrigation etc.) Current Year’s Implementation Projects (Nrs. 000)
Source
S.N Programs and Activities Projected(RS.)
2.2.3 Free health checkup camp 100,000.00
2.2.4 Sports development program at ward 8 50,000.00
2.2.5 Ward wise sports program 200,000.00
Total 500,000.00
Grand Total Social Development Plan 700,000.00
3 Economic Development
3.1 Skill development program for women in every ward 400,000.00
3.2 Skill development program for youth 150,000.00
3.3 Mushroom farming training 100,000.00
3.4 Self-employment training for youth 200,000.00
3.5 Animal husbandry training 100,000.00
Total Economic Development Plan 950,000.00
5 Culture and Tourism
5.1 Conservation of sultana damphu samuha 50,000.00
5.2 Homestay construction 300,000.00
Total Culture and Tourism Plan 350,000.00
6 Disaster Management
6.1 DRM management fund 105,500.00
Total Disaster Management Plan 105,500.00
Grand Total 6,311,000.00
Table 53: Multi-Sector Investment Plan (MSIP)
Summary
Multi Sectoral Investment Plan (MSIP) 15 Years
Anticipated Budget on Thematic Urban Development Program
S.N Description 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 (1 2023-2028 2028-2033
Existing Total
(1Year) (1 Year) (1 Year) (1Year) Year) (5 Years) (5 Years)
Physical 84.19% 13.37% 13.15% 12.75% 12.75% 12.61% 22.40% 12.98% 100.00%
1
Development Plan 29302.09 3916.25 3854.49 3736.49 3734.79 3694.29 6563.10 3802.67 29302.09
Social 6.57% 23.02% 18.05% 13.72% 12.33% 12.49% 11.83% 8.56% 100.00%
2
Economic 3.33% 22.75% 18.06% 12.31% 8.44% 7.90% 16.23% 14.32% 100.00%
3
Financial 0.07% 11.70% 13.63% 10.20% 9.13% 11.70% 16.45% 27.18% 100.00%
4
Conservation, 0.60% 8.09% 6.86% 6.38% 5.96% 7.72% 32.16% 32.83% 100.00%
Culture and
5
Tourism 208.40 16.85 14.30 13.31 12.42 16.09 67.02 68.42 208.40
Development plan
Institutional 0.51% 9.14% 9.17% 10.83% 10.86% 10.95% 28.38% 20.66% 100.00%
6
Environment 0.33% 7.84% 7.41% 7.40% 7.41% 7.41% 32.88% 30.53% 100.87%
7
Management Plan 114.70 7.98 8.50 8.49 8.50 8.50 37.71 35.02 114.70
Disaster Risk 1.50% 9.91% 11.90% 13.83% 15.72% 17.58% 24.19% 6.87% 100.00%
8
Management Plan 522.60 51.76 62.18 72.28 82.18 91.88 126.41 35.91 522.60
2.90% 6.66% 6.66% 6.66% 6.66% 6.66% 33.34% 33.34% 100.00%
Climatic Change
9
Adaptation Plan 1009.85 67.30 67.30 67.30 67.30 67.30 336.68 336.68 1009.85
100%
Total Budget 34804.40 4869.07 4648.32 4375.94 4306.34 4277.31 7643.95 4683.48 34804.40
Detail Budget of Multi Sectoral Investment Plan (MSIP) 15 Years ( NRs: Million)
Summarized Budget and responsible agencies
Central Province
SN Activities Total Cost Municipality I/NGO Community
Government Government
1 Physical Development Plan 29302.09 14651.04 7325.52 2930.21 2930.21 1465.10
1.1 Road 15536.00 7768.00 3884.00 1553.60 1553.60 776.80
1.2 Others 6427.00
1.3 Water Supply 1307.93 653.96 326.98 130.79 130.79 65.40
1.4 Drainage and Sanitation 5398.11 2699.06 1349.53 539.81 539.81 269.91
1.5 Solid Waste Management 613.01 306.50 153.25 61.30 61.30 30.65
1.6 Electrical and Communication 20.04 10.02 5.01 2.00 2.00 1.00
2 Social Development Plan 2285.30 1142.65 571.33 228.53 228.53 114.27
2.1 Education 560.05 280.03 140.01 56.01 84.01 0.00
2.2 Health 875.95 437.98 218.99 87.60 131.40 0.00
2.3 Security and Safety 551.30 275.65 137.83 55.13 82.70 0.00
2.4 Recreation 298.00 149.00 74.50 29.80 44.70 0.00
3 Economic Development Plan 1160.68 580.34 290.17 116.07 116.07 58.03
4 Financial Development Plan 23.30 11.65 5.83 2.33 2.33 1.17
5 Conservation, Culture and Tourism 208.40 104.20 52.10 20.84 31.26 0.00
6 Institutional Development Plan 177.48 88.74 44.37 17.75 26.62 0.00
7 Environment Development Plan 114.70 57.35 28.68 11.47 17.21 0.00
8 Disaster Risk Management Plan 522.60 261.30 130.65 52.26 78.39 0.00
9 Climatic Change Adaptation Plan 1009.85 504.93 252.46 100.99 151.48 0.00
Total 34781.10 17390.55 8695.27 3478.11 3579.76 1637.40
7.1 MSIP Program/Projects for Short Term
Detail Budget of Multi Sectoral Investment Plan (MSIP) 5 Years ( NRPS: Million)
2018-
Tot Time 2019-20 2020-21 2022-23
No Qt 19 2021-22
SN Activities Unit Rate al (Year (1 (1 (1 Total
s. y. (1Year (1Year)
Cost ) Year) Year) Year)
)
1.Physical Development Plan
1.1 Road And Bridge
Nu 100
1.1. 1.0
Construction of bridges mbe 1000 00.0 5 2000.0 1000
1 0
r 0.0 0 years 0 2000.00 2000.00 2000.00 2000.00 0.00
Construction of road
Nu
1.1. connecting Khairahani 1.0 100.
mbe
2 municipality and to all 1.0 0 100.0 00 100.0
r
nearby RMs 0 0 5years 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0
Construction of cycle Lum
1.1.
friendly road networks with psu 3.00
3
minimum width of 2 meter m 3.00 3years 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00
Construction of pedestrian
pathways on each local,
Lum
1.1. collector and sub-arterial 10.0
psu
4 road, width varying as per 0
m
requirement but not less than 5
2 meter on each side 10.00 years 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 10.00
101 2023.0 1011
Total 13 0 2023.00 2023.00 2022.00 2022.00 3.00
Others 0.00
Lum
1.1. Management of auto- tempo
psu 2.00 5
11 parking
m 2.00 years 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 2.00
construction of separate Lum
1.1.
parking area/building for psu 5.00
12
auto and tempo m 5.00 5years 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 5.00
2018-
Tot Time 2019-20 2020-21 2022-23
No Qt 19 2021-22
)
Nu
1.1. Construction of culverts in 1.0 10.0
mbe 10. 5
13 ward 9, 10, 11 and 12. 0 0
r 00 1.00 years 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 10.00
17.0
total 0 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 17.00
Tota

l 0.00
1.2 Water Supply
0.00
Nu 260.00 260.00 260.00 260.00 260.00
Drinking water facilities in 13. 130
1.2. mbe 1.0 100.0 5 1300.
each ward 00 0.00
1 r 0 0 years 00
Lab testing for water to Lum 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
1.2. determine quality of water psu 0.50 5
2 (arsenic and purification test) m years
Nu 0.02 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.98
Public taps installed along 13.
1.2. mbe 5.0 0.98 5
necessary junctions 00
3 r 0 years
1.2. Programs on public 1.0 5
0.05
4 awareness 0 0.50 years 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05
130 1301.
Total 1.53 260.31 260.31 260.31 260.31 260.31 53
1.3 Drainage and Sanitation
0.00
Nu 5.00 5years 20.00 15.00 10.00 15.00 5.00 65.00
1.3. Construction of drainage mbe 1.0 13. 65.0
1 r 0 00 0
Programs on public Lum 0.50 5years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
1.3. awareness through radio/TV psu
2 broadcasting/Publicity m
2018-
Tot Time 2019-20 2020-21 2022-23
No Qt 19 2021-22
)
Lum
Installation of storm water
1.3. psu
drain
3 m 4.00 4.00 5years 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 4.00
Promotion of organic Lum
treatment plant in psu
institutional level for m
1.3. drainage treatment- Reed
4 Bed Treatment Plant 3.00 3.00 5years 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 3.00
72.5
Total 0 21.50 16.50 11.50 16.50 6.50 72.50
1.4 Solid Waste Management
0.00
Nu
1.4. Solid waste collection points mbe 5.0 13.
1 r 0 00 0.02 1.30 5years 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 1.30
1.4. Construction of landfill site Sq. 1.0 0.1
2 in ward 13 Km 0 5 1.00 0.15 1years 0.15 0.15
Provision of separate dustbin Nu
1.4. for HH for degradable and mbe 6.0 13. 5
3 non-degradable waste r 0 00 0.02 1.56 years 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 1.56
Awareness campaign and Lum
1.4. program on 3R’s and psu 5
4 segregation of solid waste m 0.50 0.50 years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
Strict laws for the reuse and Lum
1.4. recycling with proper SWM psu 5
5 unit in the municipality m 0.50 0.50 years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
Total 4.01 0.92 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 4.01
115
Grand total physical 08.0 2309.1 1150
development plan 3 0 2 2303.98 2298.98 2302.98 2292.98 8.03
2018-
Tot Time 2019-20 2020-21 2022-23
No Qt 19 2021-22
)
2. Social Development Plan
0.00
2.1 Education
0.00
Lum
Guardians awareness
2.1. psu 0.05 5
program
1 m 0.05 years 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05
Lum
Management of good
2.1. psu 0.50 5
playground
2 m 0.50 years 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.30 0.50
Nu
Running english medium 13.
2.1. mbe 1.0 1.30 5
classes 00
3 r 0 0.10 years 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 1.30
Lum
2.1. Awareness campaign psu 0.50 5
4 m 0.50 years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
Nu
2.1. Technical education mbe 3.0 100.0 300. 5 300.0
5 r 0 0 00 years 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 0
302. 302.3
Total 35 60.42 60.42 60.42 60.42 60.67 5
2.2 Health
0.00
In existing heath institution, lum
2.2. well facilities mind service psu 2.00 5
1 will be provided m 2.00 years 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 2.00
Nu
Management of Ambulance 13.
2.2. mbe 1.0 6.50
facility 00
2 r 0 0.50 2years 3.50 3.00 6.50
2.2. Conducting awareness lum 0.50 0.50 5years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
2018-
Tot Time 2019-20 2020-21 2022-23
No Qt 19 2021-22
)
programs and training related psu
3 to heath m
Nu
Management of ward clinic 13.
2.2. mbe 1.0 0.65
and vaccination clinic 00
4 r 0 0.05 5years 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.65
Nu
2.2. Primary health care center mbe 1.0 13. 5
5 r 0 00 0.20 2.60 years 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 2.60
12.2
Total 5 4.65 4.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 12.25
2.3 Security and Safety
0.00
Lum
Skill development
2.3. psu 0.30
programme
1 m 0.30 5years 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.30
Lum
Education for Children
2.3. psu 0.20
program
2 m 0.20 5years 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.20
Program related to education Nu
13. 16.9
2.3. on awareness & adolescence mbe 1.0 5
00 0
3 topic r 0 1.30 years 4.00 2.00 2.50 2.00 6.40 16.90
Employment facility to
Lum
differently able person
psu 0.20
2.3. according to their capacity to 5
m
4 make them self-dependent 0.20 years 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.20
Lum
Establishment of Old age 200.
2.3. psu 200.0 5 200.0
home 00
5 m 0 years 60.00 60.00 20.00 30.00 30.00 0
2.3. Improvement of surveillance Lum 0.50 0.50 5years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
6 by strengthen and broaden psu
safer cities program and local m
2018-
Tot Time 2019-20 2020-21 2022-23
No Qt 19 2021-22
)
security management
mechanisms
218. 218.1
Total 10 64.24 62.24 22.74 32.24 36.64 0
2.4 Recreation
0.00
lum
2.4. Children fun park`` psu 100.0 100. 100.0
1 m 0 00 5years 15.00 25.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 0
Formation of community lum
2.4. groups at wards for psu
2 managing parks and spaces m 0.50 0.50 5years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
lum
2.4. movie Complex psu 100.0 100. 5 100.0
3 m 0 00 Years 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0
200. 200.5
Total 50 35.10 45.10 35.10 40.10 45.10 0
Grand total Social 733. 733.2
development plan 20 0 164.41 171.91 119.41 133.91 143.56 0
3. Economic Development Plan
0.00
lum
Extension of fishery pocket
psu 10.0 5
area in ward (9,10,11,12,13)
3.1 m 10.00 0 years 3.70 1.00 2.50 0.80 2.00 10.00
Management of soil and lum
developing pocket area for psu 5.00 5
3.2 organic farming m 5.00 years 1.00 0.80 0.90 2.20 0.10 5.00
Nu
Buffalo/goat husbandry 13.
mbe 1.0 1.30
pocket area 00
3.3 r 0 0.10 5years 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 1.30
2018-
Tot Time 2019-20 2020-21 2022-23
No Qt 19 2021-22
)
Nu
13.
Grant in milk production mbe 1.0 1.30
00
3.4 r 0 0.10 5years 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 1.30
Nu
Grant in advance grass 13.
mbe 3.0 0.78
cutting machine 00
3.5 r 0 0.02 5years 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.78
lum
Nursery establishment of 100.
psu 100.0 100.0
branch and ground grass 00
3.6 m 0 5years 20.00 15.00 25.00 30.00 10.00 0
Conducting training and
lum
programme related to
psu 0.50
diseases and pest of different
m
3.7 crops 0.50 5years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
Prepare and conducting lum
program related to youth psu 0.50
3.8 self-employment m 0.50 5years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
Create designated business lum
premises for garages, stalls, psu
3.9 etc. m 0.50 0.50 3year 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.50
lum
Construction of
psu
export/import transfer station
3.10 m 2.50 2.50 2year 1.25 1.25 2.50
Provide necessary access to lum
markets for local business & psu 15yea
3.11 businessmen and clients m 0.20 0.20 r 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.20
Nu
Establishment of modern 5.0
mbe 100.0 500. 500.0
animal breeding center 0
3.12 r 0 00 5year 200.00 150.00 75.00 25.00 50.00 0
622. 622.5
Total 58 227.03 169.13 104.48 58.92 63.02 8
4. Financial Development Plan 0.00
2018-
Tot Time 2019-20 2020-21 2022-23
No Qt 19 2021-22
)

Nu
E- Taxation for increasing
mbe 2.0 2
transparency
4.1 r 0 1.25 2.50 years 1.00 1.50 2.50
Nu
Implementation of combined
mbe 1.0 15.
property tax
4.2 r 0 00 0.10 1.50 5years 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 1.50
Nu
GIS mapping within the city mbe 1.0 5.0
4.3 r 0 0 0.50 2.50 5year 0.50 0.25 0.75 0.30 0.70 2.50
Total 6.50 1.80 2.05 1.05 0.60 1.00 6.50
5. Conservation, Culture and
Tourism
0.00
Conducting program related
Lum
to conservation of different
psu 0.10
caste, cultures and their
m
5.1 tradition 0.10 5years 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.10
Preparing implementation
guidelines and monitoring Lum
framework of tourism psu
5.2 development plan m 0.50 0.50 5years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
Organizing
workshops/training for
tourism development Ann 1.0
5.3 planners and policy makers ual 0 0.50 0.50 5years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
5.4 Organizing hospitality Lum 0.80 0.80 5years 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.80
management, handicraft psu
making and awareness m
raising on natural and
2018-
Tot Time 2019-20 2020-21 2022-23
No Qt 19 2021-22
)
cultural conservation
trainings to the local people
Developing the roster of
local youths highlighting
their academic and Lum
professional expertise in psu
5.5 tourism sector m 0.50 0.50 5years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
Lum
Celebrating the Tourism
psu 1Year
Visit Year-2020
5.6 m 3.00 3.00 s 3.00 3.00
Total 5.40 3.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 5.40

6. Institutional Development Plan
0.00
Program should be
Nu
conducted and run to make 13.
mbe 1.30
judicial service effective in 1.0 00
r
6.1 local level 0 0.10 5years 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 1.30
Preparation of decision and
Nu
take into action and also
mbe 1.00
make decision about 1.0 5
r
6.2 compensation 0 1.00 years 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 1.00
Nu
Social inspection should be 13.
mbe 1.0 1.30 5
done 00
6.3 r 0 0.10 years 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 1.30
Municipal government
Lum
officer should be awarded 13.
psu 1.95
and punished by managing 3.0 00 5
m
6.4 the digital register record 0 0.05 years 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 1.95
6.5 Every year program related Lum 0.10

0.10 5 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.10
2018-
Tot Time 2019-20 2020-21 2022-23
No Qt 19 2021-22
)
employment to poor and psu
backward women training m years
Maintenance of all Lum
20.0
community buildings present psu 5
0
6.6 in municipality m 20.00 years 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 20.00
25.6
Total 5 5.13 5.13 5.13 5.13 5.13 25.65
7. Environment Development Plan
0.00
Plan 1.0 5
Plant nursery production 0.50
7.1 t 0 0.50 years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
Wor 1.0 5
Environmental Management 0.10
7.2 k 0 0.10 years 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.10
Management and Wor 1.0 5
0.10
7.3 preservation of public land k 0 0.10 years 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.10
Nu
1.0
Soil management mbe 0.10 5
0
7.4 r 0.10 years 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.10
Nu
13.
One ward one park campaign mbe 1.0 2.60
00
7.5 r 0 0.20 5years 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 2.60
Training programs,
establishment of library in num 13.
1.30
each school, distribution of ber 1.0 00
7.6 necessary equipment 0 0.10 5years 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 1.30
Total 4.70 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 4.70
8. Disaster Risk Management Plan
0.00
Preparation of multi hazard Wor 1.0
8.1 map and RSLUP k 0 5.00 5.00 5years 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 5.00
2018-
Tot Time 2019-20 2020-21 2022-23
No Qt 19 2021-22
)
lum
Byelaws preparation psu 1.0 1Year
8.2 m 0 1.00 1.00 s 1.00 1.00
Proper infrastructure
development with proper lum
design with respect to land psu 1.0 10.5
8.3 availability m 0 10.50 0 5years 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 10.50
Enhance human resource and Lum
institutional capacity psu 1.0 13.
8.4 programme m 0 00 0.20 0.20 5years 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.20
Construction of conservation Lum
ponds, water collection psu 10. 1.0
8.5 ponds m 00 0 0.50 0.50 5years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50
Nu
Training on disasters Event mbe 1.0 13.
8.6 r 0 00 0.10 1.30 5years 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 1.30
Coordinate with the DDRC
to return the disaster lum
displaced persons to their psu 1.0
8.7 respective places m 0 2.00 2.00 5years 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 2.00
20.5
Total
0 0 4.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 20.50
9. Climatic Change Adaptation
Plan
0.00
Lum
Water sources conservation psu 1.0 500.0 500. 500.0
9.1 m 0 0 00 5years 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 0
500. 500.0

Total 00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 0
Grand Total 134 0 2816.8 2757.52 2634.37 2606.85 2611.00 1342
2018-
Tot Time 2019-20 2020-21 2022-23
No Qt 19 2021-22
)
26.5
6 2 6.56
7.2 MISP Program/Projects for Mid term
2018- 2021-
Tota 2019- 2020- 2022- 2023-
Nos Time 19 22
SN Activities Unit Qty. Rate l 20 (1 21 (1 23 (1 2028 (5 Total
. (Year) (1Yea (1Yea
Cost Year) Year) Year) Years)
r) r)
1.1 Road And Bridge
Reconstruction of Nu
1.1. 500
affected bridges in ward mbe 3.00 5000. 10 500.0 500.0 5000
1 0.00
(9,10 and 2), r 00 years 0 500.00 500.00 0 500.00 2500.00 .00
Road status Lu
1.1. 200.
improvement in ward mps 200.0 10 200.
2 00
(12,13,10,11,5) um 0 years 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 100.00 00
520 520.0 520.0 5200
Total 0 0 520.00 520.00 0 520.00 2600.00 .00
Others 0.00
1.1. Extraction management Lu 200.0 200. 10 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 100.00 200.
11 of canal should be done mps 0 00 years 00
2018- 2021-
Tota 2019- 2020- 2022- 2023-
Nos Time 19 22
r) r)
in roads um
Nu
1.1. Construction of dam 10.0
mbe 1.0 1.00 10year 10.0
12 as a river training 0
r 0 10.00 s 2.25 2.25 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.50 0
210.
total 210 22.25 22.25 21.00 21.00 21.00 102.50 00
Tot

al 0.00
1.2 Water Supply
0.00
Lu
Pure drinking water and
1.2. mps 2.00 10
sanitation
1 um 2.00 years 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 1.00 2.00
Lu
1.2. Maintenance of existing
mps 2.00 10
2 tap and well
um 2.00 years 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.50 2.00
Lu
Conservation of water
1.2. mps 2.00 10
source
3 um 2.00 years 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.50 2.00
Total 6 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 2.00 6.00
0.00
Nu
Public toilet at Parsa
1.3. mbe 5.0 1.00 2.00 10
bazar in ward 6 and 8
1 r 0 0.40 years 0.85 0.50 0.20 0.05 0.10 0.30 2.00
1.3. Installation of Sewerage 190. 381. 10year 381.
Km
2 Network 61 2.00 21 s 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 31.21 21
383. 383.
Total 21 70.85 70.50 70.20 70.05 70.10 31.51 21
1.4 Solid Waste Management 0.00
2018- 2021-
Tota 2019- 2020- 2022- 2023-
Nos Time 19 22
r) r)

Promote biogas
installation and Lu
1.4. penalties on public mps 10year
1 disposal of solid waste um 1.00 1.00 s 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.00
Formation of capable
SWM committee on Lu
1.4. Khairahani Municipality mps 10year
2 and surrounding RM um 1.00 1.00 s 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.00
Total 2 1.00 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 2.00
1.5 Electrical and
Communication
0.00
1.5. Sq. 20.4 10year
Expansion of electricity
1 Km 2 0.05 1.02 s 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.47 1.02
1.5. Expansion of Sq. 20.4 10year
2 telecommunication Km 2 0.05 1.02 s 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.47 1.02
Solar lights installed on lum
1.5. roads and other public psu 10year
3 spaces m 8.00 8.00 s 2.00 2.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 8.00
Promotion and lum
1.5. monitoring of FM psu 10year
4 stations m 0.50 0.50 s 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.50
Wi-Fi hot-spots in the
public spaces like bus lum
1.5. parks, parks and other psu 10year
5 urban squares m 1.00 1.00 s 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.00
11.5 11.5
Total 4 2.92 2.42 1.42 0.87 1.33 2.59 4
Grand total physical 581 0 617.8 616.17 613.62 612.9 613.43 2738.80 5812
2018- 2021-
Tota 2019- 2020- 2022- 2023-
Nos Time 19 22
r) r)
development plan 2.75 2 2 .75
0.00
2.1 Education
0.00
Lu
Management of
2.1. mps 2.00 10
building
1 um 2.00 years 0.85 0.50 0.20 0.05 0.10 0.30 2.00
Lu
Management of E-
2.1. mps 1.00 10
library
2 um 1.00 years 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.15 1.00
Nu
Conducting training 13.0
2.1. mbe 1.0 1.30 10
about quality education 0
3 r 0 0.10 years 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.65 1.30
Lu
Management of child 13.0 26.0
2.1. mps 1.0 10 26.0
friendly school 0 0
4 um 0 2.00 years 10.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 5.00 0
Lu
Management of pure
2.1. mps 1.00 10
drinking water and toilet
5 um 1.00 years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50 1.00
Identification and Lu
2.1. management of private mps 0.80 10
6 school and colleges um 0.80 years 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.40 0.80
32.1
Total 32.1 11.66 4.91 3.61 2.46 2.46 7.00 0
2.2 Health
0.00
Nu
Establishment of heath 13.0
2.2. mbe 1.0 6.50 10
post in each ward 0
1 r 0 0.50 years 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 3.25 6.50
2.2. By improving the status lum 1.00 2.00 2.00 10 0.70 0.50 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.10 2.00
2018- 2021-
Tota 2019- 2020- 2022- 2023-
Nos Time 19 22
r) r)
of primary health
center, they should be psu
transfer as well facilities m
2 hospital years
Total 8.50 1.35 1.15 0.95 0.85 0.85 3.35 8.50
0.00
Regulation of education Lu
2.3. program to differently mps 0.50 10
1 able people um 0.50 years 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.25 0.50
Establishing police
station/booths in city
pockets and establish
crime prevention
strategy and emergency Lu
2.3. response team for mps 1.0 10year
2 disaster um 0 0.40 0.40 s 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.20 0.40
Establishment of at least
one Early Childhood
Development Center in Nu
2.3. each ward of mbe 1.0 13.0 26.0 10 26.0
3 municipality r 0 0 2.00 0 years 11.00 7.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 0
26.9
Total 26.9 11.09 7.09 2.09 2.09 1.09 3.45 0
2.4 Recreation
0.00
lum
Develop proper trekking
2.4. psu 10
route
1 m 1.50 1.50 years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.00 1.50
Formation of ward-wise
2.4. lum 2.00 2.00 10 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 1.30 2.00
2018- 2021-
Tota 2019- 2020- 2022- 2023-
Nos Time 19 22
r) r)
team for specific games
(football, volleyball and psu
2 cricket) m years
Total 3.5 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 2.30 3.50
Grand total Social 71.0
development plan 71 0 24.34 13.39 6.89 5.64 4.64 16.10 0
3. Economic Development
Plan
0.00
Extension of food crops lum
and vegetables pocket psu 30.0 10 30.0
3.1 area m 30.00 0 years 3.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 15.00 0
Training about different lum
diseases and pest psu 10
3.2 control m 1.00 1.00 years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50 1.00
Construction and lum
maintenance of small psu 5.00 10
3.3 irrigation canal m 5.00 years 0.50 0.50 0.30 0.70 0.50 2.50 5.00
lum
Construction of cold 10.0
psu 5.0 10 10.0
store 0
3.4 m 0 2.00 years 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 6.50 0
Establishment of Lu
refining industries mps 1.00 10
3.5 (sauces, chips) um 1.00 years 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.65 1.00
lum
Production and storage
psu 2.00 10
of seed
3.6 m 2.00 years 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 1.34 2.00
Nu
Cow husbandry pocket 13.0
mbe 1.0 2.60 10
area 0
3.7 r 0 0.20 years 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 1.73 2.60
2018- 2021-
Tota 2019- 2020- 2022- 2023-
Nos Time 19 22
r) r)
Grant in transportation lum
in milna esnaalaizer, psu 5.00 10
3.8 chilingtar m 5.00 years 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 2.50 5.00
Training and
programmer for lum
1.00
commercial animal psu 10
3.9 husbandry m 1.00 years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50 1.00
lum
Improvement in fishery
psu 2.50 10
and dairy shop
3.10 m 2.50 years 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.25 2.50
By identification of
lum
Tourism place
psu 5.00
necessary infrastructure 10
m
3.11 should be managed 5.00 years 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 2.50 5.00
65.1 65.1
Total 0 6.03 7.03 4.83 5.23 7.03 34.97 0
4. Financial Development
Plan
0.00
Lu
Asset management mps 10year
4.1 um 0.20 0.20 s 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.10 0.20
Total 0.20 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.10 0.20
Tourism
0.00
Management of Ann 15.0 10
5.1 homestay ual 0 0.50 7.50 years 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 5.00 7.50
5.2 Management of proper Ann 15.0 0.70 10.5 10 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 7.00 10.5
infrastructure in tourism ual 0 0 years 0
2018- 2021-
Tota 2019- 2020- 2022- 2023-
Nos Time 19 22
r) r)
places
Preparing/updating lum
tourism development psu 10
5.3 plan m 0.50 0.50 years 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.34 0.50
Offering jungle safari
activities at Kankali
community forest,
Devithan community
forest, Jabisavari
community forest, 10
2.00 2.00 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 1.34
Kumrose madhya years
community fores, Sulali
budhauli community
forest and Kutakoti Lu
public forest (Green mps
5.4 Park) um 2.00
Forming the national
and international Lu 10
1.00 1.00 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.67
“Youth Samparka mps years
5.5 Manch” um 1.00
Preparing the visual
documentary of the
10
touristic sites and Lu 1.00 1.00 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.67
years
uploading it in websites mps
5.6 and social sites um 1.00
Keeping the Tourism
Information Desk
10
nearby Municipality NU 0.50 7.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 5.00
years
office with digital MB 1.0 15.0
5.7 information boards ER 0 0 7.50
Total 30 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 20.00 30.0
2018- 2021-
Tota 2019- 2020- 2022- 2023-
Nos Time 19 22
r) r)
0
6. Institutional Development
Plan 0.00
Orientation about Nu
judicial formulation to mbe 1.00 2.00 10
6.1 judicial officer r 2.00 years 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 1.28 2.00
Preparation of Nu
13.0
integrated citizen ward mbe 1.0 1.30 10
0
6.2 letter r 0 0.10 years 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.65 1.30
Service companion
should be paid by Nu
responsible person, such mbe 1.00 0.05
rules and regulation r 3.0 10
6.3 should be forwarded 0 0.02 years 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04
Ward and government
Lu
office should be
mps 0.01
constructed disable- 1.0 10
um
6.4 friendly (Apanga maitri) 0 0.01 years 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01
Every institution should
prepare their monthly Lu
financial particular and mps 0.03
move towards um 10
6.5 publishing process 0.03 years 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02
Conduct program Lu
related to make children mps 0.05 10
6.6 -friendly municipal um 0.05 years 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05
Provide education and
capacity building for num 13.0
5.00
participatory integrated ber 1.0 0 10
6.7 development plan 0 5.00 years 1.00 0.05 1.00 0.05 1.20 1.70 5.00
2018- 2021-
Tota 2019- 2020- 2022- 2023-
Nos Time 19 22
r) r)
Create an active
interactive website and
software to minimize Lu
paper work and single mps 1.50
window system for um
similar or interlinked 10
6.8 works 1.50 years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.00 1.50
Establish information
and intelligence
Lu
gathering systems for
mps 1.00
regular trainings and
um
knowledge exchange 10
6.9 workshops 1.00 years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50 1.00
num 1.0 15.0 22.5 10 22.5
Strengthening TDOs
6.10 bers 0 0 1.50 0 years 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 11.25 0
Human resource for num 2.0 15.0 10
6.11 IUDP Implementation ber 0 0 0.04 1.05 years 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.70 1.05
Institutional Lu
coordination and mps 10
6.12 networking um 0.05 0.05 years 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.05
34.5 34.5
Total 3 3.81 2.86 3.81 2.86 4.01 17.20 2
7. Environment Development
Plan 0.00
Control animal attack Wor 10
1.00 0.10
7.1 and preserve them k 0.10 years 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.10
Forest management and Wor 10
1.00 0.10
7.2 preservation k 0.10 years 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.10
Construction of park Wor 10
1.00 0.10
7.3 and resting places k 0.10 years 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.10
7.4 Environmental and Wor 1.00 0.10 0.10 10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.10
2018- 2021-
Tota 2019- 2020- 2022- 2023-
Nos Time 19 22
r) r)
forest management k years
For environmental
conservation Nu
afforestation and mbe 1.00 0.10
sanitation program r 10
7.5 should be conducted 0.10 years 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.10
Scientific land Use wor 1.0 10
7.6 Planning k 0 0.50 0.50 years 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.34 0.50
Afforestation and
reforestation of all types
of classes of depleted
and denuded forest
lands, waste lands and Nu
range land through mbe 1.0 10.0 10
7.7 people’s participation r 0 0 0.50 5.00 years 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 2.50 5.00
Total 6.00 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 3.09 6.00
8. Disaster Risk Management
Plan 0.00
Wor 10.0 10 10.0
Flood control programs 1.00
8.1 k 10.00 0 years 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 5.00 0
Programs related to Wor 10
1.00 5.00
8.2 wind/storm risk control k 5.00 years 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 3.35 5.00
Measuring earthquake Wor 10
1.00 0.50
8.3 risk k 0.50 years 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.34 0.50
Controlling natural Wor 20.0 10 20.0
1.00
8.4 disaster k 20.00 0 years 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 13.35 0
Awareness and pre-
Wor
planning from disaster 1.00 0.50 10
k
8.5 risk 0.50 years 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.34 0.50
8.6 Development of Nu 1.0 0.50 0.50 10 0.50 0.50
watershed management mbe 0 years
2018- 2021-
Tota 2019- 2020- 2022- 2023-
Nos Time 19 22
r) r)
plan r
Effective
implementation of Lu
forest management mps 10
8.7 plans um 0.50 0.50 years 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.33 0.50
Lu
Restoration of degraded
mps 10
and denuded slopes
8.8 um 0.50 0.50 years 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.33 0.50
lum
Plantation in soil
psu 10
erosion risk areas
8.9 m 1.00 0.50 0.50 years 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.34 0.50
Building of
embankment and (river) Lu
spur in high risk mps 1.0 500.0 500. 10 500.
8.10 locations um 0 0 00 years 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 150.00 00
Lu
Mitigate hazard with
mps 1.0 10
appropriate technology
8.11 um 0 1.00 1.00 years 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50 1.00
Tota 503. 503.

l 00 50.20 60.20 70.70 80.20 90.20 151.50 00
9. Climatic Change
Adaptation Plan
Programs related to Wor 1.0 10
0.50
9.1 climate change k 0 0.50 years 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.34 0.50
Public awareness wor 1.0 13.0 10
9.2 campaign k 0 0 0.15 1.95 years 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 1.30 1.95
Lu
Updating the climate
mps 1.0 10
data
9.3 um 0 8.00 8.00 years 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 5.35 8.00
9.4 Develop pedestrian Lu 1.0 13.0 10.00 130. 10 8.66 8.66 8.66 8.66 8.66 86.70 130.
friendly roads mps 0 0 00 years 00
2018- 2021-
Tota 2019- 2020- 2022- 2023-
Nos Time 19 22
r) r)
um
Training on climate
change adoption Lu
agriculture farming as mps 1.0 13.0 10
9.5 well as cattle farming um 0 0 0.15 1.95 years 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 1.30 1.95
Activities promoting off Lu
season vegetable mps 1.0 10
9.6 farming system um 0 2.00 2.00 years 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 1.34 2.00
Lu
Plantation in road side mps 30.0 10 30.0
9.7 um 30.00 0 years 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 20.00 0
Nu
Awareness programme mbe 1.0 13.0 10
9.8 r 0 0 0.15 1.95 years 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 1.30 1.95
176. 176.
Total 35 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 117.62 35
669 716.5 721.1 6698
Grand Total 8.93 0 4 713.99 714.19 9 733.64 3099.37 .93
7.3 MSIP Program/Projects for long term
Total Time 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-2028 2028-2033
SN Activities Unit Nos. Qty. Rate
Cost (Year) (1Year) (1 Year) (1 Year) (1Year) (1 Year) (5 Years) (5 Years)

1.1 Road And Bridge
Upgrading earthen road 100. 100.0 15
1.1.1 km 27
into gravel road 00 0 years 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 27.50 27.50
1.1.2 Upgrading gravel road into km 104 100. 100.0 15 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 27.50 27.50
Total Time 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-2028 2028-2033
blacktopped 00 0 years
Improvement of road
Lum
1.1.3 networks and preparation 6.00 15
psum
of MTMP 6.00 years 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.75 1.75
Construction and
expansion of road system Lum
1.1.4 5.00
by land pooling and GLD psum 15
roads 5.00 years 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 1.50 1.50
Urgent construction of
road structures and road Lum
1.1.5 10.00
furniture including bicycle psum 10.0 15
lanes and foot paths 0 years 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 3.25 3.25
Maintain and synchronize
traffic lights through Lum
1.1.6 2.00
government and private psum 15
sectors 2.00 years 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50
Total 223 19.80 19.80 19.80 19.80 19.80 62.00 62.00
Others
Ring road parking for long Lum 200. 200.0 15
1.1.11
term planning psum 00 0 years 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 65.00 65.00
Construction of bridges in Num 500. 6000. 15
1.1.12 1
ward 2, 3, 7, 9, 10 and 12 ber 12.00 00 00 years 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 2000.00 2000.00
6200.
total 00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 414.00 2065.00 2065.00
Total
1.2 Water Supply

All wards facilitated with Num 15
1.2.1 drinking water ber 1.00 0.20 0.200 years 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.07
Promoting rainwater Num 15
1.2.2 harvesting in household ber 1.00 0.20 0.200 years 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.07
Total Time 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-2028 2028-2033
level by subsidizing on
money and technical
support.
Total 0.40 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.13 0.13

Waste water treatment
plants in ward 13 at south Lum
east of Simreni and north psum 15yea
1.3.1 of Gauwa 5.00 5.00 rs 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 1.50 1.50
Mandatory toilet with
septic tank in every Num 1 123 4932. 15yea
1.3.2 buildings ber 31 0.40 40 rs 330.00 330.00 330.00 330.00 330.00 1641.20 1641.20
Lum
Set up public toilet in
psu 15yea
public zone
1.3.3 m 5.00 5.00 rs 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 1.50 1.50
4942.
Total 40 330.80 330.80 330.80 330.80 330.80 1644.20 1644.20
1.4 Solid Waste Management
Waste transfer and recycle
station one each in ward 2
(south west of Chainpur),
9 (east of Purano Parsa),
10 (north of Kathar) and
ward 13 (south east of Num 300. 300.0 15yea
1.4.1 Gauwa) ber 1.00 00 0 rs 120.00 100.00 25.00 25.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Use moderns technology
and adopt the 3Rs
(reducing, recycling and Lum 15yea
1.4.2 reuse of waste) psum 5.00 5.00 rs 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 1.50 1.50
1.4.3 Privatization of SWM Lum 2.00 2.00 15yea 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.63 0.63
Total Time 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-2028 2028-2033
psum rs
Discouraging of roadside
storage of solid waste by
constructing a transfer 1
station within the radius of Num 200. 200.0 15yea
1.4.4 5 KM. ber 00 0 rs 80.00 50.00 20.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Efficient use of landfill
site and guiding with
principle of zero waste to Lum 100. 100.0 15yea
1.4.5 land fill site. psum 00 0 rs 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 20.00 5.00
607.0
Total 0 225.55 170.55 60.55 55.55 25.55 42.13 27.13
1.5 Electrical and
Communication
ST and LT program for
promoting private and
government sector for
qualitative internet and lump 15
1.5.1 communication facility sum 0.50 0.50 years 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.14 0.16
Formulating energy policy
for promoting renewable
energy sources in public lump 15
1.5.2 and private usage sum 3.00 3.00 years 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 1.00 1.00
Investing and planning for
smart grid electricity lump 15yea
1.5.3 infrastructure sum 5.00 5.00 rs 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 1.50 1.50
Total 8.50 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 2.64 2.66
Grand total physical 1198
development plan 1.30 0 990.82 935.82 825.82 820.82 790.82 3816.10 3801.12

2.1 Education
Total Time 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-2028 2028-2033

Lum 15
Computer lab 0.60
2.1.1 psum 0.60 years 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.20 0.20
Cost free education for Lum 15
5.00
2.1.2 inter level (+12) psum 5.00 years 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 1.50 1.50
Establishment of primary,
secondary and higher Lum 100. 100.0 15
2.1.3 secondary schools psum 00 0 years 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 20.00 5.00
Establishment of goods
college for higher
education by government Lum 120. 120.0 15
2.1.4 and private sector psum 00 0 years 50.00 15.00 20.00 5.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
225.6
Total 0 75.44 35.44 35.44 15.44 15.44 31.70 16.70
2.2 Health

Purchasing of medicine to
lump
distribute from heath 0.20 15
sum
2.2.1 institution 0.20 years 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.07
Construction of building
lump
for vaccination center in 5.00 15
sum
2.2.2 wards (1,3,4,5,9,11 ) 5.00 years 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 1.50 1.50
Num 400. 400.0 15
Construction of Hospital 1
2.2.3 ber 1.00 00 0 years 100.00 75.00 60.00 50.00 45.00 50.00 20.00
15 bedded community
hospital with all Num 200. 200.0 15
2.2.4 emergency services ber 1.00 1 00 0 years 80.00 40.00 20.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 15.00
Community-based health
lump
care clinic with maternal 100. 100.0 15YE
sum
2.2.5 care, lab and pharmacy 00 0 ARS 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 20.00 5.00
2.2.6 Yoga and meditation numb 3.00 50.0 150.0 15 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 25.00 25.00
center with registered er 0 0 years
Total Time 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-2028 2028-2033
doctor
855.2
Total 0 225.41 155.41 115.41 90.41 85.41 116.57 66.57

Num 15yea
Awareness program 13 2.60
2.3.1 ber 1.00 0.20 rs 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.85 0.85
Women empowerment Num 15yea
13 2.60
2.3.2 program ber 1.00 0.20 rs 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.85 0.85
Conduction of program Lum 15yea
0.10
2.3.3 against women violence psum 0.10 rs 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03
Create employment for the
youth and establish
Lum
registration centres for the 1.00
psum
jobless youth – cottage 15yea
2.3.4 industries 1.00 rs 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.33 0.33
CCTV surveillance to be Lum
installed in the city and psu 300. 300.0 15yea
2.3.5 firefighting facility m 00 0 rs 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 75.00 75.00
306.3
Total 0 30.43 30.43 30.43 30.43 30.43 77.07 77.07
2.4 Recreation

Management of children
parks, and gardens and
recreational parks (at the lump 15
2.4.1 wards level) sum 3.00 3.00 years 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 1.20 0.80
Construction of
community halls (with
library, convention and
musical facility)- in each numb 15
2.4.2 ward er 1.00 13 5.00 65.00 years 4.40 4.40 4.40 4.40 4.40 21.50 21.50
Total Time 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-2028 2028-2033
Establishment of youth
and sports development
center in each wards of the numb 15
2.4.3 municipality er 1.00 13 2.00 26.00 years 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 8.63 8.63
Total 94.00 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 31.33 30.93
Grand total Social 1481.
development plan 10 0 337.64 227.64 187.64 142.64 137.64 256.66 191.26
3. Economic Development Plan

Fertilize uterus of lump 20.0 15yea
20.00
3.1 cow/buffalo(Vetrinary) sum 0 r 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 6.68 6.68
Distribution of he-goat
breed improvement lump 2.00 15
3.2 facility sum 2.00 years 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.67 0.67
Extension of potato pocket lump 15
2.00
3.3 area sum 2.00 years 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.67 0.67
Construction and
lump
management of irrigation 10.0 10.00 15
sum
3.4 canal 0 years 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 3.34 3.34
Block construction for lump 15
2.00
3.5 food crops sum 2.00 years 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.67 0.67
Block construction for lump 15
3.00
3.6 vegetables sum 3.00 years 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.20 1.00 1.00
lump 15
Market management 2.00
3.7 sum 2.00 years 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.67 0.67
Construction of irrigation
lump
infrastructure (boring , 10.0 10.00 15
sum
3.8 gravity type irrigation) 0 years 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 3.33 3.33
Establishment of farmer lump 15
1.00
3.9 community network sum 1.00 years 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.33 0.33
Industrialization should be lump 100. 100.0 15yea

3.10 done by maintaining sum 00 0 rs 6.67 7.00 8.00 9.00 2.00 33.67 33.67
Total Time 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-2028 2028-2033
equilibrium with the
environment
Management of high
lump 200.0
voltage electricity for 200. 15yea
sum 0
3.11 Industrial development 00 rs 13.33 13.33 13.33 13.33 13.33 66.68 66.68
Land should be available lump 15yea
1.00
3.12 for parking sum 1.00 rs 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.33 0.33
Management of Home stay lump 15yea
1.00
3.13 (according to cast ) sum 1.00 rs 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.33 0.33
Establish/strengthen the
links between informal
and formal (e.g. garbage
collection, prevention of
communicable diseases, Num 15yea
3.14 water and sanitation) ber 1.00 15 0.50 7.50 rs 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 2.50 2.50
Promote new technology
and techniques in lump 100. 100.0 15yea
3.15 agricultural activity sum 00 0 r 6.67 9.00 8.00 7.00 2.00 33.67 33.67
Upgrade existing
lump
market/build open air 15yea
sum
3.16 market 0.50 0.50 r 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.17
Introduce modern urban
Num
farming, greenhouses, 1.00 15 15
ber
3.17 poultry 0.50 7.50 years 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 2.50 2.50
Monitoring for control of Annu 15yea
1.00 15
3.18 illegal market al 0.20 3.00 r 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.20 1.00 1.00
lump 15yea
Training to the farmers
3.19 sum 0.50 0.50 rs 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.17
473.0
Total 0 31.53 33.99 34.19 34.39 22.19 158.35 158.35
4. Financial Development Plan

Total Time 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-2028 2028-2033
Borrowing, grants and
funds for different Num 15yea
4.1 stakeholders ber 1.00 1 1.50 1.50 r 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.40 0.60
Government security and numb 15yea
4.2 provision of easy loan. er 1.00 15 1.00 15.00 r 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 3.00 5.00
Celebrating & award for annu 15yea
4.3 good tax payer al 0.10 0.10 r 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03
Total 16.60 1.11 1.31 1.51 1.71 1.91 3.43 5.63
Tourism

Formation of Tourism
Development and
1
Management Committee numb 15yea
5.1 (TDMC) in every wards er 13 0.50 6.50 rs 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 2.17 2.17
Maintenance of Cheemkya
Devi Temple, Kankali
Tample and Bharmathan
Tample for developing as Lum 10.0 15yea
5.2 religious touristic site psum 0 10.00 rs 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 3.35 3.35
Developing sports stadium
at ward no 05, to promote Lum 100. 100.0 15yea
5.3 the sports tourism psum 00 0 rs 6.67 6.67 6.67 6.67 6.67 33.33 33.33
Advancing the facilities at
homestays at ward number Num 4 15yea
5.4 7, 8, 10 and 12 ber 0.50 2.00 rs 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.67 0.67
Conserving Darai bote
Lake and promote tourism lump 15yea
5.5 activities sum 2.50 2.50 rs 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.83 0.83
Offering Rapti river
boating and crocodile Lum 15yea
5.6 viewing activities psum 2.00 2.00 rs 0.15 0.22 0.20 0.20 0.33 0.10 0.80
Total Time 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-2028 2028-2033
Assessing the disaster
prone sites in the tourist Lum 15yea
5.7 places psum 2.00 2.00 rs 0.15 0.20 0.22 0.33 0.20 0.10 0.80
Offering diploma level
hotel management and
agriculture related
program in selected Lum 15yea
5.8 secondary schools psum 8.00 8.00 rs 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 2.67 2.67
Establishing the Travel
and Tours Companies in NU
5
central level by the local MBE 15yea
5.9 entrepreneurs R 8.00 40.00 rs 2.67 3.00 2.00 1.00 4.67 13.33 13.33
173.0
Total 0 11.56 12.01 11.01 10.12 13.79 56.55 57.95
6. Institutional Development Plan

Orientation program about Num 15
13 1.30
6.1 notice to process ber 1.00 0.10 years 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.43 0.43
Construction of Lum 50.0 15
1 50.00
6.2 community building psum 0 years 3.33 3.33 3.33 3.33 3.33 16.68 16.68
Old age friendly park and
Lum
religious place should be 30.0 30.00 15
psum
6.3 constructed and improved 0 years 2.00 3.00 5.00 6.00 5.00 3.00 6.00
Establish communication
.
centers for common
numb 13 26.00
information sharing 15yea
er
6.4 platform 1.00 2.00 rs 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 8.67 8.67
Separate authority for
monitoring and evaluation
of government works for
quality and timely Num 15yea
6.5 completion ber 1.00 15 0.60 9.00 rs 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 3.00 3.00
Total Time 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-2028 2028-2033
Appropriate and optimum
use of local technologies,
local food products and
indigenous cultural lump 15
6.6 products sum 1.00 1.00 years 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.33 0.33
117.3
Total 0 7.82 8.82 10.82 11.82 10.82 32.11 35.11
7. Environment Development
Plan

Afforestation should be 15
Work 1 0.50
7.1 done (per year) 0.50 years 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.17
Plantation along the road
side and buffer zone along 15yea
7.2 the rivers work 1.00 2.00 2.00 rs 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.67 0.67
Sufficient buffer zone
development in forest 15yea
7.3 areas work 1.00 2.00 2.00 rs 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.67 0.67
Protect agricultural land Annu 15yea
7.4 by Laws al 15 0.50 7.50 rs 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 2.25 2.25
Lum 20.0 15yea
Proper zoning of the lands
7.5 psum 1.00 0 20.00 rs 1.33 1.33 1.32 1.33 1.33 6.68 6.68
Provide park and plant tree Lum 15yea
7.6 in open spaces psum 1.00 13 5.00 65.00 rs 4.33 4.33 4.33 4.33 4.33 21.68 21.68
Development of
sustainable Land use Lum 15yea
7.7 management psum 1.00 5.00 5.00 rs 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 1.68 1.68
Inventory of Degraded Lum 15yea
7.8 Land psum 1.00 1.50 1.50 rs 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.50
Lum
Providing seeds to farmers
psum 15yea
and establishing nurseries
7.9 p 1.00 1.00 1.00 rs 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.33 0.33
Total Time 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-2028 2028-2033
Promotion of public lump 15yea
7.10 electric vehicles sum 1.00 0.50 0.50 rs 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.17
105.0
Total 0 7.49 6.99 6.99 6.99 6.99 34.77 34.77
8. Disaster Risk Management
Plan

Awareness campaign & Lum 15
8.1 Disaster management psum 1.00 13 0.10 1.30 years 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.43 0.43
Establishment of disaster
risk management
unit/focal
person/desk/coordinator at Num 15yea
8.2 municipal level ber 15.00 1 0.10 1.50 rs 0.10 0.50 0.10 0.50 0.20 0.05 0.05
Effective implementation
of forest management
plans as well as develop
mechanism to control
shifting cultivation or
slash burning as well as to
encourage improvised
stove (Sudhariyako chulo) Lum 15yea
8.3 system psum 1.00 1.00 rs 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.33 0.33
Promote use of organic
fertilizer and organic lump 15yea
8.4 farming system sum 1.00 13 0.10 1.30 rs 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.43 0.43
Promotion of rain water Lum 10.0 15yea
8.5 harvesting technology psum 0 10.00 rs 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 3.33 3.33
Managing the relief and
rescue material in each lump 15yea
8.6 vulnerable areas sum 1.00 2.00 2.00 rs 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.67 0.67
Tot 17.10 0.00 1.14 1.54 1.14 1.54 1.24 5.24 5.24
Total Time 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-2028 2028-2033
al
9. Climatic Change Adaptation
Plan

Water recharging Lum 1.00 70 70 15 4.66 4.66 4.66 4.66 4.66 23.35 23.35
9.1 pavements psum years
Land use zoning with
buffer around the Lum 30.0 15
9.2 industrial zone psum 1.00 0 30.00 years 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 10.00 10.00
Promotion of energy Lum 20.0 15
9.3 efficient architecture psum 1.00 0 20.00 years 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 6.68 6.68
Promotion of alternative Lum 130. 130.0 15
9.4 energy psum 1.00 00 0 years 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 8.67 43.33 43.33
Organic fertilizer and
pesticide manufacture Lum 15
9.5 training psum 1.00 3.50 3.50 years 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 1.17 1.17
Control of soil erosion,
landslide and river bank
cutting through application Lum 80.0 15
9.7 of bioengineering method psum 1.00 0 80.00 years 5.33 5.33 5.33 5.33 5.33 26.68 26.68
333.5
Total 0 22.22 22.22 22.22 22.22 22.22 111.19 111.19
1469 1411.3 1052.2
Grand Total 7.90 0.00 2 1250.34 1101.33 5 1007.62 4474.41 4400.63
8 ANNEXES
Annexes-1: DED Selection Matrix
Step I: All the projects guided by Development Plans were prioritized. These projects were
municipality level projects.
Step II: The prioritized projects were evaluated on following four criteria proposed by DUDBC:
 Congruence with prevalent policies & strategies (NUP 2007, NUDS 2017 etc.)
 Overall viability of the proposed project
 Capacity of the proponent to implement the project, and
 Benefits and positive impact of the project
Each of these four criteria is weighted equally with a maximum score of 25. Each criterion are
evaluated using different indicators and weightages. Each indicators or sub-criteria is evaluated
using rating scale from 0 to 1—where 1 denotes desired condition, while 0 denotes undesired
condition. Any other condition in between is rated using interpolation and best judgement. Value
of each indicator is then calculated by multiplying the given rating and maximum score attached
to an indicator.
Evaluation criteria
(i) Congruence (Weightage = 25)
Fit with the consistent with
Consistent with Government’s prioritized
Fit with Consistent with
activities catalytic economic
corridor Sustainable
outlined in investment areas sectors (service, Total
strategy Development
NUDS outlined in policy industry, and Value
(15) Goals (SDGs)
(2.5) and program for agriculture) of
(2.5)
2018-2019 Graduation Plan
(2.5) (2.5)
Rating Value Rating Value Rating Value Rating Value Rating Value
0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
Indicators and ratings:

1. Fit with core value of corridor strategy
 fits with core value of corridor strategy: complementarity 2, sharing3, and
collaboration4= 1
2
complementarity: an action which also contributes to another to form synergy or a greater whole
3
sharing: cost and benefit of infrastructure provisions and services are shared equitably among participating actors
4
collaboration: cooperation between actors to achieve intended objectives and goal
 Doesn’t fit with core value of corridor strategy = 0
2. Consistent with activities outlined in NUDS

 Links with activities identified by NUDS = 1
 Doesn’t link with activities identified by NUDS = 0
3. Consistent with policy and program for 2018-2019

 Fits with catalytic investment areas (agriculture, Energy, Transport, Physical
infrastructure, information technology, tourism, and urban development) = 1
 Does not fit with the catalytic investment areas = 0
4. Consistent with prioritized economic sectors of Graduation Plan

 In line with prioritized economic sectors (service, industry, and agriculture) of the
Graduation Plan (2015-2021) = 1
 Not in line with prioritized economic sectors of the Graduation Plan = 0
5. Consistent with SDGs

 In line with multiple goals outlined in the SDGs = 1
 Not in line with any of the goals outlined in the SDGs = 0
(i) Overall viability (Weightage = 25)
Technical Financial Social Environmental Economic Total

(7) (5) (4) (4) (5) Value
0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
Indicators and rating:

1) Technical:
Project which has already been assessed and has some degree of readiness (max rating
0.4), for which land is available (max rating 0.2), proposed in safer location (max rating
0.2), and project of this kind is already tested/worked out elsewhere in other
municipalities (max rating 0.2) = 1
Project which lacks preliminary assessment and readiness (rating 0), for which land is not
available (rating 0), proposed in unsafe location (rating 0), and project of this kind is not
tested/worked out in any other municipalities (rating 0) = 0
2) Financial:
 Commitment for financial contribution from municipality = 1

 No commitment for financial contribution from municipality = 0
3) Social:
 Unlikely displacement of households (max rating 0.5), and households of
peripheral areas are also served by the project (max rating 0.5) = 1
 Potential displacement of households (rating = 0), and households of peripheral
areas also not served by the project (rating = 0) = 0
4) Environmental:
 Unlikely detrimental effect on natural resources and wildlife habitat = 1
 Potential effect on natural resources and wildlife habitat = 0
5) Economic:
 Potentiality to add to income from taxation, user’s fees-- leading to widening and
increase in revenue base of municipality = 1
 Lacks potentiality to add to income from taxation, user’s fees-- leading to
widening and increase in revenue base of municipality = 0
(ii) Capacity (Weightage = 25)

Experience of
Overall Competitiveness Experience of IFI collaborative project
Total Value
(12) (8) (with national agencies)
(5)
Rating Value Rating Value Rating Value
0-1 0-1 0-1
Indicators and rating:

1) Project Municipality is overall competitive (competitiveness score5 > 75) = 1
Project Municipality is not overall competitive (competitiveness score < 25) = 0
2) Project Municipality has IFI experience = 1
Project Municipality has no IFI experience = 0
5
Competitiveness score of the municipalities used for the purpose is the measure of four variables: physical,
economic, social, and institutional. Physical is measured by indicators: connectivity, and basic urban infrastructure
condition. Economic is measured by indicators: market potential, and industrial activities. Social is measured by
indicators: human development, and ethnic/cultural diversity. Institutional capacity is measured by indicators: pass
or fail in Minimum Conditions evaluated by then Local Body Fiscal Commission.
3) Project Municipality has experience of collaborative project (with national agencies) = 1
Project Municipality has no experience of collaborative project (with national agencies) =

0
(iii) Benefits and Positive Impact (Weightage = 25)

Positive Economic and Social
Geographic Accumulation
Population Impacts and Benefits
Extent of Productive Total
Extent Including Agglomeration
(4) Assets Value
(4) Benefits
(4)
(13)
Ratin
Rating Value Rating Value Value Rating Value
g
0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
Indicators:
1) Geographical Extent
 Project is likely to include two or more than two municipalities = 1

 Project is likely to include one ward only = 0
2) Population Extent
 Project is likely to benefit more than 100,000 people = 1

 Project is likely to benefit less than 1,000 people = 0
3) Accumulation of Productive Assets

 Project has substantive potential for accumulating or forming productive assets in
the corridor (project cost > USD 10 million) = 1
 Project has no substantive potential for accumulating or forming productive assets
in the corridor (project cost < USD 1 million) = 0
4) Benefits and impacts

 Likely to create jobs (rating 0.25), increase productivity (rating 0.25), increase
opportunities for youth and disadvantaged groups (rating 0.25), and become
catalytic medium to cluster and expand additional investment in the area (rating
0.25) = 1
 Unlikely to create jobs (rating 0.25), increase productivity (rating 0.25), increase
opportunities for youth and disadvantaged groups (rating 0.25), and become
catalytic medium to cluster and expand additional investment in the area (rating
0.25) = 0
From the above criteria, those two projects which gained the highest marks were selected as the
DED.
Annexes-2: DED Selection Matrix of Khairahani Municipality

Detail Engineering Design (DED) is the major element for the development of the municipality,
which symbolizes the vision and perspectives of the municipal bodies. Several major projects of
the municipality were selected from the FGD and sectoral meeting and discussions with other
municipal authorities. Along with that, the criteria provided by DUDBC is mainly considered
during the selection of two DED. The evaluation method incorporates major two steps as
described below,
a. First step involves categorization of proposed projects suggested and demanded from the
corridor municipalities into three levels viz. (a) regional (b) municipal (c) wards. The regional
level projects are the one which crosses the boundary of a municipality to include or link two
or more than two municipalities. It also includes such project though confined to a single
municipality but the impact of which is experienced in wider perspective which enables
municipality to participate, and integrate in a regional development process, such as the urban
corridor region of the municipalities.
The municipal level projects are the one which extends beyond the urban core of the
municipality which help in linking other activity centers and peripheral areas of the
municipality. The impact of municipal projects is experienced in wider area and population of
the municipality. The examples of which, may include projects such as rural to urban roads
that enhance rural/urban interface and interactions. The ward level projects are
comparatively very smaller in scope & cost and also its impact is expected to be confined to a
limited local area comprising of a few wards e.g. of ward level projects.
b. Second step involves evaluating the categorized projects (in sequential order from regional to
municipal ward level) and prioritizing them by evaluating them based on following four
criteria proposed by DUDBC namely
 Congruence with prevalent policies
 Overall viability of the proposed project
 Capacity of the proponent to implement the project, and
 Benefits and positive impact of the project
Each of these four criteria is weighted equally with a maximum score of 25. Each criterion is
evaluated using different indicators and weightages. Each indicators or sub-criteria is evaluated
using rating scale from 0 to 1—where 1 denotes desired condition, while 0 denotes undesired
condition. Any other condition in between is rated using interpolation and best judgement. Value
of each indicator is then calculated by multiplying the given rating and maximum score attached
to an indicator.
Hence, the upgrading of road with drainage and river training has gain the highest number due to
which they are selected as major projects. Following table shows the criteria and weightage
gained by every selected projects,
Table 54: DED Selection Criteria
Congruence (Weightage = 25)

Fit with the Consistent with
Government’s prioritized
Consistent with
Consistent catalytic economic sectors
Fit with Sustainable
S.N with activities investment (service, Total
Projects corridor Development
. outlined in areas outlined industry, and Value
strategy (15) Goals (SDGs)
NUDS (2.5) in policy and agriculture) of
(2.5)
program for Graduation Plan
2018-2019 (2.5) (2.5)
Ratin Valu Ratin Ratin Ratin
Value Value Rating Value Value
g e g g g
0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
Upgrading of road along
1 with provision of drainage 1 15 1 2.5 1 2.5 1 2.5 1 2.5 25
and its management
2 River training works 1 15 0 2.5 1 2.5 0 2.5 1 2.5 20
Construction and
3 management of irrigation 0 15 1 2.5 1 2.5 0 2.5 1 2.5 7.5
canal
Construction of health post
4 0 15 1 2.5 1 2.5 1 2.5 1 2.5 10
in every wards
5 0 15 1 2.5 1 2.5 0 2.5 1 2.5 7.5
program
6 Construction of home stay 0 15 0 2.5 1 2.5 0 2.5 0 2.5 2.5
Construction of 15 bedded
7 1 15 1 2.5 1 2.5 1 2.5 1 2.5 25
hospital
Construction of ring road
8 1 15 1 2.5 1 2.5 1 2.5 1 2.5 25
and parking
Overall Viability (Weightage = 25)

S.N Environmental Total
Projects Technical (7) Financial (5) Social (4) Economic (5)
. (4) Value
0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1

1 provision of drainage and its 0.4 7 0.5 5 0.5 4 1 4 1 5 16.3
management
2 River training works 0.6 7 1 5 1 4 1 4 0 5 17.2
Construction and management of

3 0.4 7 1 5 1 4 1 4 0 5 15.8
irrigation canal
Construction of health post in every
4 1 7 1 5 1 4 1 4 0 5 20
wards
5 0.4 7 1 5 1 4 1 4 0 5 15.8
program
6 Construction of home stay 0.5 7 1 5 1 4 1 4 1 5 21.5
7 Construction of 15 bedded hospital 0.6 7 1 5 1 4 0.5 4 0 5 15.2
Construction of ring road and

8 0.4 7 0.5 5 0.5 4 1 4 1 5 16.3
parking
Capacity (Weightage = 25)
Experience of
S.N Overall collaborative project Total
Projects Experience of IFI (8)
. Competitiveness (12) (with national agencies) Value
(5)
Rating Value Rating Value Rating Value

0-1 0-1 0-1
Upgrading of road along with provision of

1 0.75 12 1 8 1 5 22
drainage and its management
2 River training works 0.5 12 1 8 1 5 19

3 0.25 12 0 8 1 5 8
irrigation canal
4 Construction of health post in every wards 1 12 1 8 1 5 25
5 Afforestation and sanitation program 0.25 12 0 8 1 5 8
6 Construction of home stay 0.75 12 0 8 1 5 14
7 Construction of 15 bedded hospital 0.5 12 0 8 1 5 11
8 Construction of ring road and parking 0.75 12 0 8 1 5 14
Benefits and Positive Impacts (Weightage = 25)

Geographic Population Accumulation Positive Economic and Total
S.N. Projects
Extent (4) Extent (4) of Productive Social Impacts and Value
Benefits Including
Assets (4) Agglomeration Benefits
(13)
Rating Value Rating Value Rating Value Rating Value
0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
1 provision of drainage and its 0 4 1 4 1 4 0.75 13 17.75
management
2 River training works 0 4 1 4 1 4 1 13 21
3 0 4 0.8 4 0 4 0.5 13 9.7
irrigation canal
Construction of health post in every
4 0 4 1 4 0 4 1 13 17
wards
5 Afforestation and sanitation program 0 4 0.8 4 0 4 0.5 13 9.7
6 Construction of home stay 1 4 1 4 1 4 0.75 13 21.75
7 Construction of 15 bedded hospital 1 4 0.8 4 1 4 1 13 24.2
8 Construction of ring road and parking 0 4 1 4 1 4 0.75 13 17.75
List of Figures
Figure 1: Flow chart of Structure of the report................................................................................8
Figure 2: Methodological Flow Chart During IUDP Project..........................................................9
Figure 3: Spatial data of municipality...........................................................................................15
Figure 4: Changing area for forest and water bodies in three different years...............................27
Figure 5: Cross section for non- settlement , Terai.......................................................................82
Figure 6: Cross Section for settlement , Terai..............................................................................82
List of Tables
Table 1: Transformation Parameter from WGS84 Datum to Everest 1830 Datum......................16
Table 2: Ward-wise HHs and population structure in 2017 and projection (2018-2033).............24
Table 3: Land cover of Khairahani municipality...........................................................................25
Table 4: Status of disaster in Khairahani municipality..................................................................33
Table 5: Disaster calendar of Khairahani Municipality.................................................................36
Table 6: Selection criteria for suitable site for settlement.............................................................42
Table 7: Selection criteria for Landfill Site...................................................................................44
Table 8: Criteria for flood susceptibility analysis..........................................................................47
Table 9: Ward wise extent of Flood Susceptibility.......................................................................48
Table 10: Criteria for Drought Susceptibility Analysis.................................................................49
Table 11: Drought area of the Municipality..................................................................................49
Table 12: Stream Order Analysis..................................................................................................52
Table 13: Population Served by Roads..........................................................................................54
Table 14: List of the elected representatives in Khairahani municipality.....................................59
Table 15: Revenue projection for 15 years....................................................................................61
Table 16: Expenditure projection for 15 years..............................................................................62
Table 17: Strength Analysis of Khairahani Municipality..............................................................64
Table 18: Weakness Analysis of Khairahani Municipality...........................................................66
Table 19: Opportunities Analysis of Khairahani Municipality.....................................................67
Table 20: Threats Analysis of Khairahani Municipality...............................................................68

Table 21: Required number of facilities in Khairahani municipality............................................69
Table 22: Gap Analysis of the municipality..................................................................................71
Table 23:Result of DED selection of Khairahani Municipality....................................................79
Table 24: Summary cost of Drainage............................................................................................80
Table 25: Summary cost of river training......................................................................................81
Table 26: Feature and cost estimation of DED3............................................................................83
Table 27: Criteria for the site selection of the settlement area......................................................85
Table 28: Proposed land use area of Khairahani municipality......................................................86
Table 29: Logical Framework Approach(LFA) of water supply...................................................89
Table 30: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Drainage and Sewerage................................91
Table 31: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Solid Waste Management.............................93
Table 32: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Electricity and Communication....................95
Table 33: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Electricity and Communication....................97
Table 34: Proposed road class in Khairahani municipality...........................................................99
Table 35: Road surface type and its width of Khairahani municipality......................................103
Table 36: Logical Framework Approach(LFA) of urban transportation:....................................107
Table 37: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Education....................................................109
Table 38: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Health.........................................................110
Table 39: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Security.......................................................111
Table 40: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Culture and Sports......................................112
Table 41: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Parks and Open Space................................113
Table 42: Proposed service centers for the promotion of social Development Through IUDP. .114
Table 43: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Economic Plan............................................118
Table 44: Components of Tourism of Khairahani Municipality................................................120
Table 45: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Tourism Development................................121
Table 46: Five year Sectoral Plan of Khairahani Municipality...................................................124
Table 47: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) of Financial Plan.............................................128
Table 48: Logical framework Approach (LFA) of Environmental Management Plan...............132

Table 49: Logical framework Approach (LFA) of Disaster Risk Management Plan..................135
Table 50: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) Climate Change Adaptation Plan....................139
Table 51: Logical Framework Approach (LFA) for Institutional Development.........................140
Table 52: Major Projects of Line Agencies in the Municipality.................................................144
Table 53: Multi-Sector Investment Plan (MSIP).........................................................................146
Table 54: DED Selection Criteria................................................................................................185
List of Photos
Photo 1: Consultation with Municipal Authorities at Khairahani Municipality............................11
Photo 2: FGD at Ward Level of Khairahani Municipality............................................................12
List of Maps
Map 1: Modified Universal Transverse Project system of Nepal.................................................17
Map 2: High Resolution Satellite Image of Khairahani Municipality...........................................18
Map 3: Digitization of Satellite Image of Khairahani Municipality..............................................18
Map 4: Land use map of Khairahani Municipality........................................................................25
Map 5: Settlement pattern in Khairahani Municipality.................................................................26
Map 6: Settlement pattern of Khairahani.......................................................................................28
Map 7: Settlement pattern of Chainpur.........................................................................................28
Map 8: Settlement pattern of Kathar Bazar...................................................................................28
Map 9: Cultivation Land pattern of Kapiva...................................................................................29
Map 10: Cultivation Land pattern of Gauwa.................................................................................29
Map 11: Cultivation Land pattern of Siddhipur............................................................................29
Map 12: Forest pattern of Kathar...................................................................................................30
Map 13: Forest pattern of Simreni.................................................................................................30
Map 14: Forest pattern of Kankaidanda........................................................................................30
Map 15: Water body pattern of Patihani........................................................................................31
Map 16: Water body pattern of Kumroj 6.....................................................................................31

Map 17: Water body pattern of Kunaghari....................................................................................31
Map 18: Flood Prone zones of Khairahani Municipality.............................................................32
Map 19: Forest Fire Risk Zone of Khairahani Municipality.........................................................34
Map 20: Drought Risk Zone of Khairahani Municipality.............................................................35
Map 21: Map showing open spaces in Khairahani Municipality..................................................36
Map 22: Accessibility Map of Khairahani based on Health Infrastructures.................................38
Map 23: Accessibility Map based on Educational Infrastructures................................................39
Map 24: Road Inventory Map based on Road Class.....................................................................40
Map 25: Linkage Map showing Flow of Goods............................................................................41
Map 26: Linkage Map showing Flow of People...........................................................................41
Map 27: Suitable site for Settlement.............................................................................................43
Map 28:Waste Disposal Site Map.................................................................................................44
Map 29: Drainage Map of Khairahani Municipality.....................................................................45
Map 30: Watershed Map of Khairahani Municipality...................................................................46
Map 31: Suitable layout for Sewerage Network............................................................................47
Map 32: Flood Susceptibility Map................................................................................................48
Map 33: Drought Susceptibility Map...........................................................................................49
Map 34: Forest Fire Analysis of Khairahani Municipality............................................................50
Map 35: Stream Order Map...........................................................................................................51
Map 36: Water Buffer Map...........................................................................................................53
Map 37: Population Served by Roads...........................................................................................57
Map 38: Market Centre of Khairahani Municipality.....................................................................58
Map 40: DED1 – Road..................................................................................................................80
Map 41: DED2 – River Training...................................................................................................81
Map 42: DED 3- Road...................................................................................................................83
Map 43: Proposed land use map of Khairahani Municipality.......................................................86
Map 44: Suitable site for Settlement.............................................................................................87
Map 45: Proposed sewerage network map of Khairahani.............................................................90

Map 46: Proposed solid waste collection point and land fill site..................................................93
Map 47: Access to electricity facility in Khairahani municipality................................................95
Map 48: Access to telecommunication facility in Khairahani municipality.................................97
Map 49: Proposed road network and its class.............................................................................102
Map 50: Strategic road network map...........................................................................................102
Map 51: Road classification on the basis of existing surface type..............................................106
Map 52: Market center of Khairahni municipality......................................................................117
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Volume I-Main Report-Khairahani Municipality

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PROJECT INFORMATION

Name of the Project Consulting services for Preparation of Integrated Urban

Project Executing Agency Government of Nepal, Ministry of Urban Development

Name of the JV Consultant Naya Rastriya Engineering Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.-Moonlight

Project Commencement Date 2075-02-18

Projected Date of Completion 2075-11-17

Name of the Report Consulting services for Preparation of Integrated Urban

Volume Information Final Report

Date of Submission ………………………………………

Submission Type Hard Copy

Copies Produced 7 Copy

Official Stamp ……………….

This Final Report on preparation of Integrated Urban Development Plan of Khairahani

Detail engineering design of prioritized Major Projects: With consultation of local

BOOT Built Operate Own & Transfer

CHAPTER III: EXISTING SITUATION/STATUS................................................................22

CHAPTER-V: DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR MUNICIPALITY........................78

1.1 Background of Project

1.3 Understanding the Scope of Work

 Study and formulate a detailed plan for 5, 10 and 15 years.

 Conduct studies on existing social infrastructure

 Identify and assess critical, sensitive and other natural resources

 Verify Government, Guthi and Public Land

 Proposed Land Use Plan policy

 The planning and building By-laws include the following areas:

k) Minimum distance to be left on the both sides of stream/river

 Detailed engineering design; prepared for at least 2 prioritized projects in each

1.4 Expected Output

 Financial analysis and assessment of possible financial resources for the

Institutional Development Plan: Human resources development plan and organizational

 Decentralization, good governance and mobilization of people’s participation

Preparation of Base Map

Vol. I Vol. II Vol. III Vol. IV Vol. V

Main Municipal GIS Building

Figure 1: Flow chart of Structure of the report

2 CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY

2.1 Conceptual Framework

Figure 2: Methodological Flow Chart During IUDP Project

2.2 Field Team Mobilization

 Land use plan and building code sub-committee

Photo 1: Consultation with Municipal Authorities at Khairahani Municipality

PRA and FGDs at the Ward Level

Following participatory methods, it then collected physical environment, social, economic,

Photo 2: FGD at Ward Level of Khairahani Municipality

Key Informants Interviews (KIIs)

Figure 3: Spatial data of municipality

Non spatial data

Geographical Location: Khairahani is one of the developing Municipality lies in Chitwan

Parameters Estimated Values

Translation in X axis(m) 124.3813

Translation in Y axis(m) -521.6700

Translation in Z axis(m) -764.5137

Translation in X axis(sec) -17.1488

Translation in Y axis(sec) 8.11536

Translation in Z axis(sec) -11.1842

Scale factor (ppm) 2.1105

 Datum: Everest1830 Ellipsoid

Map 1: Modified Universal Transverse Project system of Nepal