LOVE EXPRESSION FOUND IN BREAKING DAWN MOVIE

by STEPHENIE MEYER: PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS

PUBLICATION ARTICLE

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department

by:
IRMA CANDRA HIKMAWATI
A320090166

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
 LOVE EXPRESSION FOUND IN BREAKING DAWN MOVIE
by STEPHENIE MEYER: PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS

by
Irma Candra Hikmawati
English Department, A320090166
Email: asharichandra@yahoo.co.id

ABSTRACK
Her research aims at clarifying the pragmalinguistic forms of love expressions,
clarifying the speaker intentions of love utterance, describing the speech acts of
love expression used in Breaking Dawn movie. The type of the research is
descriptive qualitative research. The object of this research is love expressions
used in Breaking Dawn (Romance film) directed by Stephenie Meyer. The data of
this research are sentences containing love expressions found in Breaking Dawn
movie by Stephenie Meyer. The researcher finds 28 love expressions in Breaking
Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer. This movie contains many dialogues especially
love expressions. The method of collecting data in this research are watching the
original Movie Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer, finding out love
expressions in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer, note talking all the
expression in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer, identifying the
pragmalinguistic forms of love expressions used in the movie, and re-typing all
the sentence containing love expression in the movie. The writer uses descriptive
interpretive to analyze the data of love expression in this movie. The techniques of
analysis are finding out love expressions in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie
Meyer, clarifying the pragmalinguistic forms in love expression, clarifying the
speaking intentions in love expression, and describing the speech acts found in
love expression in this movie. The result of the study has three findings. First, the
pragmalinguistic forms of the love are word and sentences (positive imperative,
declaration, interrogative, and exclamatory sentence). in pragmalinguistic form,
the researcher finds the types of love, they are romance, affection, and friendship
form. Second, the researcher finds speaker intention. They are fear of loosing,
showing attention, showing affection, complementing, expectation, happiness,
feel a pity, jealous, scared of being, and convince the bride. Third, the speech act
of love utterance. They are directives, commissives, expressives, and declaratives.
The researcher also finds the act of the speakers, they are requesting, information,
questioning, complimenting, promising, loving, and anger.

Key words: love expression, pragmalinguistic form, speech act.

A. Introduction

People can interact in the social life using language. With

communication, the understand each other very well. Actually, the

communication is not only spoken or written, but also action.

Relationships generally start with conversations. People sometimes

use the term „conversation‟ to mean any spoken interaction. “Conversation

refers to a time when two or more people have the right to talk or listen

without having to follow a fixed schedule, such as an agenda” (Arthur,2003:

5). In conversation everyone can have something to say and every one can

speak at any time.

In attempting to express themselves, people do not only produce

utterances containing grammatical structure and words, the perform action via

those utterance. “The speech act or acts performed in the utterance of a

sentence are in general a function of the meaning of the sentence” (Searle,

1968: 18). Then according to Jule in Fauziati (2009: 173) “speech act is

commonly given more specific labels, such as apology, complaint,

compliment, promise or request”.

One of the acts can be shown by means of love. According to Sheryl

Paul (2012) “Love is action. Love is tolerance. Love is learning your partner's

love language and then expressing love in a way that he can receive. Love is

giving. Love is receiving. Love is plodding through the slow eddies of a

relationship without jumping ship into another's churning rapids. Love is

recognizing that it's not your partner's job to make you feel alive, fulfilled, or

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complete; that's your job. And it's only when you learn to become the source

of your own aliveness and are living your life connected to the spark of

genius that is everyone's birthright can you fully love another”.

The researcher is interested in analyzing the linguistic form, the

function to love expression in the form of research entittled: Love Expression

found inBreaking Dawn Movie by Stephenie Meyer. Pragmatics Analysis.

B. Research Method

The data of this research are sentences containing love expressions

found in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer. The researcher finds 28

love expressions in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer. And the data

source used in this research is taken from Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie

Meyer.

In collecting the data, the researcher uses documentation as the

method of collecting the data in this research. The steps are as follows; 1)

Watching the original Movie Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer. 2)

Finding out love expressions in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer.

3) Note talking all the expression in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie

Meyer. 4) Identifying the pragmalinguistic forms of love expressions used in

the movie. 5) Re-typing all the sentence containing love expression in the

movie.

The writer uses descriptive interpretive to analyze the data of love

expression in the movie. The techniques of analysis are: 1) Clarifying the

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pragmalinguistic forms in love expression. 2) Clarifying the speaking

intentions in love expression. 3) Describing the speech acts found in love

expression.

C. Finding and Discussion.

Research finding presents the answer of the research question in this

study. The research question relates to the pragmalinguistics form of love

utterance, the speaker‟s intention in love utterance, and the speech act in love

utterance used in the movie. The explanation of each component will be

discussed below:

1. The Pragmalinguistic Form

Pragmalinguistics is the study of “particular resources which a

given language provides for conveying illocutions” (linguistic actions)

(Leech, 1983,p. 11). Pragmalinguistics is a branch of pragmatics in

linguistic study. Pragmalinguistics (linguistic pragmatics, pragmatic

linguistics, internal pragmatics) concerns primarily on the study of

linguistic phenomena from the point of view of their usage. According to

Cenzo (2007) “Pragmalinguistics refers to the ability use linguistic

elements to perform speech acts”. Beside the form of love, the

researcher wants to elaborate the word and sentence.

a. Word Level

In Breaking Dawn movie, the researcher found many words

which are dominantly produced by the participant. They have many

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variation of the word to show the expressions of love. The

researcher found that love mostly use specific words to produce a

love. To express a love, the participants of this movie use dominant

words. They are: love you, marry you, miss you, need you, be

careful.Below are some examples:

1) This event shows the conversation between Edward and Bella.

Edward had been waiting a century to marry Bella. They feel

very happy because on the last day they will get married.

Edward uses dominant word that usually used in expression of

love.

Edward : I was just checking for cold feet.

Bella : Well, mine are toasty warm.
Edward : It‟s not too late to change your mind.
Bella :What?Now you‟re having second
thoughts?
Bella : You are
Edward : No, I‟ve been waiting a century to marry
you, Miss Swan.

2) The conversation occurs among Priest, Edward, and Bella in

wedding. They (Edward and Bella) uttered a pledge of

marriage to love each other in front of the Priest. Then Edward

and Bella showed their love utterance.

Priest : Ladies and gentlemen, we are gathered

here on this glorious day.
Priest : to witness the union of Edward Cullen and
Bella Swan.
Priest : Please repeat after me. I, Edward Cullen.
Take you, Bella Swan.
Edward : Take you, Bella Swan. To have and to
hold.

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 Edward : To have and to hold.
Bella : For better or for worse.
Edward : For richer, for poorer.
Bella : In sickness and in health.
Edward : To love.
Bella : To cherish.
Edward : As long as we both shall live. I do.
Bella : I love you.

3) The location of this conversation is in the party. Bella would

go honeymoon with Edward. She asked permission to her

mother (Renee) after the wedding. They grieved of being apart

for long time and they would miss each other. Her mother

(Renee) said that she loved her and Bella did too.

Renee : Take care of yourself

Bella : I will
Renee : Okay
Renee : I love you, Bella.
Bella : I love you
Renee : So much
Bella : thank you

4) This event showed conversation between Jacob (Bella‟s friend)

and Bella Swan. Bella tells Jacob to be careful when bringing

the motorcycle.

Jacob : When do we star?

Bella : Now.
Jacob : Please? All right.
Bella : Oh, hey, be careful. Thus things are
actually really heavy,
so . .
Bella : Jake, you‟re, like, buff.

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 5) The conversation is between Jacob and Bella in theater movie.

Bella assumed that Jacob is her best friend and she needed

Jacob to protect her.

Jacob : What? I can‟t hold your hand?

Bella : No, of course you can. I just think it means,
you know, something a little different to
you. So . . .
Jacob : Okay, well, tell me something. You like
me, right?And you think I‟m sort of
beautiful.
Bella : Jacob, please, don‟t do this.
Jacob : Why?
Bella : Because you‟re about to ruin everything.
And I need you.
Jacob : Well, I‟ve got loads of time. I‟m not gonna
giveup. I don‟t want you to.

b. Sentence Level

The participants are not only produce the same love

expressions but also shows the variation expressions of love. They

produce the expression like declarative, interrogative, imperative

and exclamatory.Theresearcher presents the example below:

1) The conversation take place the Bella‟s bed room, Renee

(Bella‟s mother) complimented his daughter that she looked

very beautiful. She used declaration sentence to produce love

expression.

Renee : Alice? Bella?

Bella : In here, Mom.
Renee : Oh, my gosh!
Renee : You’re so beautiful.
Renee : Oh, honey.

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2) The conversation show that Bella was jealous to Edward. It

happened when he would come to the party with his friend.

Bella asked Edward if there were strippers in the party. She

used interrogative sentence to produce the love expression.

Bella : Will there be strippers?

Edward : No, just a couple of mountain lions.
Edward‟s friend : Don‟t worry, Bella, we‟ll give him
back in plenty of time.

3) The conversation below was between Bella and Alice (Bella‟s

friend) in terrace house. Alice tells Bella that she wants Bella

to go home and get lots of beauty sleep.

Alice : You, go home and get lots of beauty

sleep.
Alice : That‟s an order
Bella : Okay

4) The conversation take place in the Cullen family house. Jacob

is angry of Bella‟s condition. He loves Bella. He asks Cullen

family to do something for Bella‟s safety.

Carlisle Cullen : Ultrasounds and needles won‟t

penentrate and embryonic sac.
Alice : I can‟t see it, either. And I can‟t see
Bella‟s future anymore.
Carlisle : We‟ve been researching legends,
but there isn‟t much to go on. What
we do know is that it‟s strong. And
fast growing.
Jacob : Why haven‟t you done anything?
Take it out of her!
Rose : This is none of your business, dog.

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 The result of Linguistic Form in general are shown in table 1:

Table 1

Linguistic Form of Love

No Linguistic Form Name Amount

1 Word level Love you 6

Marry you / me 2

Need you 2

Careful 2

To love 1

2 Sentence level Positive imperative 9

Declaration 4

Interrogative 1

Exclamatory 1

2. The Speaker’s Intention

Speaker‟s intention or the illocutionary force of a speech act is

the effect a speech act is intended to have by a speaker. The researcher

only finds 10 speaker‟s intention from the movie. They are fear of

loosing, showing attention, showing affection, complementing,

expectation, happiness, feel a pity, jealous, scared of being, convince the

bride. Below is the explanation:

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a. Fear of Loosing

It happen in a conversation when Jacob says to Carlisle

Cullen (Edward‟s father). Jacob says to Carlisle why haven‟t he

done anything to Bella.

Carlisle : We‟ve been researching legends, but there

isn‟t much to go on. What we do know is
that it‟s strong. And fastgrowing.
Jacob : Why haven’t you done anything? Take it
out of her!

b. Showing attention

This conversation happened between Alice and Bella in

front of house. Alice tells to Bella to go home and get lots of

beauty sleep. Because tomorrow she will married with Edward.

Alice : You, go home and get lots of beauty

sleep.
Alice : That‟s an order
Bella : Okay

c. Showing affection

The conversation happened between Bella and her mother

(Renee) in the party. Bella will go honeymoon with Edward. She

asked permission to her mother (Renee) after the wedding. They

grieved of being apart for long time and they would miss each

other. Her mother (Renee) said that she loved her also Bella did.

Renee : Take care of yourself

Bella : I will
Renee : Okay
Renee : I love you, Bella.
Bella : I love you
Renee : So much
Bella : thank you

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d. Complementing

The conversation between Bella and her mother (Renee) in

the make up room. Renee was amazed to see beauty of bella after

make up. Then Renee complemented his daughter that looks very

beautiful.

Renee : Alice? Bella?

Bella : In here, Mom.
Renee : Oh, my gosh!
Renee : You’re so beautiful.
Renee : Oh, honey.

e. Expectation

The conversation between Edward and Bella in bedroom.

Edward said that he needs Bella in his life. He was fear to lossing

Bella because he loved Bella.

Edward : I need you, to have a chance at a normal,

happy life.
Bella : It was so easy for you to leave.
Edward : Leaving you was the hardest thing I‟ve
done in 100 years.
f. Happiness

The conversation below is between Edward and Bella.

Edward tells his feelings that he is very happy after waiting so

long to marry with Bella. Finally they get married though they

have different world.

Edward : I was just checking for cold feet.

Bella : Well, mine are toasty warm.
Edward : It‟s not too late to change your mind.
Bella : What? Now you‟re having second
thoughts?
Bella : You are
Edward : No, I’ve been waiting a century to marry
you,Miss Swan.

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g. Feel a pity

The conversation is between Edward and Bella. Bella loves

the baby because the baby is happy. Bella feels sorry for the baby

because the first baby will be aborted. But Bella choses to take

care of the baby. And to this day her baby is happy with Bella.

Edward : Just say something else.

Bella : Like what? Edward, what‟s going on?
Edward : He likes the sound of your voice.
Bella : You can hear him?
Edward : In mind. He likes my voice as well.
Bella : What? What do you hear?
Edward : It‟s so strange. I thought he was like me,
but he‟s not. He‟s like you. Good and pure.
He‟s happy.
Bella :Of course you are. Of course you‟re happy.
How could you not be? I love you so
much.What do you hear now?
Edward : He loves you, Bella.
Bella : Oh, my gosh

h. Jealous

The conversation are among Edward, Bella, and Edward‟s

friend. Edward will come to the party with his friend. He asks for

Bella is permission. Bella asks whether there will be strippers.

Because she was jealous with strippers.

Bella : Will there be strippers?

Edward : No, just a couple of mountain lions.
Edward‟s friend : Don‟t worry, Bella, we‟ll give him
back in plentyof time.

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i. Scared of being

The conversation is between Bella and Edward. Edward is

afraid of losing Bella. He is disappointed because can not save

Bella and their baby. He can‟t live without Bella. He loves him

very much.

Bella : Edward, I‟m sorry.

Edward : I can’t live without you.
Edward : You won‟t. You‟re gonna have a part of
me.
Edward : He‟ll need you

j. Convince the bride

The conversation happens in wedding. Edward and bella

stand in front of the priest. They are standing to uttered a pledge

of marriage.

Priest : Ladies and gentlemen, we are gathered

here on this glorious day.
Priest : to witness the union of Edward Cullen and
Bella Swan.
Priest : Please repeat after me. I, Edward Cullen.
Take you, Bella Swan.
Edward : Take you, Bella Swan. To have and to
hold.
Edward : To have and to hold.
Bella : For better oor for worse.
Edward : For richer, for poorer.
Bella : In sickness and in health.
Edward : To love.
Bella : To cherish.
Edward : As long as we both shall live. I do.
Bella : I love you.

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 The result of the speaker‟s intention shown in table 2:

The Speaker‟s Intention

Data
Speech Acts Intentions Quanty
Number
Love Fear of loosing 8, 12, 14, 16, 9
Utterances 17, 18, 20,
25, and 26
Showing attention 1, 13, 19, 21, 5
and 22
Showing affection 6, 7, 10, and 4
23
Complementing 4 and 24 2
Expectation 27 and 28 2
Happiness 2 1
Feel a pity 11 1
Jealous 3 1
Scared of being 9 1
Convince the bride 5 2
Total 28

3. The Speech acts

Speech act theory focuses on communicative acts, which are

performed through speech”. The researcher finds 4 types of speech acts

in love utterance from this movie. They are directives, commissives,

expressives, and declaratives. Besides on the speech act, the researcher

also finds 7 the acts of the speakers in love expression from this movie.

They are requesting, information, questioning, complimenting,

promising, loving, and anger. Below is the explanation:

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 The Speech Acts

Types of
No The Act Data Number Frequency
Speech Act

1 Directives Requesting 1, 8, 17, 18, 19, and 23 6

2 Commissives Promising 13, 22, and 26 3

Requesting 28 1

3 Expressives Loving 10, 11, 14, 15, 20, and, 21 6

Anger 9 1

4 Declaratives Complimenting 4, 12, 24, and 25 4

Questioning 3 1

Promising 5 1

Loving 6 and 7 2

Information 2 and 16 2

Requesting 27 1

Total 28

D. Conclusion

The clear description of Love expressions in Breaking Dawn movie

are as follows:

1. The Pragmalinguistic Forms

The dominant words used are (love you, marry you, miss you,

need you, be careful). Then they produce the expression of love in various

sentences like positive imperative, declarative, interrogative, and

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exclamatory sentence. Beside, the researcher finds the form in word and

sentence. She also clarifies the form of love. There are three forms of love

utterance in Breaking Dawn Movie, there are affection form, friendship

form, and romance form. Although the data are movie and the data

analyzing is love utterance, it is understandable that mostly; the form of

love utterances are affection, friendship, and romance forms. It means that

the characteristics will not use „i love you‟ to deliver love utterance. The

characteristics can show and deliver love utterance by using other word.

2. The Speaker’s Intention

The speaker‟s intention of Breaking Dawn Movie the data are

analyzed using speech act theory. The speech act theory is as the

instrument to analyse and discuss the speaker‟s intention of Breaking

Dawn Movie. The writer found the intention of speaker from speech acts

analysis such as showing attention, happiness, jealous, complementing,

convince the bride, giving affection, fear of losing, scare of being, and feel

a pity.

3. The Speech Acts

Speech act theory focuses on communicative acts, which are

performed through speech”. The researcher finds 4 types of speech acts in

love utterance from this movie. They are directives, commissives,

expressives, and declaratives. Besides on the speech act, the researcher

also finds 7 the acts of the speakers in love expression from this movie.

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 They are requesting, information, questioning, complimenting, promising,

loving, and anger.

According to the research findings in chapter four, so the

researcher concludes briefly of the research. Love expressions have many

choices which used to produce the love. The speaker has many intentions

to the love expression. The love expressions have many acts to produce

the love.

E. Bibliography

Arthur, Lois et al. 2003. Conversation. New York: Oxfort University Press.

Fauziati, Endang. 2009. Reading on Applied Linguistics. Surakarta:

EkaPustaka Utama.

Searle, John R. 1968. Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress.

Halliday, M. 2005. On Grammar. New York: Continuum.

Srijono, Joko. 2006. An Introductory Course of Linguistics. Surakarta

Muhammadiyah University Press.

Katamba, Francis. 1997. English Word. New York: Routledge.

Leech, Geofferey. 1993. Prinsip-prinsip Pragmatik. Jakarta: Penerbit

Universitas Indonesia penerjemah Dr. M. D. D. Oka, M. A.

Levinson, Stephen. 1983. Pragmatics. London: Cambridge University Press.

Fromkin, Victoria, and David Blair & Petter Collins. 1999. An Introduction to
Language. London. Harcuort.

Yule, George. 2006. The Study of Language. London. Cambridge University

Press.

Searly. JR, Kiefer, F &Bierwisch, M. 1980. Speech Act Theory and

Pragmatics. Synthese Language Library, Dordrecht: Riedel.

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Peceei, Jean Still Well. 1999. Pragmatics. London and New York: Routledge.

Nordquist, Richard. 2011. Grammar and Competition.

http://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/clauseterm.htm. Accessed July 5,
2013.at 8 p.m.

Wheeler. 2013. http://web.co.edu/kwheeler/gram_clauses_n_phrases.html.

Accessed July 5, 2013. 8.30 p.m.

http://thoughtcatalog.com/2011/this-is-love/. Accessed July 10, 2013.at 10

p.m.

Illocutionary force - definition and examples of illocutionary

force.http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/illocutionaryforceterm.htm.
Accessed October 11, 2013.at 8 p.m.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Four_Loves.Accessed July 10, 2013.at 10

p.m

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