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CHAPTER III

Research Methodology

This chapter Ddiscussinges the research design and procedures used to conduct

thee study, this chapter . It consists of the study population, the sampling scheme, the

data gathering procedures, the data analysis, the statistical treatment of data, and the

research instrument.

Research Method Used

Mixed methods research is a methodology for conducting research that

involves collecting, analyzing and integrating quantitative and qualitative research. This

approach to research is used when this integration provides a better understanding of

the research problem than either of each alone.

Qualitative Research is used to gain an understanding ofgrasp underlying

reasons, opinions, and motivations of the respondents at thein Bistekville 1. It provides

insights into the research problems andor helps to develop ideas and to testor

hypotheses for potential quantitative research.

Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by way of generating

numerical data or data thatwhich can be transformed into usable statistics. In this study,

The researchers used a Kano analysis, Profile the demographic profile of the

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respondents which includes the(i.e., age, civil status, gender, the number of family

member, and income), and lastly the self-stated importance rating have been used..

Study Population and Sampling Scheme

Respondents have been are selected according to the needs of the study. People

living in Bistekville 1, Barangay Payatas, Quezon City are the primary respondents of

the study.

Currently, in Bistekville 1, Barangay Payatas Quezon City, there has now 334

households units within their community. The researcher used all the 183 household as

their respondents., only 183 of which have been used in this study.

To determine the optimal sampling size for this studyIt applies to the study by

getting the sample size in the given population.Using Slovin’s Formula, researchers will

determine the optimal sample size that will be used for acquiring certain datahave used

Slovin’s formula below:.

Formula:

N
n=
1+ N e 2

Where:

n = number of sample

N = total population

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e = margin of error

Solution:
334
n= 2
=182 RESPONDENTS
1+334 (0.05)

Respondents of the Study

In this study, The respondents are the refer to people who frequently use tables,

chairs, drawing table and cabinet in line with this the residents ofin Bistekville 1-

Housing Authority.

will serve as the respondents of the study.

1. Households

The target respondents are the householdshomeowners within in Bistekville 1- Housing

Authority

2. Family Income

The target respondent will have been be asked offor their monthly income in order for

the researchers to know if they are capable to afford and buy the product.

3. Location (within  Bistekville 1- Housing Authority)

The target respondents will be drawn from withinare all from Bistekville 1-

Homeowners Association, and theiris location serves as the population of the study.

Culiat
Baesa
Sangandaan

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Research Instrument

Survey Questionnaire

A sSurvey qQuestionnaire is a research instrument which consistss of a

series of questions to gatheraimed at gathering information that is needed to

your studies/ researchin a study or research. The research used in this kind of

instrument to gather information/ data that needed in our studies/research, our

survey questionnaire is consist of series of question about to our proposed

product which is “El Spacio”.

Part 1: The researchers gather personal data from the household.

Part 2: The researchers use Kano Analysis Questionnaire to know the needed

data to create furniture.

Part 3: The specific data out of Survey Questionnaire with the use of legends to

analyze the needed data.

Interview

An Interview is the verbal conversation between two people with the

objective is to gather relevant information that helps the researcher to solve the

specific problem in the studies/ research. The researcher apply this instrument

by face-face talk and by a giving them a survey questionnaire to gather relevant

data that can help to our studies/research.

Observation

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An Observation is a systematic data collection approach. Many

researchers use this kind of instrument to examine people in natural way or

naturally occurring situations. The research a visual observation to gather

information about to our studies/ research that can help to solve our problem.

KANO Model analysis

It was created in the early 80’s by Japan’s professor Noriaki Kano, but

continues today to be an essential tool for all organizations independent of

industry or size. There are 5 categories of customer requirements are classified

depending on their ability to create customer satisfaction or cause dissatisfaction

through performance, basic, excitement, indifferent and reverse. Knowing what

category customer requirements fall into and the importance of each

requirement can help prioritize development activities and determine what to

include in your offering and where to spend resources improving these

requirements.

Dysfunctional
(feature absent)
Functional

(feature

Like Expect Don't Like

Dislike
it it Care With
Like it Q A A A P
Expect it R I I I M
Don't R I I I M

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Care
Live
R I I I M

present)
With
Dislike R R R R Q

Kano Analysis Rating

One-Dimensional- these requirements are satisfiers. Customer satisfaction

Must-be- other product features are simply expected by Customers.

Attractive- these are unexpected features which, when presented, might cause a

positive reaction.

Indifferent- are those who don’t make a real difference in their reactions to the

product.

Customer Satisfaction Index

Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) is a universal analytic tool

designated for measuring customer satisfaction with a product, service, or

a company as a whole. It helps to find the reasons of customer’s

satisfaction or dissatisfaction. It is used to measure the customer’s

satisfaction as regards the product of the researchers’.

Formula:

A+ O
A +O+ M + I

Where:

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A =Attractive

O = One Dimensional

M = Must Be

I = Indifferent

Customer Dissatisfaction Index

Customer Dissatisfaction Index is used to measure the

dissatisfaction of the customer with the product.

Formula:

(−1 ) ( M +O)
A +O+ M + I

Where:

A =Attractive

O =One Dimensional

M =Must Be

I =Indifferent

-1 = Constant

Average Satisfaction Coefficient of Customer

The Average Satisfaction Coefficient (ASC) determine the

performance of quality attributes developed another model that averages the sum

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of the absolute value of both the positive CS-coefficient (SI) and the negative

CS-coefficient (DI) to obtain average satisfaction coefficient (ASC).

Formula:
SI +|−DI|
2

Self-Stated Importance (IMP)

Self-stated importance is a self-reported importance. It is a

direct method where requirements importance is captured directly from

customers using a scale (Pezeshki et al. 2009). In the stated importance

method, users or customers are asked to rate the importance of the

requirement, attribute or feature on a Likert scales typically ranging from

“not important at all” to “very important”. Self-stated importance can be

measured using an easy method that uses questionnaire that is designed

using 7-point Likert-type scale that ranges from 1-totally unimportant to

7- very important. Solve the Self-stated importance (IMP) to get

weighted mean.

Data Gathering Procedure

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After selecting and finalizing the tools for data collection, the researcher visited

The location for the study. Subsequently, the Researchers discussed in detail about this

research with his members and sought the permission for the barangay for collecting

the necessary data and the subjects (Households in the location) were explained about

the nature and purpose of the study

Step 1. The researchers get a letter from school to grant permission for survey at

the selected location

Step 2.The researchers will conduct a research and go to barangay for the

population of the selected location

Step 3. The researchers will request for the number of household in the location

Step 4. The researchers will analyze the gathered data.

Step 5. The researchers will compute for the needed samples

Step 6. The researchers will use Survey questionnaire equipped with Kano

Analysis to gather data for their demands

Step 7. The researchers will now assess the data from the survey questionnaire

Step 8. The researchers will now start the survey from the chosen location

Step 9: The researchers will explain the instructions of each questionnaire used

in the study were made clear.

Step 10. The researchers start to tally the data.

Statistical Treatment of Data

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The data gathered in the study were arranged and classified based on the design

and type of questions that are formulated. The data were tallied, tabulated, and arranged

for presentation and interpretation of result.

1. Percentage

A percentage frequency distribution is a display of data that specifies

the percentage of observations that exist for each data point or grouping of data

points. It is a particularly useful method of expressing the relative frequency of

survey responses and other data.

To calculate percentage decrease: First: work out the difference

(decrease) between the two numbers you are comparing. Then: divide the

decrease by the original number and multiply the answer by 100. If your answer

is a negative number then this is a percentage increase.

2. Frequency distribution

A frequency distribution is an orderly arrangement of data classified

according to the magnitude of the observations. When the data are grouped into

classes of appropriate size indicating the number of observations in each class

we get a frequency distribution. By forming frequency distribution, we can

summarize the data effectively. It is a method of presenting the data in a

summarized form.

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Relative frequency = frequency ÷ number of observations

Relative frequency formula

3. Regression and Correlation

Regression is a technique for determining the statistical relationship

between two or more variables where a change in a dependent variable is

associated with, and depends on, a change in one or more independent variables.

Y = a + Bx

Regression formula

Correlation is the mutual relationship or connection between two or more

things.

r =n ¿ ¿

Correlation formula

4. Weighted Mean

It was used to determine the average responses of the different options provided in

the various parts of the survey questionnaire used. The method is used in conjunction

with Likert Scale.

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Formula for the weighted mean:

n

∑ ( x i∗wi )
i=1
Weighted mean (X̅) = n

∑ wi
i=1

Where: X̅ = Weighted mean

Xi = Value of any particular measurement

Wi = Corresponding weight

Likert Scale
4.50 - 5.00 Very Important

3.50 - 4.49 Moderately Important

2.50 - 3.49 Neutral

1.50 - 2.49 Moderately Unimportant

1.00 - 1.49 Unimportant

5. Analysis of Variance

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With the use of this technique we can conclude and verify the significance

of different factors and variables of the data’s, such as time, temperature and other

noise factors that vaguely affects the main respondents as well.

One-way ANOVA

One-way ANOVA is used to determine if there is any significant

difference between the means of groups of data, whether difference exist

between two or more population means. The technique analysed the variance of

the data to determine whether we can infer that the population means differ.

Calculations:

TOTAL df = N-1

GROUP df = k-1

ERROR df = N-k

Table 1. All the above equations are used in the ANOVA calculations.

Source of Degrees of Sum of Squares Mean Square (MS) F

Variation Freedom (df) (SS)
Between SSB=∑ n j ¿ ¿ ¿ SSB MSB
k-1 MSB= F=
Treatments k−1 MSE
Error (or SSE=∑ ∑ ¿ ¿¿ ¿ MSE
Residuals)
N-k MSE= -
N −k
SST =∑ ∑ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
TOTAL N-1 - -

Where,  

X = individual observation,

x́ j  = sample mean of the jth treatment (or group),

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x́= overall sample mean,

k = the number of treatments or independent comparison groups, and

N = total number of observations or total sample size.

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