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How To Answer Problematic Questions
How To Answer Problematic Questions
How To Answer Problematic Questions
I – Issues
L – Law
A – Application
C – Conclusion
First identify the legal issues. These should be stated briefly in one sentence.
There is no need to enlarge on the issues, as this will be done in the application
section.
Secondly, take each issue in turn and set out the relevant law relating to that
issue. All relevant cases and statutory provisions should be mentioned. It is not
necessary to give the facts of every case. The most important thing to set out is the
legal principle decided in that case.
Next, the law should be applied to the facts of the problem question. This may be
done immediately after you have set out the relevant law on each issue, or you may
wait until you have set out the law on all the issues, as has been done below. There is
no need to repeat the legal principles set out in the relevant law section.
Finally, state your conclusions. Again, there is no need to repeat what you have
already set out in the previous sections. The conclusion should be brief. If there is
more than one possible conclusion, set them all out
SAMPLE QUESTION:
Mastura had a window shopping in an antique shop. She was then attracted to a vase
at the price of RM150. She wished to buy the vase and brought it to the cashier for
payment. Unfortunately, by the time she was about to pay, she found out that her
wallet was not in her handbag. Mastura tried to cancel her purchase but the cashier
alleged that Mastura was already bound to the contract with them and was therefore
liable to pay for it.
Advise Mastura.
SAMPLE ANSWER:
ISSUE :
Permasalahan yg timbul dalam soalan. Atau juga isu apa yg kita nak tau
daripada permasalahan Mastura
Contoh issue dalam kes Mastura (mempunyai 2 pilihan untuk menulis issue):
APPLICATION :
Application adalah cadangan untuk menyelesaikan masalah Mastura. Ini
bermakna, application adalah solution. Kita perlu beritahu mastura apa yang
dia perlu buat.
Secara tak langsung, ianya menjawab ISSUE yang dah tanya atas tadi.
Contohnya, dalam kes Mastura ni, kita akan beritahu Mastura sama ada dah
ada kontrak ke belum dalam kes dia ni, dah ada offer tak, ke cuma baru ada
ITT je, mestikah Mastura membayar harga barang tersebut, boleh ke Mastura
saman kedai tu. Kita akan beritahu jawapannya, dengan merujuk kepada
penghujahan dalam LAW yang kita dah tulis diatas tadi.
Dalam pada kita memberi solution kepada Mastura, kita tak bolehlah bagitau
begitu sahaja. Kita kan belajar law (kena act macam lawyer). Kita kena
support jawapan kita tadi dengan authority, iaitu kes dan seksyen yang
support statement kita tadi.
Kes dan seksyen yang dirujuk, mesti lah yang kita dah cerita detail pada
LAW tadi. Contohnya kes Mastura ni pasal display of goods, jadiknya, kita
kenalah tulis kes atau seksyen yang berkenaan dengan tajuk display yang kita
dah cerita panjang lebar dalam LAW tadi.
Untuk seksyen, takde masalah, tulis macam biasa, seksyen berapa dan akta
apa.
Untuk kes, kita hanya dihendaki tulis nama kes dan penghakiman (court
held) dia sahaja. Faktanya tak payah tulis sebab, fakta nya kita dah cerita
panjang lebar dalam LAW tadi.
Lepas kita tulis seksyen dan kes, kita apply lah kisah Mastura tadi dalam
penghakiman kes tadi. Lihat ‘contoh application dalam kes Mastura’.
Dalam erti kata lain, kita kena sama kan apa yang hakim cakap dalam kes
yang kita tulis dalam LAW tu dengan peristiwa Mastura ni. Kita bagitau
Mastura apa nak buat dengan merujuk kepada kes dan seksyen dalam LAW
tadi.
Jadi secara ringkasnya, application mesti ada 2 benda, iaitu solution kepada
Mastura dan authority
Application dalam kes Mastura
As we refer to the case of Mastura, we may say that there was no contract yet between
the seller and her. Mastura also neither bound to enter into the contract nor pay for the
goods. It is because there was no offer in her situation. The only matter that happen is
only invitation of treat done by the seller.
We can apply the decision of court in the case of Pharmaceutical Society of Great
Britain vs Boots Cash Chemist Ltd whereby the court held that display of goods is
only ITT and not an offer. The offer is only happen when the customer picks the
goods, bring to the counter and making the payment. Once the seller accept the
payment, he is said to make an acceptance.
The court also decided the same judgment in second case, namely in the case of
Fisher vs Bell by uphold the principle that display of flick knives in glass window is
only ITT. By these two authority, again, we may say that there was no contract
between Mastura and the seller
CONCLUSION :
Beri conclusion pasal kisah si Mastura
contoh conclusion dalam kes Mastura
As to conclude this case, we can say that Mastura need not to pay the price of the
goods since the contract is yet to happen. The only matter that happen is only
invitation of treat done by the seller. Mastura also neither bound to enter into the
contract nor pay for the goods. It is because there was no offer in her situation