Project Management

By
Yasser Elfahham, PhD
Lecturer, Alexandria University, Structural Engineering Dep.
E- MAIL: yelfahham@yahoo.com

Chapter (1) Introduction

1 Dr.Yasser Elfahham
 COURSE DESCRIPTION & TOPICS:
1) Introduction to Construction Management
2) Project Planning & Scheduling
3) Critical Path Method (CPM)
4) Resource Management
5) Cost Management
6) Contracting

2 Dr.Yasser Elfahham
 Course Resources:

 Construction Project Management, 1st ed. Yasser Elfahham

 Lectures, Sheets & slides
 External resources. E.g. Dennis lock (2007) Project
Management in Construction. 9th edition

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 ‫ادارة ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﯿﯿﺪ‬

• Project management is: “application of

knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques
(processes) to project activities to meet the
project requirements”
• project management aims to study, plan,
manage, and control projects effectively during
all project phases
• It is the art of getting things done.
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 Project Management Objectives:
PM aims to complete the project;
On time Minimize

On budget Minimize

Satisfy target quality

Satisfy project objectives
Meet customers' expectations.
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 ‫)‪Project management knowledge area (PMBOK‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎﻻت وﻓﺮوع ادارة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ادارة ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ووﺻﻔﺔ و ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ أھﺪاﻓﺔ ‪1. Project scope management‬‬
‫أدارة وﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ‪2. Project time management‬‬
‫ادارة ﻣﻮارد اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎم وﻋﻤﺎل و ﻣﻌﺪات ‪3. Project Resource management‬‬
‫ادارة وﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﯿﻒ وﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻨﻘﺪي واﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﯿﻒ ‪4. Project cost management‬‬
‫ادارة اﻟﺠﻮدة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع ‪5. Project quality management‬‬
‫ادارة اﻹﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﯿﻦ أطﺮاف اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪6. Project communications management‬‬
‫ادارة اﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ‪7. Project Risk management‬‬
‫ادارة اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﯾﺎت واﻟﻌﻄﺎءات واﻟﻌﻘﻮد اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺤﺘﺎﺟﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ‪8. Project Procurement management‬‬
‫ادارة أطﺮاف اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ وﻣﻘﺎول وﻣﮭﻨﺪس وﺧﻼﻓﺔ ‪9. Project stakeholder management‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت و ﻓﺮوع ادارة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪10. Project Integration management‬‬

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 Project Time Schedule using primavera P6

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Impact of poor Project Management
Bad quality products
Project failure (e.g. pavement settlement)
Rework
Loss of project scope
Loss of information
Delays and cost overruns
Higher Disputes between construction parties
Confusion and conflicts
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 Impact of poor Project Management

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 ‫?‪What is a project‬‬
‫‪•A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service.‬‬
‫)‪(PMBOK‬‬
‫‪•The project has a definite beginning and end.‬‬
‫‪•The project is unique‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻟﻤﮭﺎم و اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬھﺎ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻣﺤﺪد و ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة‬
‫ﺑﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ ھﺪف ﻣﻌﯿﻦ و ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻮارد‪ .‬واﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ وﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ وﻛﻞ ﻣﺸﺮوع ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻏﯿﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ واﻟﺤﺠﻢ واﻷھﺪاف واﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﯿﻒ وﺧﻼﻓﺔ‬
‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﺸﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﺘﺸﯿﯿﺪ‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺮوع إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺤﻄﺔ طﺎﻗﺔ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫ب‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺮوع إﻧﺸﺎء طﺮﯾﻖ أو ﻛﻮﺑﺮي‬
‫ج‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺮوع إﻧﺸﺎء ﻗﺮﯾﺔ ﺳﯿﺎﺣﯿﺔ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﻟﯿﮭﺎت و اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء واﻟﻄﺮق و اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻷﺧﺮي‬

‫?‪What is an activity‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎط ھﻮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وھﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﯾﺘﻢ إﻧﺠﺎزة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وﯾﺤﺘﺎج ﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫وﻣﻮارد وﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻔﺮ – اﻟﺮدم – اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ – اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ – اﻷرﺿﯿﺎت – اﻟﺒﯿﺎض ‪...... -‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪Dr.Yasser Elfahham‬‬
 The Relationships Among Portfolios, Programs, and Projects

Program: A program is a collection of related or similar projects that

have a single focused objective.
Portfolio: A collection of programs, projects managed as a group.

Portfolio Top Mang.

Program 1 Program 2 Projects

Middle Mang.

Project A Project B ….. Project 1 Project 2

Dr.Yasser Elfahham Lower Mang.

11
 management skills

Management Skills includes; 4. Delegation

1. Planning 5. Problem-solving
2. Communication 6. Motivating
3. Decision-making 7.Strategic Thinking

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 Responsibilities of project manager ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻟﯿﺎت ﻣﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
The Project Manager is the person how leads and manages the project
team to achieve the project objectives, with authority and responsibility
to run the project on a day-to-day basis.
He must have the technical and Communication skills needed. The
following are key Responsibilities and skills of project manager .

1. Planning ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ وﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻷوﻟﻮﯾﺎت واﻟﻤﮭﺎم ووﺿﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﻂ‬

2. Team building ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ و ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻤﮭﺎم ﺑﺄﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة واﻟﻘﺪرة‬
3. Facilitating ‫ﺗﺴﮭﯿﻞ ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ وﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ اﻻﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻹﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
4. Motivation ‫ﺗﺸﺠﯿﻊ ﻓﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
5. Decision making ‫اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﻘﺮارات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
6. Organizing ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺳﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ واﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ‬
7. Directing ‫ﺗﻮﺟﯿﺔ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻧﺤﻮ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ وﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﺪﻋﻢ و اﻟﻤﺸﻮرة ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻠﺰوم‬
8. monitoring overall progress ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺳﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
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 1.Technical Skills
Technical skills are the abilities and knowledge needed to perform specific tasks.
They are the education, practical, and experiences needed to perform works
correctly and efficiently. It involves making, operating and using tools, machines
,techniques, designs, software, etc.
2. Conceptual Skills
These involve the skills managers present in terms of the knowledge and ability for
abstract thinking and formulating ideas. The manager is able to see an entire
concept, analyze a problem, and find creative solutions. This helps the manager to
effectively predict hurdles their department or the business may face.
3. Human or Interpersonal Skills
The human or the interpersonal skills are the skills that present the managers’ ability
to interact, work or relate effectively with people. These skills enable the managers
to make use of human potential in the company and motivate the employees for
better results.

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 Types of construction projects
1. Residential Building
Include: homes, apartments, and low and high-rise buildings
Most common type of construction
Funded by individual owners for their own use or by developers for profit
The builder or the owner can design

2. Non-Residential Building
Include: commercial, educational, administrative, Health care, and industrial
Buildings.
Higher cost of construction
The contractors of such projects may be specialized in only that type of building.

3. infrastructure and heavy construction projects.

Projects such as highways, bridges, tunnels, water and sewer lines, offshore
platforms, air ports, and sewage treatment plants.
Most of these projects are publicly owned.
Heavy construction contractors, specialized contractors.
Large scale projects with high degree of complexity, Long duration, high cost.
Requires high technology, non – traditional construction methods & Equipment

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 Building Construction

Bridge Construction

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 Circular tank
Construction

Pipeline Construction

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Characteristics of Construction industry
 Projects are large and consume much time, money, and
resources.
 Projects are unique.
 Organizations change from Project to Project
 On-site work stations are not permanent (location)
 Operations are conducted outside and thus subject to
Weather
 Uncertainty in Project cost and duration
 High risk
 Construction is different from Manufacturing
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 Project parties or stakeholders
The main participants (stakeholders) of project are:
1. Owner
2. Contractor
3. Consultant (Engineer)
A Conflict of interests exists between owner and Contractor
Other stakeholders include:
1. Vendors
2. Users
3. Bank
4. Manufacturer
5. Purchasing
6. Accounting
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 1.The Owner:
The person how owns and finances the project.
His objective is to finish the project as soon as possible, with target cost
and best quality.
Owners could be Public or private
Responsible for selecting qualified designers, consultants, and
contractors

2.The Consultant (Engineer): 3. General Contractor

He may be Architect, civil,
mechanical, .. Engineer
He must Has the qualifications
and experience to design, plan,
and supervise the project
Assist the owner in developing
the project’s scope, DWG, budget,
schedule and documents
His objective is to satisfy the
owner needs in the project
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Responsible for constructing the
project according to the contract.
His objective is to finish the project
in a reasonable time, min. cost
(max. profit. Quality is second
priority.
Prepare the tender, time schedule,
and Cash flow.
may construct the project by
himself or get subcontractors after
the owner acceptance.
 Project Resources:
In Project Management, resources are required to carry out
the project Activities. They can be people, equipment,
facilities, funding, or anything else.
Resources may be unlimited or limited in quantities and timing. The
lack of a resource will therefore be a constraint on the project
completion date.
Resource Scheduling, availability and optimisation are considered a
key to successful project management.
Project Key Resources:
1) Material
2) Labor
3) Equipment
4) Money
5) Time
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Dr.Yasser Elfahham
 Project phases
project is divided into phases that a project passes through
from its initiation to its closure. that provide better
management and control of project operations.

Project phases are:

1.Feasibility study (Concept phase) ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﺪوي‬
2.Design phase (... - ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ )ﻣﻌﻤﺎري – إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ – ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎء – ﺻﺤﻲ‬
3.Tender / Bidding & awarding ( procurement) phase ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻄﺮح‬
‫واﻟﺘﺮﺳﯿﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ‬
4.Construction phase ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬
5.Turnover phase ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﮭﻮ واﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﻢ‬

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 Project Life Cycle (Bar chart)
Phase Time

Feasibility study
Design
Bidding & awarding
Construction
Turnover
Project Life Cycle

Phase-to-Phase Relationships
The project phases are sequential process designed to ensure proper control of the
project.There are two types of relationships:
1) Sequential relationship.
In a sequential relationship, a phase starts only when the previous phase is complete.
2) overlapping (concurrent ) relationship.
In an overlapping relationship, a phase starts prior to completion of the previous
one.

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 ‫‪Invitation To Tender‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻹﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬أﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫‪ .2‬وﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وﻣﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻣﺪة اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﯿﻊ ﻛﺮاﺳﺔ اﻟﺸﺮوط وﺳﻌﺮھﺎ‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬
‫‪ .6‬ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫‪ .7‬ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﻤﻈﺮوف اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫‪ .8‬ﻣﻮاﻋﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‪ :‬اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎرات – ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﻤﻈﺎرﯾﻒ – ﻓﺘﺢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻈﺎرﯾﻒ – إﻋﻼن اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬

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 Questions ?
25 Dr.Yasser Elfahham