*Multiple Choice Quiz*

1. A true fungal pathogen must exhibit what characteristic?

A) Produce spores
B) Produce mycelia
C) Thermal dimorphism
D) Be transmitted by the respiratory route
E) Be distributed worldwide

2. Which statement regarding the opportunistic fungal pathogens is incorrect?

A) They have a limited degree of virulence.

B) They always display thermal dimorphism.
C) They are spread by the respiratory or mucocutaneous route.
D) They stimulate only weak and short-lived immunity.
E) They are distributed worldwide.

3. Where is Histoplasma capsulatum found within the United States?

A) Desert southwest
B) Alaska
C) Northwest
D) Ohio and Mississippi river valleys
E) Central plains

4. What are the most prevalent of all fungal infections?

A) Dermatophytoses
B) Histoplasmosis
C) Candidiasis
D) Cryptococcosis
E) Coccidioidomycosis

5. Dermatophytoses can be spread by all but which of the following?

A) Gymnasiums
B) Public facilities
C) Personal articles
 D) Swimming pools
E) Sexual contact

6. What component of the fungi is most involved in initiating mycoses?

A) Mycelia
B) Hyphae
C) Spores
D) Rhizoids
E) Yeasts

7. Why are yeasts more invasive than hyphal forms of fungi?

A) Because they multiply more rapidly.

B) Because they cannot tolerate high temperatures.
C) Because the hyphal forms localize in tissues.
D) Because they produce toxins.
E) Because they invoke an inflammatory response.

8. Which fungus causes mycoses of the hair, skin, and nails?

A) Cryptococcus
B) Aspergillis
C) Sporothrix
D) Blastomyces
E) All dermatophytes

9. Which class of antifungal drugs inhibits an enzyme in egosterol synthesis and is administered
topically to treat dermatophyte infections?
A) Polyenes
B) Axoles
C) Those that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
D) Allylamines
E) Those that inhibit cell division

10. What type of fungal infection involves the stratum corneum and occasionally the upper
dermis?

A) Systemic
B) Cutaneous
 C) Acute
D) Superficial
E) Subcutaneous

11. Who experiences the majority of cases of histoplasmosis?

A) Elderly females
B) Adult males
C) Infants
D) Teenage females
E) Adolescent males

12. Where is the primary location of Histoplasma capsulatum microconidia growth?

A) Within the cytoplasm of macrophages

B) Within red blood cells
C) In the circulatory system
D) In the cerebrospinal fluid
E) In the meninges

13. Which fungus is the most virulent of all mycotic pathogens?

A) Histoplasma capsulatum
B) Blastomyces dermatitidis
C) Coccidioides immitis
D) Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
E) Candida albicans

14. Outbreaks of coccidioidomycosis have been associated with all but which of the following?

A) Farming
B) The Northridge, California earthquake
C) Mining
D) Hurricane Isabel
E) Archeological digs

15. How is coccidioidomycosis diagnosed?

A) Examination of fecal material for hyphae

 B) Examination of cerebrospinal fluid for Gram-negative cocci
C) Examination of the throat for the presence of a pseudomembrane
D) Examination of the chest for local abscesses
E) Examination of sputum, spinal fluid, or biopsies for spherules

16. Which is not a chief target of blastomycosis infection?

A) Dogs
B) Cats
C) Birds
D) Horses
E) Humans

17. Most incidents of human sporotrichosis arise following what event?

A) Inhalation of spores
B) A puncture or scratch wound
C) Consumption of contaminated food
D) The bite of a tick
E) Consumption of contaminated water

18. What is the causative agent of athlete's foot?

A) Candida albicans
B) Epidermophyton
C) Coccidioides
D) Microsporum
E) Trichophyton

19. What is the Latin name that corresponds to athlete's foot?

A) Tinea corporis
B) Tinea pedia
C) Tinea barbae
D) Tinea cruris
E) Tinea unguium

20. What organisms cause fungal infections that are strictly confined to nonliving tissues and its
derivatives?
 A) Sporothrix
B) Blastomyces
C) Coccidioides
D) Dermatophytes
E) Cryptococcus

21. Candida albicans causes local infections in all but which of the following sites?

A) Endocardium
B) Mouth
C) Pharynx
D) Vagina
E) Lungs

22. What factor is important in the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A) Pili
B) Hyphae
C) Capsule
D) Glycoprotein spikes
E) Lipopolysaccharide

23. What is the reservoir for Cryptococcus neoformans?

A) Humans
B) Soil
C) Rodents
D) Birds
E) Pigs

24. Who typically develops Pneumocystis carinii infections?

A) People with deficient immune systems

B) Middle aged men
C) Infants
D) Rose gardeners
E) IV drug users
25. Where do Aspergillus infections usually occur?

A) Skin
B) Mouth
C) Gastrointestinal tract
D) Kidneys
E) Lungs

1- During an office visit you notice a brown spot on the bottom of your patient's foot. You
determine that it could be a fungal infection and take a sample to inspect under a microscope.
Under the microscope you see many 2 celled oval yeast with short hyphae. Which is the likely
diagnosis for this spot?

Black piedra
Tinea corporis
*Tinea nigra*
Tinea pedis

2- One characteristic found almost exclusively on dermatophytes is the presence of microconidia

and macroconidia. Microconidia are more uncommon; however, one group of dermatophytes is
recognizable for having a lot of microconidia and only rare macroconidia. Which group of
dermatophytes is known for its numerous microconidia?

*Trichophyton species*
Deuteromycetes
Epidermophyton
Microsporum species

3- A young man comes to your office and is a little embarrassed to tell you about his complaint.
He states that he has a problem around his groin. Upon inspection you find a well demarcated and
moist rash around his groin and the insides of both his legs. What might his problem be? Choose
the best answer.

Tinea unguium
Tinea corporis
Bacterial foliculitis
*Tinia cruris*

Use this scenario for the next two questions:

A 30 year old woman comes into your office to show you how her skin is changing. She
concerned about the red color of her chest. You recognize these hyper-pigmented macules as a
certain superficial mycoses. When illuminated by a Wood lamp it fluoresces bright yellow.

4- What is the etiologic agent of her complaint?

Hortaea Werneckii
Epidermophyton Floccosum
*Malassenzia Furfur*
Piedra Hortae

5- What superficial mycoses does she have?

Tinea barbae
Tinea nigra
*Tinea versicolor*
Microsporum

6- What is the etiologic agent for Tinea Nigra?

*Hortae Weneckii*
Epidermophyton Floccosum
Malassenzia Furfur
Piedra Hortae

7- Where is the most common place to find Tinea Unguiun?

*Finger and toe nails*

Axillary hair
Scalp
Skin

8- Traditional ringworm is not actually a worm, but rather a fungus. This fungus can be found
anywhere on the body, but not usually the scalp, groin, palms, or soles. Ringworm may or may not
itch, and may even have a burning sensation. What is the proper name for ringworm?

Tinea barbae
T. schoenleinii
Black piedra
*Tinea corporis*

9- Piedra hortae causes a superficial fungal infection of the hair shaft that is characterized by small
dark nodules surrounding the shaft. This infection typically infects the hair of the scalp. Which
fungal infection is caused by
Piedra hortae

White piedra
*Black piedra*
Tinea capitus
Favic infection

10- What color do dermatophyte microsporum species fluoresce under a Wood lamp?

Bright Yellow
Dull White
Bright Pink
*Bright Green*

Section B
Multiple Choice Questions in Mycology

1. Which of the following fungi is most likely to be found within reticuloendothelial cells.

a. Histoplasma Capsulatum
b. Sporothrix Schenckii
c. Cryptococcus neoformans
d. Candida albicans

2. Aspergillosis is recognized in tissue by the presence of

a. Metachromatic granules
b. Psuedohyphae
c. Septate hyphae
d. Budding cells

3. Fungi often colonize lesions due to other causes. Which of the following is least likely to be
present as colonizer

a. Candida
b. Sporothrix
c. Mucor
d. Aspergillus

4. A girl who pricked her finger while pruning some rose bushes develops a local pustule that
progresses to an ulcer. Several nodules then develop along the local lymphatic drainage. The most
likely agent is

a. Aspergillus fumigatus
b. Sporothrix schenckii
c. Cryptococcus neoformans
d. Candida albicans

5. Immunocompromised persons are suffered from several fungal diseases. Which of the
following is the least frequently associated

a. Cryptococcus neoformans
b. Aspergillus fumigatus
c. Malassezia furfur
d. Mucor species

6. Each of the following statements concerning Cryptococcus neoformans are correct EXCEPT

a. Its natural habitat is the soil, especially associated with pigeon feces
b. Budding yeasts are found in the lesions
c. The initial site of infection is usually the lung
d. Pathogenesis is related primarily to the production of exotoxin A

7. Fungal cells that reproduce by budding are seen in the infected tissues of patients with
a. Candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and sporotrichosis
b. Mycetoma, candidiasis and mucormycosis
c. Tinea corporis, tinea unguium, and tinea versicolor
d. Sporotrichosis, mycetoma and aspergillosis

8. Which of the following is not the characteristics of histoplasmosis

a. Person to person transmission

b. Specific geographic distribution
c. Yeasts in tissue
d. mycelial phase in the soil

9. Infection with dermatophyte is most often associated with

a. intravenous drug abuse

b. inhalation of the organism from contaminated bird feces
c. adherence of the organism to perspiration moist skin
d. Fecal-oral transmission

10. Each of the following statements concerning Candida albicans is correct except

a. C. albicans is a budding yeast that forms psuedohyphae when it invades tissue

b. C. albicans causes thrush
c. C. albicans is transmitted primarily by respiratory aerosol
d. Impaired cell mediated immunity is an important predisposing factor to disease

*Answers*
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. b
5. c 6. d 7. a 8. a
9. c 10. c
[12/14, 19:16] Sly MLB: *Multiple Choice Quiz*

1. A true fungal pathogen must exhibit what characteristic?

A) Produce spores
B) Produce mycelia
C) Thermal dimorphism
D) Be transmitted by the respiratory route
E) Be distributed worldwide

2. Which statement regarding the opportunistic fungal pathogens is incorrect?

A) They have a limited degree of virulence.

B) They always display thermal dimorphism.
C) They are spread by the respiratory or mucocutaneous route.
D) They stimulate only weak and short-lived immunity.
E) They are distributed worldwide.

3. Where is Histoplasma capsulatum found within the United States?

A) Desert southwest
B) Alaska
C) Northwest
D) Ohio and Mississippi river valleys
E) Central plains
4. What are the most prevalent of all fungal infections?

A) Dermatophytoses
B) Histoplasmosis
C) Candidiasis
D) Cryptococcosis
E) Coccidioidomycosis

5. Dermatophytoses can be spread by all but which of the following?

A) Gymnasiums
B) Public facilities
C) Personal articles
D) Swimming pools
E) Sexual contact

6. What component of the fungi is most involved in initiating mycoses?

A) Mycelia
B) Hyphae
C) Spores
D) Rhizoids
E) Yeasts

7. Why are yeasts more invasive than hyphal forms of fungi?

A) Because they multiply more rapidly.

B) Because they cannot tolerate high temperatures.
C) Because the hyphal forms localize in tissues.
D) Because they produce toxins.
E) Because they invoke an inflammatory response.

8. Which fungus causes mycoses of the hair, skin, and nails?

A) Cryptococcus
B) Aspergillis
C) Sporothrix
D) Blastomyces
E) All dermatophytes
9. Which class of antifungal drugs inhibits an enzyme in egosterol synthesis and is administered
topically to treat dermatophyte infections?
A) Polyenes
B) Axoles
C) Those that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
D) Allylamines
E) Those that inhibit cell division

10. What type of fungal infection involves the stratum corneum and occasionally the upper
dermis?

A) Systemic
B) Cutaneous
C) Acute
D) Superficial
E) Subcutaneous

11. Who experiences the majority of cases of histoplasmosis?

A) Elderly females
B) Adult males
C) Infants
D) Teenage females
E) Adolescent males

12. Where is the primary location of Histoplasma capsulatum microconidia growth?

A) Within the cytoplasm of macrophages

B) Within red blood cells
C) In the circulatory system
D) In the cerebrospinal fluid
E) In the meninges

13. Which fungus is the most virulent of all mycotic pathogens?

A) Histoplasma capsulatum
B) Blastomyces dermatitidis
C) Coccidioides immitis
D) Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
E) Candida albicans
14. Outbreaks of coccidioidomycosis have been associated with all but which of the following?

A) Farming
B) The Northridge, California earthquake
C) Mining
D) Hurricane Isabel
E) Archeological digs

15. How is coccidioidomycosis diagnosed?

A) Examination of fecal material for hyphae

B) Examination of cerebrospinal fluid for Gram-negative cocci
C) Examination of the throat for the presence of a pseudomembrane
D) Examination of the chest for local abscesses
E) Examination of sputum, spinal fluid, or biopsies for spherules

16. Which is not a chief target of blastomycosis infection?

A) Dogs
B) Cats
C) Birds
D) Horses
E) Humans

17. Most incidents of human sporotrichosis arise following what event?

A) Inhalation of spores
B) A puncture or scratch wound
C) Consumption of contaminated food
D) The bite of a tick
E) Consumption of contaminated water

18. What is the causative agent of athlete's foot?

A) Candida albicans
B) Epidermophyton
C) Coccidioides
D) Microsporum
 E) Trichophyton

19. What is the Latin name that corresponds to athlete's foot?

A) Tinea corporis
B) Tinea pedia
C) Tinea barbae
D) Tinea cruris
E) Tinea unguium

20. What organisms cause fungal infections that are strictly confined to nonliving tissues and its
derivatives?

A) Sporothrix
B) Blastomyces
C) Coccidioides
D) Dermatophytes
E) Cryptococcus

21. Candida albicans causes local infections in all but which of the following sites?

A) Endocardium
B) Mouth
C) Pharynx
D) Vagina
E) Lungs

22. What factor is important in the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A) Pili
B) Hyphae
C) Capsule
D) Glycoprotein spikes
E) Lipopolysaccharide

23. What is the reservoir for Cryptococcus neoformans?

A) Humans
B) Soil
 C) Rodents
D) Birds
E) Pigs

24. Who typically develops Pneumocystis carinii infections?

A) People with deficient immune systems

B) Middle aged men
C) Infants
D) Rose gardeners
E) IV drug users

25. Where do Aspergillus infections usually occur?

A) Skin
B) Mouth
C) Gastrointestinal tract
D) Kidneys