Dead Load Computation

ROOF BEAM
20 n/mm2
Miscellane 276 mpa
21 mpa
Ceiling Jois 50.6242 0.25
Ceiling 1.2 m
Electrical 0.48d 0.25
TOTAL = 0.5 kPa
V1 = #VALUE!
B-14 V2= #VALUE!
dopt over all depth of the
Unit
beam
wt., D= depth width 350 mm W1
at the fixed 23.56 0.300 0.25 3.5 1.767 =
provide , b 0.5 175 mm #VALUE! 2.5
c;lear span for cantilevers = 1.2 total = #VALUE!
eff cover = 40 mm V1 = #VALUE!
d, eff. Depth =
310 M1 = #VALUE!
Ra/Rb = #VALUE! kN
Loads and #VALUE! kN.m
self weight of beam = 5.44236 kn/m
B-13 CANTILIVER wala nato sa roof V10.36*fck*b*xu.
= max*(d-(0.42*xu. max))
this act at = Unit wt. 0.26857143
m from the fixed end Length Weight 0.36*fck*b*xu. max*(d-(0.42*xu. max))
V2=
taking the lo 23.56 0.3 0.6 1.2 4.2408 W1
Factored B.M 0.5 22.7466518 kn/m 11.3733259 15.61413
Depth for B.M.: total = 15.6141259 2.5
M.R. of a singly reinforced balanced section
Reactions V1 = #VALUE!
mu = 0.36*fck*b*kN M1 = #VALUE!
22.74665*12.810543 kN.m
solve by calculator
d= 217.0414 mm < 310 mm ok V1 = 4.61925
B-12 V2= 4.61925
Loads Unit wt. depth width Length Weight W1
Beam 23.56 0.300 0.25 3 1.767 3.0795
Misc. 0.5 2.625 1.3125 2.5
total = 3.0795
V1 = -3.0795
Reactions M1 = 1.924688
Ra/Rb = 4.61925 kN
M= 3.464438 kN.m

B-11 V1 = 6.3408
Loads Unit wt. depth width Length Weight V2= 6.3408
Beam 23.56 0.3 0.25 4.8 1.767 W1
Misc. 0.5 1.75 0.875 2.642
total = 2.642 2.5

Reactions V1 = -0.2642
Ra/Rb = 6.3408 kN M1 = 7.59575
M= 7.60896 kN.m

V1 = 5.261644
B-10 V2= 5.261644
Loads Unit wt. depth width Length Weight W1
Beam 23.56 0.300 0.25 3.3 1.767 3.188875
Misc. 0.5 2.84375 1.421875 2.5
total = 3.188875
V1 = -2.710544
Reactions M1 = 3.188875
Ra/Rb = 5.26164375 kN
M= 4.340856 kN.m

B-9 V1 = 4.3593
Loads Unit wt. depth width Length Weight V2= 4.3593
Beam 23.56 0.3 0.25 3.3 1.767 W1
Misc. 0.5 1.75 0.875 2.642
total = 2.642 2.5

Reactions V1 = -2.2457
Ra/Rb = 4.3593 kN M1 = 2.642
M= 3.596423 kN.m

B-8 V1 = 5.19225
Loads Unit wt. depth width Length Weight V2= 5.19225
Beam 23.56 0.3 0.25 3.5 1.767 W1
Misc. 0.5 2.4 1.2 2.967
total = 2.967 2.5

Reactions V1 = -2.22525
Ra/Rb = 5.19225 kN M1 = 3.70875
M= 4.543219 kN.m

SECOND LEVEL FRAMING PLAN Live Load Computation

Miscellaneous Loadings
 Live Loads
Ceiling Joist 0.25 Residential 4.8
Ceiling 0.008 Restroom 2.4
Electrical 0.25 Stairs 4.8
Floor finish(ceramic tile) 1.2
SECOND LEVEL FRAMING PLAN
TOTAL = 1.708 kPa
B-7 B-7
Loads Unit wt. depth width Length Weight LiveLoad
Beam 23.56 0.375 0.35 3.5 3.09225 short span* 4.8
Wall 23.56 0.15 3.5 3 12.369 Restroom 2.4
Slab 23.56 0.15 2.4 8.4816 Reactions
Misc. 1.708 2.4 4.0992 Ra/Rb= 9.216
total = 28.04205 Ma/Mb = 24
Reactions
Ra/Rb= 49.0735875 kN
M= 42.93939 kN.m

B-6 CANTILIVER INTERIOR B-6

Loads Unit wt. depth width Length Weight LiveLoad
Beam 23.56 0.35 0.3 1.2 2.4738 short span 4.8
stairs 4.8
Slab 23.56 0.15 3.5 12.369
Misc. 1.708 3.5 5.978 Reactions
total(unfrm)= 20.8208 Ra= 5.472
Stairs 23.56 0.25 5.06 1 29.8034 Rb= 1.632
Ma/Mb = 0.6
Reactions
Ra(C) = 29.8777967 kN Ma 115.510494
Rb(D)= 24.9105633 kN Mb 16.1658273333

B-5 B-5
Loads Unit wt. depth width Length Weight LiveLoad
Beam 23.56 0.35 0.3 3 2.4738 short span* 4.8
Wall 23.56 0.15 3 3 10.602
Slab 23.56 0.15 2.625 9.27675 Reactions
Misc. 1.708 2.625 4.4835 Ra/Rb= 14.4
total = 26.83605 Ma/Mb = 10.8
Reactions
Ra/Rb= 40.254075 kN
M= 30.19056 kN.m
B-4 B-4
Loads Unit wt. depth width Length Weight LiveLoad
Beam 23.56 0.35 0.3 4.8 2.4738 short span 4.8
Wall 23.56 0.15 4.8 3 16.9632
Slab 23.56 0.15 1.75 6.1845 Reactions
Misc. 1.708 1.75 2.989 Ra/Rb= 18.432
total = 28.6105 Ma/Mb = 22.1184
Reactions
Ra/Rb= 68.6652 kN
M= 82.39824 kN.m

B-3 B-3
Loads Unit wt. depth width Length Weight LiveLoad
Beam 23.56 0.35 0.3 3.3 2.4738 short span* 4.8
Wall 23.56 0.15 3.5 3 12.369
Slab 23.56 0.15 2.84375 10.0498125 Reactions
Misc. 1.708 2.84375 4.857125 Ra/Rb= 17.424
total = 29.7497375 Ma/Mb = 14.3748
Reactions
Ra/Rb= 49.0870669 kN
M= 40.49683 kN.m
B-2 B-2
Loads Unit wt. depth width Length Weight LiveLoad
Beam 23.56 0.35 0.3 3.3 2.4738 short span 4.8

Slab 23.56 0.15 1.75 6.1845 Reactions

Misc. 1.708 1.75 2.989 Ra/Rb= 8.712
total = 11.6473 Ma/Mb = 7.1874
Reactions
Ra/Rb= 19.218045 kN
M= 15.85489 kN.m

B-1 INTERIOR B-1

Loads Unit wt. depth width Length Weight LiveLoad
Beam 23.56 0.35 0.3 3.5 2.4738 short span* 4.8
Wall 23.56 0.15 3.5 3 12.369
Slab 23.56 0.15 3 10.602 Reactions
Misc. 1.708 3 5.124 Ra/Rb= 19.6
total = 30.5688 Ma/Mb = 17.15
Reactions
Ra/Rb= 53.4954 kN
M= 46.80848 kN.m
 W2 P W3
200 mm #VALUE!
0 2.5

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE!

u. max*(d-(0.42*xu. max))
u. max*(d-(0.42*xu. max))
W2 P W3
0 0 15.61413
0 2.5

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE!

W2 P W3
0 0 3.0795
0 2.5

-3.0795 -3.0795 -10.77825

1.924688 -15.3975
 W2 P W3
0 0 2.642
0 2.5

-0.2642 -0.2642 -6.8692

7.59575 -1.321

W2 P W3
0 0 3.188875
0 2.5

-2.710544 -2.710544 -10.68273

3.188875 -13.55272

W2 P W3
0 0 2.642
0 2.5

-2.2457 -2.2457 -8.8507

2.642 -11.2285

W2 P W3
0 0 2.967
0 2.5

-2.22525 -2.22525 -9.64275

3.70875 -11.12625

omputation
 kPa
kPa

L FRAMING PLAN

V1 = 73.63391
S L m W V2= 73.63391
2.4 5 0.48 7.68 W1 W2 P W3
1.4 2.2 5.28 45.93846 0 45.93846
2.5 0 2.5
kN
kN.m V1 = -41.21225 -41.21225 -41.21225 -156.0584
M1 = 40.52708 40.52708 -206.0612

V1 = 44.60856
S L m W V2= 30.85268
1.2 1.2 1 1.92 W1 W2 P W3
1 1 4.8 71.50104 28.05696 28.05696
1 1.5 2.5

kN V1 = -26.89248 -68.97792 -68.97792 -139.1203

kN M1 = 8.858036 -63.04477 -323.1676
kN.m

V1 = 71.34489
S L m W V2= 71.34489
3 3 1 9.6 W1 W2 P W3
47.56326 0 47.56326
 2.5 0 2.5
kN
kN.m V1 = -47.56326 -47.56326 -47.56326 -166.4714
M1 = 29.72704 29.72704 -237.8163

V1 = 111.8894
S L m W V2= 111.8894
4.8 4.8 1 7.68 W1 W2 P W3
46.6206 0 46.6206
2.5 0 2.5
kN
kN.m V1 = -4.66206 -4.66206 -4.66206 -121.2136
M1 = 134.0342 134.0342 -23.3103

V1 = 86.78288
S L m W V2= 86.78288
3.3 3.3 1 10.56 W1 W2 P W3
52.59569 0 52.59569
2.5 0 2.5
kN
kN.m V1 = -44.70633 -44.70633 -44.70633 -176.1955
M1 = 52.59569 52.59569 -223.5317

V1 = 37.00085
S L m W V2= 37.00085
3.3 3.3 1 5.28 W1 W2 P W3
22.42476 0 22.42476
2.5 0 2.5
kN
kN.m V1 = -19.06105 -19.06105 -19.06105 -75.12295
M1 = 22.42476 22.42476 -95.30523

V1 = 95.55448
S L m W V2= 95.55448
3.5 3.5 1 11.2 W1 W2 P W3
 54.60256 0 54.60256
2.5 0 2.5
kN
kN.m V1 = -40.95192 -40.95192 -40.95192 -177.4583
M1 = 68.2532 68.2532 -204.7596
B-6 (NO STAIRS) B-6
Loads Unit wt. depth width Length Weight LiveLoad S
Beam 23.56 0.3 0.25 1.2 1.767 short span* 4.8 5
Wall 23.56 0.15 1.2 3 4.2408
Slab 23.56 0.15 3.5 12.369 Reactions
Misc. 1.708 3 5.124 Ra/Rb= 40 kN
total = 23.5008 Ma/Mb = 50 kN.m
Reactions
Ra/Rb= 14.10048 kN
M= 4.230144 kN.m
 V1 = 80.92058
L m W V2= 80.92058
5 1 16 W1 W2 P W3
53.80096 0 53.80096
2.5 0 2.5

V1 = -53.58182 -53.58182 -53.58182 -188.0842

M1 = 34.17344 34.17344 -267.9091
 4. Check Developmen Length
Design of Singly/DOUBLY Flexural Beam using:
B-14 Ab =
Mact = #VALUE! kN.m
Vact= #VALUE! kN Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =
L= 3.5 m Cc = 40 mm Ldmin = 0.06φfy =
b= 200 mm φmb = 12 mm
d= 300 mm fc = 21 Mpa use : Ld =
h= 356 mm fy = 276 Mpa
d' = 56 mm 5. Check Bar Arrangement
Solving for beam dimension:
Steel ratios: AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv
ρb = 0.037653 AC =
ρmax = 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072 for horizontal arrangement
SINGLY for steel ratios. AC =
for vertical arrangement
w= 0.494863 AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv
AC =
Mu = Mmax
Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w) 6. Check Steel Ductility
#VALUE! = 6.622149 bd^2 using:
bd^2 = #VALUE! Ab =
assume: d= 2b
Asact =
b^3 x 4 = #VALUE!
b^3 #VALUE! c=
b= #VALUE! say 150 mm a=
d = 300 mm
Asb =
m= 15.46218 Asmax =
Ru = #VALUE!
1. Check if tension bars are needed Asmin =

ρact = #VALUE! Asmin < Asact < Asma

ρb = 0.037653
ρmax= 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
since : #VALUE! < 0.028239 #VALUE! 7. Check for Moment Capacit

use : ρ= 0.005072 T=C

As = 304.3478 mm^2 Asactfy = 0.85fcad
using : 12 mm dia. Bar a=
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2 C=
N = 2.691026 say 3 12 mm dia. Bar
Nuse = 3 pcs Mu =
2. Check for flexural stress 8. Check for Flexural Cracking
T=C fs = 0.60fy=
Asfy =0.85fcab
a = 23.52941 mm dc =
ds =
Mu = 21.79059 kN.m
AC=
Since: 21.79059 > #VALUE! #VALUE! A=

Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN Z=

c = 27.68166 mm
Єs = 0.029513
Єy = 0.00138
since: 0.029513 > 0.00138 Steel yields
Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN 9. Check for Deflection
As1 = 1694.368 mm^2
a= 130.9932 mm

M1 = 98.69803 kN.m Ig =
yt =
Since: 98.69803 < 21.79059 therefore: Compression bars are not needed
*Effective Moment Area
3. Compute steel areas fr =
Єc =
M2 = -76.90745 kN.m
Mcr =
As2 = -1268.899 mm^2
Mcr/Mu =
As = 425.4692 mm^2

4. Check ductility Conditions:

Use: As = 1694.368 if :
ρ= 0.028239 Mcr/Mu
ρ' = -0.021148
note: if Compression bars and plim are not needed
use : ρ' = 0 Mcr/Mu
ρb = ρb + ρ' ρb = 0.037653

since: 0.028239 < 0.037653 Tension yields, fs=fy Mcr/Mu

ρlim = ρb + ρ' ρlim = 0.019003

since: 0.028239 > 0.019003 Compression steel yields,fs=fy

Mcr/Mu
5. Select size and number of bars Ie =
for tension bars : using = 12 mm
Mcr/Mu
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2
k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
N= 3.761973 say 4 12 mm bars (2 - layers) k=
Nuse = 4 pcs note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2 y = kd =

Clear spacing: s = 17.33333 mm change beam dimension or bar dia. Ie = Icr =

for compression bars: using = 10 mm
Note: Mcr/Mu
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2 Compression bars are not needed
Ie =
N= -16.15612 say -17 10 mm bars (1 - layer)
Ie =
3. Check for Beam shear
*For sustainable deflection
Vu = #VALUE! kN Sd =

φVc = 38.95189 kN *time factor to sustain loads

φVc/2= 19.47595 kN e=
ρact =
since: #VALUE! > 19.47595 #VALUE!
x = e/(1+50ρ)
Vc = 45.82576 kN x=
2Vc = 91.65151 kN
4vc = 183.303 kN *Long Term Deflection
Vs = #VALUE! kN δall =

Conditions for Smax δ = Sdx

if Vs < 2Vc s, = d/2 or 300 mm 150 300 δ =
if Vs > 2Vc s = d/4 or 300 mm 75 300
if Vs > 4Vc increase section

Vs < 2Vc Smax = 150

* reinforcement @ critical Section

using : 10 mm dia. Bar for stirrups
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
Av = 157.0796 mm^2

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

Sreq'd = #VALUE! mm 433.5398 mm

use: S 433.5398 say 430 mm

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall = 91.65151 kN > #VALUE! #VALUE!

4. Check Developmen Length
12 mm^2 Design of Singly/DOU
113.0973 mm^2 B-13 CANTILIVER WALA NATO
Mact = #VALUE! kN.m
Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =136.2328 mm Vact= 0.36*fck*bkN
Ldmin = 0.06φfy = 198.72 mm or 300 mm L= 1.2 m
b= 200 mm
300 mm d= 300 mm
h= 358 mm
5. Check Bar Arrangement d' = 58 mm
Solving for beam dimension:
AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv Steel ratios:
186 mm OK ρb = 0.037653
ρmax = 0.028239
for horizontal arrangement ρmin = 0.005072
149 mm OK SINGLY for steel ratios.
for vertical arrangement
AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv h/2 = 178 mm w= 0.494863
93 mm OK
Mu = Mmax
6. Check Steel Ductility Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w)
12 mm^2 #VALUE! = 6.622149
113.0973 mm^2 bd^2 = #VALUE!
assume: d= 2
339.292 mm
b^3 x 4 =
205.4795 b^3 #VALUE!
174.6575 b= #VALUE! say
d =
2259.157 mm^2
1694.368 mm^2 m= 15.46218
Ru = #VALUE!
304.3478 mm^2 1. Check if tension bars are needed

Asmin < Asact < AsmaSAFE ρact = #VALUE!

ρb = 0.037653
ρmax= 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
7. Check for Moment Capacity since : #VALUE! <
(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is not needed)
use : ρ= 0.005072
Asactfy = 0.85fcad As = 304.3478 mm^2
17.48732 mm using : 16 mm dia. Bar
93.64459 kN Ab = 201.0619 mm^2
N= 1.513702 say
24.54712 kN.m > #VALUE! #VALUE!
8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment 2. Check for flexural stress
 165.6 Mpa T=C
Asfy =0.85fcab
103 mm a = 23.52941 mm
66 mm
Mu = 21.79059 kN.m
26400 mm^2
8800 mm^2 Since: 21.79059 >

16.02631 Mpa SAFE Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN

c = 27.68166 mm
Z < 30 Mpa, interior beams Єs = 0.029513
< 25 Mpa, exterior beams Єy = 0.00138
since: 0.029513 >
9. Check for Deflection Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN
As1 = 1694.368 mm^2
a= 130.9932 mm

7.52E+08 mm^4 M1 = 98.69803 kN.m

178 mm
Since: 98.69803 <
*Effective Moment Area
3.207803 3. Compute steel areas
21538.11 Mpa
M2 = -76.90745 kN.m
13.55147 Mpa
As2 = -1279.386 mm^2
0.552059 < 1.0 Mpa
As = 414.9824 mm^2

Conditions: 4. Check ductility

Use: As = 1694.368
< 1.0 no crack ρ= 0.028239
Ie = Ig ρ' = -0.021323
note: if Compression bars and plim are not nee
> 1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack use : ρ' = 0
Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig ρb = ρb + ρ' ρb = 0.037653

> 3.0 extensive crack since: 0.028239 <

Ie = Icr
Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2 ρlim = ρb + ρ' ρlim =

since: 0.028239 >

< 1.0 no crack
7.52E+08 mm^4 5. Select size and number of bars
for tension bars : using =
> 3.0 extensive crack
 Ab = 201.0619 mm^2
k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
0.566121 N= 2.063953 say
169.8363 mm Nuse = 3 pcs

3.32E+08 mm^4 Clear spacing: s = 26

for compression bars: using =
>1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
4.03E+08 mm^4
N= -16.28964 say
7.52E+08 governs NO crack
3. Check for Beam shear
*For sustainable deflection
1.934012 mm Vu = 0.36*fck*bkN

*time factor to sustain loads - (3 months) φVc = 38.95189 kN

1 φVc/2= 19.47595 kN
0.005072
since: 0.36*fck*b >
x = e/(1+50ρ)
0.797688 Vc = 45.82576 kN
2Vc = 91.65151 kN
*Long Term Deflection 4vc = 183.303 kN
9.722222 mm Vs = #VALUE! kN

Conditions for Smax

1.542738 mm SAFE if Vs < 2Vc s, = d/2 or 300 mm
if Vs > 2Vc s = d/4 or 300 mm
if Vs > 4Vc increase section

Vs < 2Vc Smax = 150

* reinforcement @ critical Section

using : 10 mm dia. Bar for stirrups
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
Av = 157.0796 mm^2

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

Sreq'd = #VALUE! mm

use: S 433.5398 say

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall = 91.65151 kN >

 4. Check Developmen Length
gn of Singly/DOUBLY Flexural Beam using: 16 mm^2
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2

Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =242.1917 mm
Cc = 40 mm Ldmin = 0.06φfy = 264.96 mm or
φmb = 16 mm
fc = 21 Mpa use : Ld = 264.96 mm
fy = 276 Mpa
5. Check Bar Arrangement

AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv

AC = 157 mm OK

for horizontal arrangement

for steel ratios. AC = 157 mm OK
for vertical arrangement
AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv h/2 =
AC = 99 mm OK

6. Check Steel Ductility

bd^2 using: 16 mm^2
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2
b
Asact = 402.1239 mm
#VALUE!
c = 205.4795
170 mm a = 174.6575
340 mm
Asb = 2259.157 mm^2
Asmax = 1694.368 mm^2

ars are needed Asmin = 304.3478 mm^2

Asmin < Asact < AsmaSAFE

0.028239 #VALUE! 7. Check for Moment Capacity

(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is not needed
T=C
Asactfy = 0.85fcad
mm dia. Bar a = 20.72571 mm
C= 110.9862 kN
2 16 mm dia. Bar
Mu = 28.93115 kN.m >
8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment
 fs = 0.60fy= 165.6 Mpa

dc = 109 mm
ds = 68 mm

AC= 27200 mm^2

#VALUE! #VALUE! A= 13600 mm^2

NGLY DESIGN Z= 18.88204 Mpa SAFE

Z < 30 Mpa, interior beams

< 25 Mpa, exterior beams
0.00138 Steel yields
OUBLY DESIGN 9. Check for Deflection

Ig = 7.65E+08 mm^4
yt = 179 mm
21.79059 therefore: Compression bars are not needed
*Effective Moment Area
fr = 3.207803
Єc = 21538.11 Mpa

Mcr = 13.70416 Mpa

Mcr/Mu = 0.473682 < 1.0 Mpa

Conditions:
if :
Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = Ig
ion bars and plim are not needed
Mcr/Mu > 1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig

0.037653 Tension yields, fs=fy Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack

Ie = Icr
0.019682 Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2

0.019682 Compression steel yields,fs=fy

Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
mber of bars Ie = 7.65E+08 mm^4
16 mm
Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack
 k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
3 16 mm bars (2 - layers) k = 0.418827
note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2 y = kd = 125.6481 mm

mm OK Ie = Icr = 1.44E+08 mm^4

10 mm
Note: Mcr/Mu >1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
Compression bars are not needed
Ie = 2.1E+08 mm^4
-17 10 mm bars (1 - layer)
Ie = 7.65E+08 governs moderate crack

*For sustainable deflection

Sd = 0.263482 mm

*time factor to sustain loads - (3 months)

e=1
ρact = 0.005072
19.47595 provide reinforcement
x = e/(1+50ρ)
x= 0.797688

*Long Term Deflection

δall = 3.333333 mm

δ = Sdx
150 300 δ = 0.210177 mm SAFE
75 300

ritical Section
mm dia. Bar for stirrups

/Vs < 3Avfy/d

433.5398 mm

430 mm

0.36*fck*b FAIL
 Design of Singly/DOUBLY Flexural Beam
B-12
Mact = 1.924688 kN.m
Vact= 4.61925 kN
300 mm L= 3m Cc = 40 mm
b= 200 mm φmb = 12 mm
d= 300 mm fc = 21 Mpa
h= 356 mm fy = 276 Mpa
d' = 56 mm
Solving for beam dimension:
Steel ratios:
ρb = 0.037653
ρmax = 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
SINGLY for steel ratios.

179 mm w= 0.494863

Mu = Mmax
Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w)
1924688 = 6.622149 bd^2
bd^2 = 290643.9
assume: d= 2b

b^3 x 4 = 290643.9
b^3 72660.98
b= 41.72859 say 150 mm
d = 300 mm

m= 15.46218
Ru = 0.118808
1. Check if tension bars are needed

ρact = 0.000432
ρb = 0.037653
ρmax= 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
since : 0.000432 < 0.028239 Singly,reinforce tension only,
ign, this section is not needed)
use : ρ= 0.005072
As = 304.3478 mm^2
using : 12 mm dia. Bar
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2
N = 2.691026 say 3 12 mm dia. Bar
#VALUE! #VALUE! Nuse = 3 pcs
2. Check for flexural stress
 T=C
Asfy =0.85fcab
a = 23.52941 mm

Mu = 21.79059 kN.m

Since: 21.79059 > 1.924688 SAFE, SINGY DESIGN

Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN

c = 27.68166 mm
interior beams Єs = 0.029513
exterior beams Єy = 0.00138
since: 0.029513 > 0.00138 Steel yields
Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN
As1 = 1694.368 mm^2
a= 130.9932 mm

M1 = 98.69803 kN.m

Since: 98.69803 < 21.79059 therefore: Compression bars are not need

3. Compute steel areas

M2 = -76.90745 kN.m

As2 = -1268.899 mm^2

As = 425.4692 mm^2

4. Check ductility
Use: As = 1694.368
ρ= 0.028239
ρ' = -0.021148
note: if Compression bars and plim are not needed
use : ρ' = 0
+ [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig ρb = ρb + ρ' ρb = 0.037653

since: 0.028239 < 0.037653 Tension yields, fs=fy

ρlim = ρb + ρ' ρlim = 0.019003

since: 0.028239 > 0.019003 Compression steel yields,fs=fy

5. Select size and number of bars

for tension bars : using = 12 mm
 Ab = 113.0973 mm^2

N= 3.761973 say 4 12 mm bars

Nuse = 4 pcs note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2

Clear spacing: s = 17.33333 mm change beam dimension or bar dia.

for compression bars: using = 10 mm
Note:
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2 Compression bars are not needed

N= -16.15612 say -17 10 mm bars

moderate crack
3. Check for Beam shear

Vu = 4.61925 kN

φVc = 38.95189 kN
φVc/2= 19.47595 kN

since: 4.61925 > 19.47595 stirrups not needed

Vc = 45.82576 kN
2Vc = 91.65151 kN
4vc = 183.303 kN
Vs = -40.39135 kN

Conditions for Smax

if Vs < 2Vc s, = d/2 or 300 mm 150 300
if Vs > 2Vc s = d/4 or 300 mm 75 300
if Vs > 4Vc increase section

Vs < 2Vc Smax = 150

* reinforcement @ critical Section

using : 10 mm dia. Bar for stirrups
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
Av = 157.0796 mm^2

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

Sreq'd = -322.0045 mm 433.5398 mm

use: S 433.5398 say 430 mm

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall = 91.65151 kN > 4.61925 SAFE

 4. Check Developmen Length
LY Flexural Beam using: 12 mm^2
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2

Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =136.2328 mm
Ldmin = 0.06φfy = 198.72 mm or 300 mm

use : Ld = 300 mm

5. Check Bar Arrangement

AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv

AC = 186 mm OK

for horizontal arrangement

AC = 149 mm OK
for vertical arrangement
AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv h/2 = 178 mm
AC = 93 mm OK

6. Check Steel Ductility

using: 12 mm^2
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2

Asact = 339.292 mm

c = 205.4795
a = 174.6575

Asb = 2259.157 mm^2

Asmax = 1694.368 mm^2

Asmin = 304.3478 mm^2

Asmin < Asact < AsmaSAFE

nforce tension only, 7. Check for Moment Capacity

(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is not needed)
T=C
Asactfy = 0.85fcad
a = 17.48732 mm
C= 93.64459 kN
mm dia. Bar
Mu = 24.54712 kN.m > 1.924688 SAFE
8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment
 fs = 0.60fy= 165.6 Mpa

dc = 103 mm
ds = 66 mm

AC= 26400 mm^2

A= 8800 mm^2

Z= 16.02631 Mpa SAFE

Z < 30 Mpa, interior beams

< 25 Mpa, exterior beams

9. Check for Deflection

Ig = 7.52E+08 mm^4
yt = 178 mm
Compression bars are not needed
*Effective Moment Area
fr = 3.207803
Єc = 21538.11 Mpa

Mcr = 13.55147 Mpa

Mcr/Mu = 0.552059 < 1.0 Mpa

Conditions:
if :
Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = Ig

Mcr/Mu > 1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack

Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig

Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack

Ie = Icr
Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2

ion steel yields,fs=fy

Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = 7.52E+08 mm^4

Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack

 k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
(2 - layers) k = 0.566121
ar no is <2 , assume no. = 2 y = kd = 169.8363 mm

eam dimension or bar dia. Ie = Icr = 3.32E+08 mm^4

Mcr/Mu >1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack

Ie = 4.03E+08 mm^4
(1 - layer)
Ie = 7.52E+08 governs NO crack

*For sustainable deflection

Sd = 1.420907 mm

*time factor to sustain loads - (3 months)

e=1
ρact = 0.005072

x = e/(1+50ρ)
x= 0.797688

*Long Term Deflection

δall = 8.333333 mm

δ = Sdx
δ = 1.13344 mm SAFE
 Design of Singly/DOUBLY Flexural Beam
B-11
Mact = 7.59575 kN.m
Vact= 6.3408 kN
L= 4.8 m Cc = 40 mm
b= 200 mm φmb = 12 mm
d= 300 mm fc = 21 Mpa use : Ld =
h= 356 mm fy = 276 Mpa
d' = 56 mm
Solving for beam dimension:
Steel ratios:
ρb = 0.037653
ρmax = 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
SINGLY for steel ratios.

w= 0.494863

Mu = Mmax
Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w)
7595750 = 6.622149 bd^2
bd^2 = 1147022
assume: d= 2b

b^3 x 4 = 1147022
b^3 286755.5
b= 65.94328 say 170 mm
d = 340 mm

m= 15.46218
Ru = 0.468873
1. Check if tension bars are needed

ρact = 0.001722
ρb = 0.037653
ρmax= 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
since : 0.001722 < 0.028239 Singly,reinforce tension only,

use : ρ= 0.005072
As = 304.3478 mm^2
using : 12 mm dia. Bar
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2
N= 2.691026 say 3 12 mm dia. Bar

2. Check for flexural stress

T=C
Asfy =0.85fcab
a = 23.52941 mm

Mu = 21.79059 kN.m

Since: 21.79059 > 7.59575 SAFE, SINGY DESIGN

Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN

c = 27.68166 mm
Єs = 0.029513
Єy = 0.00138
since: 0.029513 > 0.00138 Steel yields
Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN
As1 = 1694.368 mm^2
a= 130.9932 mm

M1 = 98.69803 kN.m

Since: 98.69803 < 21.79059 therefore: Compression bars are not needed

3. Compute steel areas

M2 = -76.90745 kN.m

As2 = -1268.899 mm^2

As = 425.4692 mm^2

4. Check ductility
Use: As = 1694.368
ρ= 0.028239
ρ' = -0.021148
note: if Compression bars and plim are not needed
use : ρ' = 0
ρb = ρb + ρ' ρb = 0.037653

since: 0.028239 < 0.037653 Tension yields, fs=fy

ρlim = ρb + ρ' ρlim = 0.019003

since: 0.028239 > 0.019003 Compression steel yields,fs=fy

5. Select size and number of bars

for tension bars : using = 12 mm
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2

N= 3.761973 say 4 12 mm bars (2 - layers)

Nuse = 4 pcs note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2

Clear spacing: s = 17.33333 mm change beam dimension or bar dia.

for compression bars: using = 10 mm
Note:
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2 Compression bars are not needed

N= -16.15612 say -17 10 mm bars (1 - layer)

3. Check for Beam shear

Vu = 6.3408 kN

φVc = 38.95189 kN
φVc/2= 19.47595 kN

since: 6.3408 > 19.47595 stirrups not needed

Vc = 45.82576 kN
2Vc = 91.65151 kN
4vc = 183.303 kN
Vs = -38.36599 kN

Conditions for Smax

if Vs < 2Vc s, = d/2 or 300 mm 150 300
if Vs > 2Vc s = d/4 or 300 mm 75 300
if Vs > 4Vc increase section

Vs < 2Vc Smax = 150

* reinforcement @ critical Section

using : 10 mm dia. Bar for stirrups
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
Av = 157.0796 mm^2

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

Sreq'd = -339.0032 mm 433.5398 mm

use: S 433.5398 say 430 mm

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall = 91.65151 kN > 6.3408 SAFE

4. Check Developmen Length
using: 12 mm^2 Design of Singly
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2 B-10
Mact = 3.188875
Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =136.2328 mm Vact= 5.261644
Ldmin = 0.06φfy = 198.72 mm or 300 mm L= 3.3
b= 200
use : Ld = 198.72 mm d= 300
h= 356
5. Check Bar Arrangement d' = 56
Solving for beam dimension:
AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv Steel ratios:
AC = 186 mm OK ρb = 0.037653
ρmax = 0.028239
for horizontal arrangement ρmin = 0.005072
AC = 149 mm OK SINGLY
for vertical arrangement
AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv h/2 = 178 mm w= 0.494863
AC = 93 mm OK
Mu = Mmax
6. Check Steel Ductility Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w)
using: 12 mm^2 3188875 =
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2 bd^2 = 481546.8
assume: d=
Asact = 339.292 mm
b^3 x 4
c = 205.4795 b^3 120386.7
a = 174.6575 b= 49.37717
d =
Asb = 2259.157 mm^2
Asmax = 1694.368 mm^2 m= 15.46218
Ru = 0.196844
Asmin = 304.3478 mm^2 1. Check if tension bars are needed

Asmin < Asact < AsmaSAFE ρact = 0.000717

ρb = 0.037653
ρmax= 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
7. Check for Moment Capacity since : 0.000717
(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is not needed)
T=C use : ρ= 0.005072
Asactfy = 0.85fcad As = 304.3478
a = 17.48732 mm using : 12
C= 93.64459 kN Ab = 113.0973
N = 2.691026
Mu = 24.54712 kN.m > 7.59575 SAFE Nuse = 3
8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment 2. Check for flexural stress
fs = 0.60fy= 165.6 Mpa T=C
Asfy =0.85fcab
dc = 103 mm a = 23.52941
ds = 66 mm
Mu = 21.79059
AC= 26400 mm^2
A= 8800 mm^2 Since: 21.79059

Z= 16.02631 Mpa SAFE Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN

c = 27.68166
Z < 30 Mpa, interior beams Єs = 0.029513
< 25 Mpa, exterior beams Єy = 0.00138
since: 0.029513
9. Check for Deflection Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN
As1 = 1694.368
a= 130.9932

Ig = 7.52E+08 mm^4 M1 = 98.69803

yt = 178 mm
Since: 98.69803
*Effective Moment Area
fr = 3.207803 3. Compute steel areas
Єc = 21538.11 Mpa
M2 = -76.90745
Mcr = 13.55147 Mpa
As2 = -1268.899
Mcr/Mu = 0.552059 < 1.0 Mpa
As = 425.4692

Conditions: 4. Check ductility

if : Use: As = 1694.368
Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack ρ= 0.028239
Ie = Ig ρ' = -0.021148
note: if Compression bars and plim a
Mcr/Mu > 1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack use : ρ' = 0
Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig ρb = ρb + ρ' ρb =

Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack since: 0.028239

Ie = Icr
Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2 ρlim = ρb + ρ'

since: 0.028239
Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = 7.52E+08 mm^4 5. Select size and number of bars
for tension bars : using =
Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack
 Ab = 113.0973
k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
k = 0.566121 N= 3.761973
y = kd = 169.8363 mm Nuse = 4

Ie = Icr = 3.32E+08 mm^4 Clear spacing: s =

for compression bars: using =
Mcr/Mu >1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
Ab = 78.53982
Ie = 4.03E+08 mm^4
N= -16.15612
Ie = 7.52E+08 governs moderate crack
3. Check for Beam shear
*For sustainable deflection
Sd = 3.637522 mm Vu = 5.261644

*time factor to sustain loads - (3 months) φVc = 38.95189

e=1 φVc/2= 19.47595
ρact = 0.005072
since: 5.261644
x = e/(1+50ρ)
x= 0.797688 Vc = 45.82576
2Vc = 91.65151
*Long Term Deflection 4vc = 183.303
δall = 13.33333 mm Vs = -39.63559

δ = Sdx Conditions for Smax

δ = 2.901607 mm SAFE if Vs < 2Vc s, = d/2 or 300 mm
if Vs > 2Vc s = d/4 or 300 mm
if Vs > 4Vc increase section

Vs < 2Vc Smax =

* reinforcement @ critical Section

using : 10
Ab = 78.53982
Av = 157.0796

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs <

Sreq'd = -328.1443

use: S 433.5398

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall = 91.65151
 4. Check Developmen Length
Design of Singly/DOUBLY Flexural Beam using: 12 mm^2
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2
kN.m
kN Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =136.2328
m Cc = 40 mm Ldmin = 0.06φfy = 198.72
mm φmb = 12 mm
mm fc = 21 Mpa use : Ld = 300 mm
mm fy = 276 Mpa
mm 5. Check Bar Arrangement
r beam dimension:
AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv
AC = 186 mm

for horizontal arrangement

for steel ratios. AC = 149 mm
for vertical arrangement
AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv
AC = 93 mm

d^2w(1-0.59w) 6. Check Steel Ductility

6.622149 bd^2 using: 12 mm^2
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2
2b
Asact = 339.292 mm
= 481546.8
c = 205.4795
say 150 mm a = 174.6575
300 mm
Asb = 2259.157 mm^2
Asmax = 1694.368 mm^2

f tension bars are needed Asmin = 304.3478 mm^2

Asmin < Asact < AsmaSAFE

< 0.028239 Singly,reinforce tension only, 7. Check for Moment Capacity

(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is n
T=C
mm^2 Asactfy = 0.85fcad
mm dia. Bar a = 17.48732 mm
mm^2 C= 93.64459 kN
say 3 12 mm dia. Bar
pcs Mu = 24.54712 kN.m
or flexural stress 8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment
 fs = 0.60fy= 165.6 Mpa

mm dc = 103 mm
ds = 66 mm
kN.m
AC= 26400 mm^2
> 3.188875 SAFE, SINGY DESIGN A= 8800 mm^2

tress for SINGLY DESIGN Z= 16.02631 Mpa

mm
Z < 30 Mpa, interior beams
< 25 Mpa, exterior beams
> 0.00138 Steel yields
tress for DOUBLY DESIGN 9. Check for Deflection
mm^2
mm

kN.m Ig = 7.52E+08 mm^4

yt = 178 mm
< 21.79059 therefore: Compression bars are not needed
*Effective Moment Area
te steel areas fr = 3.207803
Єc = 21538.11 Mpa
kN.m
Mcr = 13.55147 Mpa
mm^2
Mcr/Mu = 0.552059 < 1.0 Mpa
mm^2

Conditions:
if :
Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = Ig
Compression bars and plim are not needed
Mcr/Mu > 1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
0.037653 Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]I

< 0.037653 Tension yields, fs=fy Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack
Ie = Icr
ρlim = 0.019003 Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2

> 0.019003 Compression steel yields,fs=fy

Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
size and number of bars Ie = 7.52E+08 mm^4
n bars : using = 12 mm
Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack
 mm^2
k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
say 4 12 mm bars (2 - layers) k = 0.566121
pcs note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2 y = kd = 169.8363 mm

17.33333 mm change beam dimension or bar dia. Ie = Icr = 3.32E+08 mm^4

ession bars: using = 10 mm
Note: Mcr/Mu >1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
mm^2 Compression bars are not needed
Ie = 4.03E+08 mm^4
say -17 10 mm bars (1 - layer)
Ie = 7.52E+08 governs
or Beam shear
*For sustainable deflection
kN Sd = 1.719297 mm

kN *time factor to sustain loads - (3 months)

kN e=1
ρact = 0.005072
> 19.47595 stirrups not needed
x = e/(1+50ρ)
kN x= 0.797688
kN
kN *Long Term Deflection
kN δall = 9.166667 mm

δ = Sdx
s = d/2 or 300 mm 150 300 δ = 1.371463 mm
s = d/4 or 300 mm 75 300
increase section

150

ement @ critical Section

mm dia. Bar for stirrups
mm^2
mm^2

Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

mm 433.5398 mm

say 430 mm

hear Capacity

kN > 5.261644 SAFE

 Design of Singly/DOUBLY Flexura
B-9
Mact = 2.642 kN.m
mm Vact= 4.3593 kN
mm or 300 mm L= 3.3 m Cc = 40
b= 200 mm φmb = 12
d= 300 mm fc = 21
h= 356 mm fy = 276
d' = 56 mm
Solving for beam dimension:
Steel ratios:
OK ρb = 0.037653
ρmax = 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
OK SINGLY for steel ratios.

h/2 = 178 mm w= 0.494863

OK
Mu = Mmax
Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w)
2642000 = 6.622149 bd^2
bd^2 = 398964.1
assume: d= 2b

b^3 x 4 = 398964.1
b^3 99741.03
b= 46.37579 say 170 mm
d = 340 mm

m= 15.46218
Ru = 0.163086
1. Check if tension bars are needed

ρact = 0.000594
ρb = 0.037653
ρmax= 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
since : 0.000594 < 0.028239 Singly,reinforce tension only,
Doubly Design, this section is not needed)
use : ρ= 0.005072
As = 304.3478 mm^2
using : 12 mm dia. Bar
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2
N= 2.691026 say 3 12
> 3.188875 SAFE
Cracking Moment 2. Check for flexural stress
 T=C
Asfy =0.85fcab
a = 23.52941 mm

Mu = 21.79059 kN.m

Since: 21.79059 > 2.642 SAFE, SINGY DESIGN

SAFE Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN

c = 27.68166 mm
< 30 Mpa, interior beams Єs = 0.029513
< 25 Mpa, exterior beams Єy = 0.00138
since: 0.029513 > 0.00138 Steel yields
Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN
As1 = 1694.368 mm^2
a= 130.9932 mm

M1 = 98.69803 kN.m

Since: 98.69803 < 21.79059 therefore:

3. Compute steel areas

M2 = -76.90745 kN.m

As2 = -1268.899 mm^2

As = 425.4692 mm^2

4. Check ductility
Use: As = 1694.368
ρ= 0.028239
ρ' = -0.021148
note: if Compression bars and plim are not needed
moderate crack use : ρ' = 0
Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig ρb = ρb + ρ' ρb = 0.037653

extensive crack since: 0.028239 < 0.037653 Tension yields, fs=fy

3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2 ρlim = ρb + ρ' ρlim = 0.019003

since: 0.028239 > 0.019003 Compression steel yields,fs=

5. Select size and number of bars

for tension bars : using = 12 mm
extensive crack
 Ab = 113.0973 mm^2

N= 3.761973 say 4 12
Nuse = 4 pcs note: if bar no is <2 , assume

Clear spacing: s = 17.33333 mm change beam dimension or b

for compression bars: using = 10 mm
moderate crack Note:
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2 Compression bars are not needed

N= -16.15612 say -17 10

NO crack
3. Check for Beam shear

Vu = 4.3593 kN

in loads - (3 months) φVc = 38.95189 kN

φVc/2= 19.47595 kN

since: 4.3593 > 19.47595 stirrups not needed

Vc = 45.82576 kN
2Vc = 91.65151 kN
4vc = 183.303 kN
Vs = -40.69717 kN

Conditions for Smax

SAFE if Vs < 2Vc s, = d/2 or 300 mm 150 300
if Vs > 2Vc s = d/4 or 300 mm 75 300
if Vs > 4Vc increase section

Vs < 2Vc Smax = 150

* reinforcement @ critical Section

using : 10 mm dia. Bar for stirrups
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
Av = 157.0796 mm^2

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

Sreq'd = -319.5847 mm 433.5398 mm

use: S 433.5398 say 430 mm

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall = 91.65151 kN > 4.3593 SAFE

 4. Check Developmen Length
DOUBLY Flexural Beam using: 12 mm^2
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2

Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =136.2328 mm
mm Ldmin = 0.06φfy = 198.72 mm or 300 mm
mm
Mpa use : Ld = 198.72 mm
Mpa
5. Check Bar Arrangement

AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv

AC = 186 mm OK

for horizontal arrangement

AC = 149 mm OK
for vertical arrangement
AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv h/2 = 178 mm
AC = 93 mm OK

6. Check Steel Ductility

using: 12 mm^2
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2

Asact = 339.292 mm

c = 205.4795
a = 174.6575

Asb = 2259.157 mm^2

Asmax = 1694.368 mm^2

Asmin = 304.3478 mm^2

Asmin < Asact < AsmaSAFE

Singly,reinforce tension only, 7. Check for Moment Capacity

(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is not needed)
T=C
Asactfy = 0.85fcad
a = 17.48732 mm
C= 93.64459 kN
mm dia. Bar
Mu = 24.54712 kN.m > 2.642 SAFE
8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment
 fs = 0.60fy= 165.6 Mpa

dc = 103 mm
ds = 66 mm

AC= 26400 mm^2

SAFE, SINGY DESIGN A= 8800 mm^2

Z= 16.02631 Mpa SAFE

Z < 30 Mpa, interior beams

< 25 Mpa, exterior beams
Steel yields
9. Check for Deflection

Ig = 7.52E+08 mm^4
yt = 178 mm
Compression bars are not needed
*Effective Moment Area
fr = 3.207803
Єc = 21538.11 Mpa

Mcr = 13.55147 Mpa

Mcr/Mu = 0.552059 < 1.0 Mpa

Conditions:
if :
Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = Ig
not needed
Mcr/Mu > 1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig

Tension yields, fs=fy Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack

Ie = Icr
Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2

Compression steel yields,fs=fy

Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = 7.52E+08 mm^4

Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack

 k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
mm bars (2 - layers) k = 0.566121
note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2 y = kd = 169.8363 mm

change beam dimension or bar dia. Ie = Icr = 3.32E+08 mm^4

Mcr/Mu >1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack

on bars are not needed
Ie = 4.03E+08 mm^4
mm bars (1 - layer)
Ie = 7.52E+08 governs moderate crack

*For sustainable deflection

Sd = 1.719297 mm

*time factor to sustain loads - (3 months)

e=1
ρact = 0.005072
stirrups not needed
x = e/(1+50ρ)
x= 0.797688

*Long Term Deflection

δall = 9.166667 mm

δ = Sdx
δ = 1.371463 mm SAFE
 Design of Singly/DOUBLY Flexural Beam
B-8
Mact = 3.70875 kN.m
Vact= 5.19225 kN
L= 3.5 m Cc = 40 mm
b= 200 mm φmb = 12 mm
d= 300 mm fc = 21 Mpa
h= 356 mm fy = 276 Mpa
d' = 56 mm
Solving for beam dimension:
Steel ratios:
ρb = 0.037653
ρmax = 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
SINGLY for steel ratios.

w= 0.494863

Mu = Mmax
Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w)
3708750 = 6.622149 bd^2
bd^2 = 560052.3
assume: d= 2b

b^3 x 4 = 560052.3
b^3 140013.1
b= 51.92656 say 150 mm
d = 300 mm

m= 15.46218
Ru = 0.228935
1. Check if tension bars are needed

ρact = 0.000835
ρb = 0.037653
ρmax= 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
since : 0.000835 < 0.028239 Singly,reinforce tension only,

use : ρ= 0.005072
As = 304.3478 mm^2
using : 12 mm dia. Bar
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2
N = 2.691026 say 3 12 mm dia. Bar
Nuse = 3 pcs
2. Check for flexural stress
T=C
Asfy =0.85fcab
a = 23.52941 mm

Mu = 21.79059 kN.m

Since: 21.79059 > 3.70875 SAFE, SINGY DESIGN

Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN

c = 27.68166 mm
Єs = 0.029513
Єy = 0.00138
since: 0.029513 > 0.00138 Steel yields
Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN
As1 = 1694.368 mm^2
a= 130.9932 mm

M1 = 98.69803 kN.m

Since: 98.69803 < 21.79059 therefore: Compression bars are not needed

3. Compute steel areas

M2 = -76.90745 kN.m

As2 = -1268.899 mm^2

As = 425.4692 mm^2

4. Check ductility
Use: As = 1694.368
ρ= 0.028239
ρ' = -0.021148
note: if Compression bars and plim are not needed
use : ρ' = 0
ρb = ρb + ρ' ρb = 0.037653

since: 0.028239 < 0.037653 Tension yields, fs=fy

ρlim = ρb + ρ' ρlim = 0.019003

since: 0.028239 > 0.019003 Compression steel yields,fs=fy

5. Select size and number of bars

for tension bars : using = 12 mm
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2

N= 3.761973 say 4 12 mm bars (2 - layers)

Nuse = 4 pcs note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2

Clear spacing: s = 17.33333 mm change beam dimension or bar dia.

for compression bars: using = 10 mm
Note:
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2 Compression bars are not needed

N= -16.15612 say -17 10 mm bars (1 - layer)

3. Check for Beam shear

Vu = 5.19225 kN

φVc = 38.95189 kN
φVc/2= 19.47595 kN

since: 5.19225 > 19.47595 stirrups not needed

Vc = 45.82576 kN
2Vc = 91.65151 kN
4vc = 183.303 kN
Vs = -39.71723 kN

Conditions for Smax

if Vs < 2Vc s, = d/2 or 300 mm 150 300
if Vs > 2Vc s = d/4 or 300 mm 75 300
if Vs > 4Vc increase section

Vs < 2Vc Smax = 150

* reinforcement @ critical Section

using : 10 mm dia. Bar for stirrups
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
Av = 157.0796 mm^2

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

Sreq'd = -327.4698 mm 433.5398 mm

use: S 433.5398 say 430 mm

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall = 91.65151 kN > 5.19225 SAFE

 4. Check Developmen Length
Beam using: 12 mm^2
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2

Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =136.2328 mm
Ldmin = 0.06φfy = 198.72 mm or 300 mm

use : Ld = 300 mm

5. Check Bar Arrangement

AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv

AC = 186 mm OK

for horizontal arrangement

AC = 149 mm OK
for vertical arrangement
AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv h/2 = 178 mm
AC = 93 mm OK

6. Check Steel Ductility

using: 12 mm^2
Ab = 113.0973 mm^2

Asact = 339.292 mm

c = 205.4795
a = 174.6575

Asb = 2259.157 mm^2

Asmax = 1694.368 mm^2

Asmin = 304.3478 mm^2

Asmin < Asact < AsmaSAFE

7. Check for Moment Capacity

(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is not needed)
T=C
Asactfy = 0.85fcad
a = 17.48732 mm
C= 93.64459 kN

Mu = 24.54712 kN.m > 3.70875 SAFE

8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment
fs = 0.60fy= 165.6 Mpa

dc = 103 mm
ds = 66 mm

AC= 26400 mm^2

A= 8800 mm^2

Z= 16.02631 Mpa SAFE

Z < 30 Mpa, interior beams

< 25 Mpa, exterior beams

9. Check for Deflection

Ig = 7.52E+08 mm^4
yt = 178 mm

*Effective Moment Area

fr = 3.207803
Єc = 21538.11 Mpa

Mcr = 13.55147 Mpa

Mcr/Mu = 0.552059 < 1.0 Mpa

Conditions:
if :
Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = Ig

Mcr/Mu > 1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack

Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig

Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack

Ie = Icr
Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2

Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack

Ie = 7.52E+08 mm^4

Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack

k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
k = 0.566121
y = kd = 169.8363 mm

Ie = Icr = 3.32E+08 mm^4

Mcr/Mu >1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack

Ie = 4.03E+08 mm^4

Ie = 7.52E+08 governs NO crack

*For sustainable deflection

Sd = 1.934012 mm

*time factor to sustain loads - (3 months)

e=1
ρact = 0.005072

x = e/(1+50ρ)
x= 0.797688

*Long Term Deflection

δall = 9.722222 mm

δ = Sdx
δ = 1.542738 mm SAFE
 4. Check Developmen Length
Design of Singly/DOUBLY Flexural Beam using:
B-7 Ab =
Mact = 40.52708 kN.m
Vact= 73.63391 kN Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =
L= 3.5 m Cc = 40 mm Ldmin = 0.06φfy =
b= 250 mm φmb = 16 mm
d= 375 mm fc = 21 Mpa use : Ld =
h= 433 mm fy = 276 Mpa
d' = 58 mm 5. Check Bar Arrangement
Solving for beam dimension:
Steel ratios: AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv
ρb = 0.037653 AC =
ρmax = 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072 for horizontal arrangement
SINGLY for steel ratios. AC =
for vertical arrangement
w= 0.494863 AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv
AC =
Mu = Mmax
Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w) 6. Check Steel Ductility
40527075 = 6.622149 bd^2 using:
bd^2 = 6119928 Ab =
assume: d= 2b
Asact =
b^3 x 4 = 6119928
b^3 1529982 c=
b= 115.2291 say 150 mm a=
d = 300 mm
Asb =
m= 15.46218 Asmax =
Ru = 1.280856
1. Check if tension bars are needed Asmin =

ρact = 0.00482 Asmin < Asact < Asma

ρb = 0.037653
ρmax= 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
since : 0.00482 < 0.028239 Singly,reinforce tension only, 7. Check for Moment Capacit

use : ρ= 0.005072 T=C

As = 475.5435 mm^2 Asactfy = 0.85fcad
using : 16 mm dia. Bar a=
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2 C=
N = 2.365159 say 3 16 mm dia. Bar
Nuse = 3 pcs Mu =
2. Check for flexural stress 8. Check for Flexural Cracking
T=C fs = 0.60fy=
Asfy =0.85fcab
a = 29.41176 mm dc =
ds =
Mu = 42.55974 kN.m
AC=
Since: 42.55974 > 40.52708 SAFE, SINGY DESIGN A=

Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN Z=

c = 34.60208 mm
Єs = 0.029513
Єy = 0.00138
since: 0.029513 > 0.00138 Steel yields
Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN 9. Check for Deflection
As1 = 2647.45 mm^2
a= 163.7414 mm

M1 = 192.7696 kN.m Ig =
yt =
Since: 192.7696 < 42.55974 therefore: Compression bars are not needed
*Effective Moment Area
3. Compute steel areas fr =
Єc =
M2 = -150.2099 kN.m
Mcr =
As2 = -1907.601 mm^2
Mcr/Mu =
As = 739.8487 mm^2

4. Check ductility Conditions:

Use: As = 2647.45 if :
ρ= 0.028239 Mcr/Mu
ρ' = -0.020348
note: if Compression bars and plim are not needed
use : ρ' = 0 Mcr/Mu
ρb = ρb + ρ' ρb = 0.037653

since: 0.028239 < 0.037653 Tension yields, fs=fy Mcr/Mu

ρlim = ρb + ρ' ρlim = 0.015745

since: 0.028239 > 0.015745 Compression steel yields,fs=fy

Mcr/Mu
5. Select size and number of bars Ie =
for tension bars : using = 16 mm
Mcr/Mu
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2
k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
N= 3.679706 say 4 16 mm bars (2 - layers) k=
Nuse = 4 pcs note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2 y = kd =

Clear spacing: s = 28.66667 mm OK Ie = Icr =

for compression bars: using = 10 mm
Note: Mcr/Mu
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2 Compression bars are not needed
Ie =
N= -24.28833 say -25 10 mm bars (1 - layer)
Ie =
3. Check for Beam shear
*For sustainable deflection
Vu = 73.63391 kN Sd =

φVc = 60.86233 kN *time factor to sustain loads

φVc/2= 30.43117 kN e=
ρact =
since: 73.63391 > 30.43117 provide reinforcement
x = e/(1+50ρ)
Vc = 71.60275 kN x=
2Vc = 143.2055 kN
4vc = 286.411 kN *Long Term Deflection
Vs = 15.02538 kN δall =

Conditions for Smax δ = Sdx

if Vs < 2Vc s, = d/2 or 300 mm 187.5 300 δ =
if Vs > 2Vc s = d/4 or 300 mm 93.75 300
if Vs > 4Vc increase section

Vs < 2Vc Smax = 187.5

* reinforcement @ critical Section

using : 10 mm dia. Bar for stirrups
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
Av = 157.0796 mm^2

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

Sreq'd = 1082.019 mm 346.8318 mm

use: S 346.8318 say 340 mm

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall = 143.2055 kN > 73.63391 SAFE

4. Check Developmen Length
16 mm^2 Design of Singly/DOU
201.0619 mm^2 B-6
Mact = -63.04477 kN.m
Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =242.1917 mm Vact= 44.60856 kN
Ldmin = 0.06φfy = 264.96 mm or 300 mm L= 1.2 m
b= 300 mm
300 mm d= 400 mm
h= 458 mm
5. Check Bar Arrangement d' = 58 mm
Solving for beam dimension:
AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv Steel ratios:
198 mm OK ρb = 0.037653
ρmax = 0.028239
for horizontal arrangement ρmin = 0.005072
157 mm OK SINGLY for steel ratios.
for vertical arrangement
AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv h/2 = 216.5 mm w= 0.494863
99 mm OK
Mu = Mmax
6. Check Steel Ductility Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w)
16 mm^2 -63044770 = 6.622149
201.0619 mm^2 bd^2 = -9520288
assume: d= 2
603.1858 mm
b^3 x 4 =
256.8493 b^3 -2380072
218.3219 b= -133.515 say
d =
3529.933 mm^2
2647.45 mm^2 m= 15.46218
Ru = -1.45937
475.5435 mm^2 1. Check if tension bars are needed

Asmin < Asact < AsmaSAFE ρact = -0.005087

ρb = 0.037653
ρmax= 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
7. Check for Moment Capacity since : -0.005087 <
(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is not needed)
use : ρ= 0.005072
Asactfy = 0.85fcad As = 608.6957 mm^2
24.87085 mm using : 16 mm dia. Bar
166.4793 kN Ab = 201.0619 mm^2
N= 3.027404 say
54.32354 kN.m > 40.52708 SAFE
8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment 2. Check for flexural stress
 165.6 Mpa T=C
Asfy =0.85fcab
109 mm a = 31.37255 mm
68 mm
Mu = 58.10824 kN.m
34000 mm^2
11333.33 mm^2 Since: 58.10824 >

17.76868 Mpa SAFE Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN

c = 36.90888 mm
Z < 30 Mpa, interior beams Єs = 0.029513
< 25 Mpa, exterior beams Єy = 0.00138
since: 0.029513 >
9. Check for Deflection Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN
As1 = 3388.736 mm^2
a= 174.6575 mm

1.69E+09 mm^4 M1 = 263.1948 kN.m

216.5 mm
Since: 263.1948 <
*Effective Moment Area
3.207803 3. Compute steel areas
21538.11 Mpa
M2 = -205.0865 kN.m
25.05949 Mpa
As2 = -2414.123 mm^2
0.461301 < 1.0 Mpa
As = 974.6127 mm^2

Conditions: 4. Check ductility

Use: As = 3388.736
< 1.0 no crack ρ= 0.028239
Ie = Ig ρ' = -0.020118
note: if Compression bars and plim are not nee
> 1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack use : ρ' = 0
Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig ρb = ρb + ρ' ρb = 0.037653

> 3.0 extensive crack since: 0.028239 <

Ie = Icr
Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2 ρlim = ρb + ρ' ρlim =

since: 0.028239 >

< 1.0 no crack
1.69E+09 mm^4 5. Select size and number of bars
for tension bars : using =
> 3.0 extensive crack
 Ab = 201.0619 mm^2
k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
0.566121 N= 4.847326 say
212.2954 mm Nuse = 5 pcs

8.13E+08 mm^4 Clear spacing: s = 30

for compression bars: using =
>1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
8.99E+08 mm^4
N= -30.73757 say
1.69E+09 governs NO crack
3. Check for Beam shear
*For sustainable deflection
1.902931 mm Vu = 44.60856 kN

*time factor to sustain loads - (3 months) φVc = 77.90379 kN

1 φVc/2= 38.95189 kN
0.005072
since: 44.60856 >
x = e/(1+50ρ)
0.797688 Vc = 91.65151 kN
2Vc = 183.303 kN
*Long Term Deflection 4vc = 366.6061 kN
9.722222 mm Vs = -39.17086 kN

Conditions for Smax

1.517945 mm SAFE if Vs < 2Vc s, = d/2 or 300 mm
if Vs > 2Vc s = d/4 or 300 mm
if Vs > 4Vc increase section

Vs < 2Vc Smax = 200

* reinforcement @ critical Section

using : 10 mm dia. Bar for stirrups
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
Av = 157.0796 mm^2

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

Sreq'd = -442.7166 mm

use: S 325.1548 say

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall = 183.303 kN >

 4. Check Developmen Length
gn of Singly/DOUBLY Flexural Beam using: 16 mm^2
Ab = 201.0619298297 mm^2

Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc = 242.1917
Cc = 40 mm Ldmin = 0.06φfy = 264.96
φmb = 16 mm
fc = 21 Mpa use : Ld = 264.96 mm
fy = 276 Mpa
5. Check Bar Arrangement

AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv

AC = 239 mm

for horizontal arrangement

for steel ratios. AC = 157 mm
for vertical arrangement
AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv
AC = 99 mm

6. Check Steel Ductility

bd^2 using: 16 mm^2
Ab = 201.0619298297 mm^2
b
Asact = 804.247719319 mm
-9520288
c = 273.9726027397
170 mm a = 232.8767123288
340 mm
Asb = 4518.314472901 mm^2
Asmax = 3388.735854675 mm^2

ars are needed Asmin = 608.6956521739 mm^2

Asmin < Asact < Asmax SAFE

0.028239 Singly,reinforce tension only, 7. Check for Moment Capacity

(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is not needed
T=C
Asactfy = 0.85fcad
mm dia. Bar a = 31.08856730141 mm
C= 221.972370532 kN
4 16 mm dia. Bar
Mu = 76.80469205038 kN.m
8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment
 fs = 0.60fy= 165.6 Mpa

dc = 109 mm
ds = 68 mm

AC= 40800 mm^2

-63.04477 SAFE, SINGY DESIGN A= 10200 mm^2

NGLY DESIGN Z= 17.15546743138 Mpa

Z < 30 Mpa, interior beams

< 25 Mpa, exterior beams
0.00138 Steel yields
OUBLY DESIGN 9. Check for Deflection

Ig = 2401797800 mm^4
yt = 229 mm
58.10824 therefore: Compression bars are not needed
*Effective Moment Area
fr = 3.207802986469
Єc = 21538.10576629 Mpa

Mcr = 33.64407928269 Mpa

Mcr/Mu = 0.438047186761 < 1.0 Mpa

Conditions:
if :
Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = Ig
ion bars and plim are not needed
Mcr/Mu > 1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig

0.037653 Tension yields, fs=fy Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack

Ie = Icr
0.014761 Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2

0.014761 Compression steel yields,fs=fy

Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
mber of bars Ie = 2401797800 mm^4
16 mm
Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack
 k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
5 16 mm bars (2 - layers) k = 0.710296151794
note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2 y = kd = 284.1184607175 mm

mm OK Ie = Icr = 2304297831.609 mm^4

10 mm
Note: Mcr/Mu >1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
Compression bars are not needed
Ie = 2312493175.11 mm^4
-31 10 mm bars (1 - layer)
Ie = 2401797800 governs

*For sustainable deflection

Sd = 0.222707613059 mm

*time factor to sustain loads - (3 months)

e=1
ρact = 0.005072463768
38.95189 provide reinforcement
x = e/(1+50ρ)
x= 0.797687861272

*Long Term Deflection

δall = 3.333333333333 mm

δ = Sdx
200 300 δ = 0.17765115955 mm
100 300

ritical Section
mm dia. Bar for stirrups

/Vs < 3Avfy/d

325.1548 mm

320 mm

44.60856 SAFE
 Design of Singly/DOUBLY Flexura
B-5
Mact = 29.72704 kN.m
mm Vact= 71.34489 kN
mm or 300 mm L= 3m Cc = 40
b= 300 mm φmb = 16
d= 400 mm fc = 21
h= 458 mm fy = 276
d' = 58 mm
Solving for beam dimension:
Steel ratios:
OK ρb = 0.037653
ρmax = 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
OK SINGLY for steel ratios.

h/2 = 229 mm w= 0.494863

OK
Mu = Mmax
Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w)
29727038 = 6.622149 bd^2
bd^2 = 4489032
assume: d= 2b

b^3 x 4 = 4489032
b^3 1122258
b= 103.9196 say 150 mm
d = 300 mm

m= 15.46218
Ru = 0.688126
1. Check if tension bars are needed

ρact = 0.002543
ρb = 0.037653
ρmax= 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
since : 0.002543 < 0.028239 Singly,reinforce tension only,
Design, this section is not needed)
use : ρ= 0.005072
As = 608.6957 mm^2
using : 16 mm dia. Bar
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2
N = 3.027404 say 4 16
> -63.04477 SAFE Nuse = 4 pcs
2. Check for flexural stress
 T=C
Asfy =0.85fcab
a = 31.37255 mm

Mu = 58.10824 kN.m

Since: 58.10824 > 29.72704 SAFE, SINGY DESIGN

SAFE Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN

c = 36.90888 mm
< 30 Mpa, interior beams Єs = 0.029513
< 25 Mpa, exterior beams Єy = 0.00138
since: 0.029513 > 0.00138 Steel yields
Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN
As1 = 3388.736 mm^2
a= 174.6575 mm

M1 = 263.1948 kN.m

Since: 263.1948 < 58.10824 therefore:

3. Compute steel areas

M2 = -205.0865 kN.m

As2 = -2414.123 mm^2

As = 974.6127 mm^2

4. Check ductility
Use: As = 3388.736
ρ= 0.028239
ρ' = -0.020118
note: if Compression bars and plim are not needed
moderate crack use : ρ' = 0
Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig ρb = ρb + ρ' ρb = 0.037653

extensive crack since: 0.028239 < 0.037653 Tension yields, fs=fy

ρlim = ρb + ρ' ρlim = 0.014761

since: 0.028239 > 0.014761 Compression steel yields,fs=

5. Select size and number of bars

for tension bars : using = 16 mm
extensive crack
 Ab = 201.0619 mm^2

N= 4.847326 say 5 16
Nuse = 5 pcs note: if bar no is <2 , assume

Clear spacing: s = 30 mm OK
for compression bars: using = 10 mm
moderate crack Note:
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2 Compression bars are not needed

N= -30.73757 say -31 10

moderate crack
3. Check for Beam shear

Vu = 71.34489 kN

s - (3 months) φVc = 77.90379 kN

φVc/2= 38.95189 kN

since: 71.34489 > 38.95189 provide reinforcement

Vc = 91.65151 kN
2Vc = 183.303 kN
4vc = 366.6061 kN
Vs = -7.716349 kN

Conditions for Smax

SAFE if Vs < 2Vc s, = d/2 or 300 mm 200 300
if Vs > 2Vc s = d/4 or 300 mm 100 300
if Vs > 4Vc increase section

Vs < 2Vc Smax = 200

* reinforcement @ critical Section

using : 10 mm dia. Bar for stirrups
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
Av = 157.0796 mm^2

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

Sreq'd = -2247.383 mm 325.1548 mm

use: S 325.1548 say 320 mm

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall = 183.303 kN > 71.34489 SAFE

 4. Check Developmen Length
DOUBLY Flexural Beam using: 16 mm^2
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2

Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =242.1917 mm
mm Ldmin = 0.06φfy = 264.96 mm or 300 mm
mm
Mpa use : Ld = 300 mm
Mpa
5. Check Bar Arrangement

AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv

AC = 239 mm OK

for horizontal arrangement

AC = 157 mm OK
for vertical arrangement
AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv h/2 = 229 mm
AC = 99 mm OK

6. Check Steel Ductility

using: 16 mm^2
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2

Asact = 804.2477 mm

c = 273.9726
a = 232.8767

Asb = 4518.314 mm^2

Asmax = 3388.736 mm^2

Asmin = 608.6957 mm^2

Asmin < Asact < AsmaSAFE

Singly,reinforce tension only, 7. Check for Moment Capacity

(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is not needed)
T=C
Asactfy = 0.85fcad
a = 31.08857 mm
C= 221.9724 kN
mm dia. Bar
Mu = 76.80469 kN.m > 29.72704 SAFE
8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment
 fs = 0.60fy= 165.6 Mpa

dc = 109 mm
ds = 68 mm

AC= 40800 mm^2

SAFE, SINGY DESIGN A= 10200 mm^2

Z= 17.15547 Mpa SAFE

Z < 30 Mpa, interior beams

< 25 Mpa, exterior beams
Steel yields
9. Check for Deflection

Ig = 2.4E+09 mm^4
yt = 229 mm
Compression bars are not needed
*Effective Moment Area
fr = 3.207803
Єc = 21538.11 Mpa

Mcr = 33.64408 Mpa

Mcr/Mu = 0.438047 < 1.0 Mpa

Conditions:
if :
Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = Ig
not needed
Mcr/Mu > 1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig

Tension yields, fs=fy Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack

Ie = Icr
Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2

Compression steel yields,fs=fy

Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = 2.4E+09 mm^4

Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack

 k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
mm bars (2 - layers) k = 0.710296
note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2 y = kd = 284.1185 mm

Ie = Icr = 2.3E+09 mm^4

Mcr/Mu >1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack

on bars are not needed
Ie = 2.31E+09 mm^4
mm bars (1 - layer)
Ie = 2.4E+09 governs NO crack

*For sustainable deflection

Sd = 1.391923 mm

*time factor to sustain loads - (3 months)

e=1
ρact = 0.005072
provide reinforcement
x = e/(1+50ρ)
x= 0.797688

*Long Term Deflection

δall = 8.333333 mm

δ = Sdx
δ = 1.11032 mm SAFE
 Design of Singly/DOUBLY Flexural Beam
B-4
Mact = 134.0342 kN.m
Vact= 111.8894 kN
L= 4.8 m Cc = 40 mm
b= 300 mm φmb = 16 mm
d= 400 mm fc = 21 Mpa
h= 458 mm fy = 276 Mpa
d' = 58 mm
Solving for beam dimension:
Steel ratios:
ρb = 0.037653
ρmax = 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
SINGLY for steel ratios.

w= 0.494863

Mu = Mmax
Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w)
1.34E+08 = 6.622149 bd^2
bd^2 = 20240291
assume: d= 2b

b^3 x 4 = 20240291
b^3 5060073
b= 171.6797 say 170 mm
d = 340 mm

m= 15.46218
Ru = 3.102644
1. Check if tension bars are needed

ρact = 0.012437
ρb = 0.037653
ρmax= 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
since : 0.012437 < 0.028239 Singly,reinforce tension only,

use : ρ= 0.005072
As = 608.6957 mm^2
using : 16 mm dia. Bar
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2
N= 3.027404 say 4 16 mm dia. Bar

2. Check for flexural stress

T=C
Asfy =0.85fcab
a = 31.37255 mm

Mu = 58.10824 kN.m

Since: 58.10824 > 134.0342 DOUBLY DESIGN

Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN

c = 36.90888 mm
Єs = 0.029513
Єy = 0.00138
since: 0.029513 > 0.00138 Steel yields
Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN
As1 = 3388.736 mm^2
a= 174.6575 mm

M1 = 263.1948 kN.m

Since: 263.1948 < 58.10824 therefore: Compression bars are not needed

3. Compute steel areas

M2 = -205.0865 kN.m

As2 = -2414.123 mm^2

As = 974.6127 mm^2

4. Check ductility
Use: As = 3388.736
ρ= 0.028239
ρ' = -0.020118
note: if Compression bars and plim are not needed
use : ρ' = 0
ρb = ρb + ρ' ρb = 0.037653

since: 0.028239 < 0.037653 Tension yields, fs=fy

ρlim = ρb + ρ' ρlim = 0.014761

since: 0.028239 > 0.014761 Compression steel yields,fs=fy

5. Select size and number of bars

for tension bars : using = 16 mm
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2

N= 4.847326 say 5 16 mm bars (2 - layers)

Nuse = 5 pcs note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2

Clear spacing: s = 30 mm OK
for compression bars: using = 10 mm
Note:
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2 Compression bars are not needed

N= -30.73757 say -31 10 mm bars (1 - layer)

3. Check for Beam shear

Vu = 111.8894 kN

φVc = 77.90379 kN
φVc/2= 38.95189 kN

since: 111.8894 > 38.95189 provide reinforcement

Vc = 91.65151 kN
2Vc = 183.303 kN
4vc = 366.6061 kN
Vs = 39.98312 kN

Conditions for Smax

if Vs < 2Vc s, = d/2 or 300 mm 200 300
if Vs > 2Vc s = d/4 or 300 mm 100 300
if Vs > 4Vc increase section

Vs < 2Vc Smax = 200

* reinforcement @ critical Section

using : 10 mm dia. Bar for stirrups
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
Av = 157.0796 mm^2

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

Sreq'd = 433.7228 mm 325.1548 mm

use: S 325.1548 say 320 mm

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall = 183.303 kN > 111.8894 SAFE

 4. Check Developmen Length
Beam using: 16 mm^2 Design of
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2 B-3
Mact =
Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =242.1917 mm Vact=
Ldmin = 0.06φfy = 264.96 mm or 300 mm L=
b=
use : Ld = 264.96 mm d=
h=
5. Check Bar Arrangement d' =
Solving for beam dimension:
AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv Steel ratios:
AC = 239 mm OK ρb =
ρmax =
for horizontal arrangement ρmin =
AC = 157 mm OK
for vertical arrangement
AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv h/2 = 229 mm w=
AC = 99 mm OK
Mu = Mmax
6. Check Steel Ductility Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w)
using: 16 mm^2 52595685
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2 bd^2 =
assume:
Asact = 804.2477 mm
b^3 x
c = 273.9726 b^3
a = 232.8767 b=
d =
Asb = 4518.314 mm^2
Asmax = 3388.736 mm^2 m=
Ru =
Asmin = 608.6957 mm^2 1. Check if tension bars are n

Asmin < Asact < AsmaSAFE ρact =

ρb =
ρmax=
ρmin =
7. Check for Moment Capacity since :
(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is not needed)
T=C use : ρ=
Asactfy = 0.85fcad As =
a = 31.08857 mm using :
C= 221.9724 kN Ab =
N=
Mu = 76.80469 kN.m > 134.0342 FAIL Nuse =
8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment 2. Check for flexural stress
fs = 0.60fy= 165.6 Mpa T=C
Asfy =0.85fcab
dc = 109 mm a=
ds = 68 mm
Mu =
AC= 40800 mm^2
A= 10200 mm^2 Since:

Z= 17.15547 Mpa SAFE Flexural Stress for SINGLY DE

c=
Z < 30 Mpa, interior beams Єs =
< 25 Mpa, exterior beams Єy =
since:
9. Check for Deflection Flexural Stress for DOUBLY D
As1 =
a=

Ig = 2.4E+09 mm^4 M1 =
yt = 229 mm
Since:
*Effective Moment Area
fr = 3.207803 3. Compute steel areas
Єc = 21538.11 Mpa
M2 =
Mcr = 33.64408 Mpa
As2 =
Mcr/Mu = 0.438047 < 1.0 Mpa
As =

Conditions: 4. Check ductility

if : Use: As =
Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack ρ=
Ie = Ig ρ' =
note: if
Mcr/Mu > 1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack use : ρ' =
Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig ρb = ρb + ρ'

Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack since:

Ie = Icr
Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2 ρlim = ρb + ρ'

since:
Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = 2.4E+09 mm^4 5. Select size and number of
for tension bars : using =
Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack
 Ab =
k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
k = 0.710296 N=
y = kd = 284.1185 mm Nuse =

Ie = Icr = 2.3E+09 mm^4 Clear spacing: s =

for compression bars: using
Mcr/Mu >1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
Ab =
Ie = 2.31E+09 mm^4
N=
Ie = 2.4E+09 governs moderate crack
3. Check for Beam shear
*For sustainable deflection
Sd = 3.563322 mm Vu =

*time factor to sustain loads - (3 months) φVc =

e=1 φVc/2=
ρact = 0.005072
since:
x = e/(1+50ρ)
x= 0.797688 Vc =
2Vc =
*Long Term Deflection 4vc =
δall = 13.33333 mm Vs =

δ = Sdx Conditions for Smax

δ = 2.842419 mm SAFE if Vs < 2Vc ,
if Vs > 2Vc
if Vs > 4Vc

Vs < 2Vc

* reinforcement @ critical Se
using :
Ab =
Av =

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs
Sreq'd =

use: S

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall =
 4. Check Developmen Length
Design of Singly/DOUBLY Flexural Beam using: 16
Ab = 201.0619
52.59569 kN.m
86.78288 kN Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =
3.3 m Cc = 40 mm Ldmin = 0.06φfy =
300 mm φmb = 16 mm
400 mm fc = 21 Mpa use : Ld = 300
458 mm fy = 276 Mpa
58 mm 5. Check Bar Arrangement
Solving for beam dimension:
Steel ratios: AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv
0.037653 AC = 239
0.028239
0.005072 for horizontal arrangement
SINGLY for steel ratios. AC = 157
for vertical arrangement
0.494863 AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv
AC = 99
Mu = Mmax
Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w) 6. Check Steel Ductility
= 6.622149 bd^2 using: 16
7942389 Ab = 201.0619
d= 2b
Asact = 804.2477
4 = 7942389
1985597 c = 273.9726
125.6889 say 150 mm a = 232.8767
300 mm
Asb = 4518.314
15.46218 Asmax = 3388.736
1.217493
1. Check if tension bars are needed Asmin = 608.6957

0.004573 Asmin < Asact < Asma

0.037653
0.028239
0.005072
0.004573 < 0.028239 Singly,reinforce tension only, 7. Check for Moment Capacity
(Note: if Doubly Design, this
0.005072 T=C
608.6957 mm^2 Asactfy = 0.85fcad
16 mm dia. Bar a = 31.08857
201.0619 mm^2 C= 221.9724
3.027404 say 4 16 mm dia. Bar
4 pcs Mu = 76.80469
2. Check for flexural stress 8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment
 fs = 0.60fy= 165.6
Asfy =0.85fcab
31.37255 mm dc = 109
ds = 68
58.10824 kN.m
AC= 40800
58.10824 > 52.59569 SAFE, SINGY DESIGN A= 10200

Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN Z= 17.15547

36.90888 mm
0.029513 Z
0.00138
0.029513 > 0.00138 Steel yields
Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN 9. Check for Deflection
3388.736 mm^2
174.6575 mm

263.1948 kN.m Ig = 2.4E+09

yt = 229
263.1948 < 58.10824 therefore: Compression bars are not needed
*Effective Moment Area
3. Compute steel areas fr = 3.207803
Єc = 21538.11
-205.0865 kN.m
Mcr = 33.64408
-2414.123 mm^2
Mcr/Mu = 0.438047
974.6127 mm^2

4. Check ductility Conditions:

3388.736 if :
0.028239 Mcr/Mu < 1.0
-0.020118 Ie = Ig
Compression bars and plim are not needed
0 Mcr/Mu > 1.0 < 3.0
ρb = 0.037653 Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(M

0.028239 < 0.037653 Tension yields, fs=fy Mcr/Mu > 3.0

Ie = Icr
ρlim = ρb + ρ' ρlim = 0.014761 Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2

0.028239 > 0.014761 Compression steel yields,fs=fy

Mcr/Mu < 1.0
5. Select size and number of bars Ie = 2.4E+09
for tension bars : using = 16 mm
Mcr/Mu > 3.0
 201.0619 mm^2
k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
4.847326 say 5 16 mm bars (2 - layers) k = 0.710296
5 pcs note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2 y = kd = 284.1185

Clear spacing: s = 30 mm OK Ie = Icr = 2.3E+09

for compression bars: using = 10 mm
Note: Mcr/Mu >1.0 < 3.0
78.53982 mm^2 Compression bars are not needed
Ie = 2.31E+09
-30.73757 say -31 10 mm bars (1 - layer)
Ie = 2.4E+09
3. Check for Beam shear
*For sustainable deflection
86.78288 kN Sd = 1.684226

77.90379 kN *time factor to sustain loads - (3 month

38.95189 kN e=1
ρact = 0.005072
86.78288 > 38.95189 provide reinforcement
x = e/(1+50ρ)
91.65151 kN x= 0.797688
183.303 kN
366.6061 kN *Long Term Deflection
10.44599 kN δall = 9.166667

Conditions for Smax δ = Sdx

s = d/2 or 300 mm 200 300 δ = 1.343487
s = d/4 or 300 mm 100 300
increase section

Smax = 200

* reinforcement @ critical Section

10 mm dia. Bar for stirrups
78.53982 mm^2
157.0796 mm^2

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

1660.119 mm 325.1548 mm

325.1548 say 320 mm

* Check Shear Capacity

183.303 kN > 86.78288 SAFE

Developmen Length
mm^2 Design of Singly/DOUBLY F
mm^2 B-2
Mact = 22.42476 kN.m
242.1917 mm Vact= 37.00085 kN
264.96 mm or 300 mm L= 3.3 m Cc =
b= 300 mm φmb =
mm d= 400 mm fc =
h= 458 mm fy =
Bar Arrangement d' = 58 mm
Solving for beam dimension:
+ 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv Steel ratios:
mm OK ρb = 0.037653
ρmax = 0.028239
ntal arrangement ρmin = 0.005072
mm OK SINGLY for steel ratios.
al arrangement
ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv h/2 = 229 mm w= 0.494863
mm OK
Mu = Mmax
Steel Ductility Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w)
mm^2 22424760 = 6.622149 bd^2
mm^2 bd^2 = 3386327
assume: d= 2b
mm
b^3 x 4 = 3386327
b^3 846581.6
b= 94.59967 say 170
d = 340
mm^2
mm^2 m= 15.46218
Ru = 0.519092
mm^2 1. Check if tension bars are needed

SAFE ρact = 0.001909

ρb = 0.037653
ρmax= 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
or Moment Capacity since : 0.001909 < 0.028239
(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is not needed)
use : ρ= 0.005072
As = 608.6957 mm^2
mm using : 16 mm dia. Bar
kN Ab = 201.0619 mm^2
N= 3.027404 say 4
kN.m > 52.59569 SAFE
or Flexural Cracking Moment 2. Check for flexural stress
 Mpa T=C
Asfy =0.85fcab
mm a = 31.37255 mm
mm
Mu = 58.10824 kN.m
mm^2
mm^2 Since: 58.10824 > 22.42476

Mpa SAFE Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN

c = 36.90888 mm
< 30 Mpa, interior beams Єs = 0.029513
< 25 Mpa, exterior beams Єy = 0.00138
since: 0.029513 > 0.00138
or Deflection Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN
As1 = 3388.736 mm^2
a= 174.6575 mm

mm^4 M1 = 263.1948 kN.m

mm
Since: 263.1948 < 58.10824
Moment Area
3. Compute steel areas
Mpa
M2 = -205.0865 kN.m
Mpa
As2 = -2414.123 mm^2
< 1.0 Mpa
As = 974.6127 mm^2

4. Check ductility
Use: As = 3388.736
no crack ρ= 0.028239
ρ' = -0.020118
note: if Compression bars and plim are not needed
moderate crack use : ρ' = 0
Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig ρb = ρb + ρ' ρb = 0.037653

extensive crack since: 0.028239 < 0.037653

Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2 ρlim = ρb + ρ' ρlim = 0.014761

since: 0.028239 > 0.014761

no crack
mm^4 5. Select size and number of bars
for tension bars : using = 16
extensive crack
 Ab = 201.0619 mm^2

N= 4.847326 say 5
mm Nuse = 5 pcs

mm^4 Clear spacing: s = 30 mm

for compression bars: using = 10
moderate crack Note:
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2 Compression bars are not need
mm^4
N= -30.73757 say -31
governs NO crack
3. Check for Beam shear
ainable deflection
mm Vu = 37.00085 kN

tor to sustain loads - (3 months) φVc = 77.90379 kN

φVc/2= 38.95189 kN

since: 37.00085 > 38.95189

Vc = 91.65151 kN
2Vc = 183.303 kN
m Deflection 4vc = 366.6061 kN
mm Vs = -48.1211 kN

Conditions for Smax

mm SAFE if Vs < 2Vc s, = d/2 or 300 mm 200
if Vs > 2Vc s = d/4 or 300 mm 100
if Vs > 4Vc increase section

Vs < 2Vc Smax = 200

* reinforcement @ critical Section

using : 10 mm dia. Bar for stirrups
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
Av = 157.0796 mm^2

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

Sreq'd = -360.374 mm 325.1548

use: S 325.1548 say 320

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall = 183.303 kN > 37.00085

 4. Check Developmen Length
Singly/DOUBLY Flexural Beam using: 16 mm^2
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2

Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =242.1917 mm
40 mm Ldmin = 0.06φfy = 264.96 mm or 300
16 mm
21 Mpa use : Ld = 264.96 mm
276 Mpa
5. Check Bar Arrangement

AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv

AC = 239 mm OK

for horizontal arrangement

AC = 157 mm OK
for vertical arrangement
AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv h/2 = 229
AC = 99 mm OK

6. Check Steel Ductility

using: 16 mm^2
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2

Asact = 804.2477 mm

c = 273.9726
mm a = 232.8767
mm
Asb = 4518.314 mm^2
Asmax = 3388.736 mm^2

Asmin = 608.6957 mm^2

Asmin < Asact < AsmaSAFE

Singly,reinforce tension only, 7. Check for Moment Capacity

(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is not needed)
T=C
Asactfy = 0.85fcad
a = 31.08857 mm
C= 221.9724 kN
16 mm dia. Bar
Mu = 76.80469 kN.m > 22.42476
8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment
 fs = 0.60fy= 165.6 Mpa

dc = 109 mm
ds = 68 mm

AC= 40800 mm^2

SAFE, SINGY DESIGN A= 10200 mm^2

Z= 17.15547 Mpa SAFE

Z < 30 Mpa, interior beams

< 25 Mpa, exterior beams
Steel yields
9. Check for Deflection

Ig = 2.4E+09 mm^4
yt = 229 mm
therefore: Compression bars are not needed
*Effective Moment Area
fr = 3.207803
Єc = 21538.11 Mpa

Mcr = 33.64408 Mpa

Mcr/Mu = 0.438047 < 1.0 Mpa

Conditions:
if :
Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = Ig
nd plim are not needed
Mcr/Mu > 1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig

Tension yields, fs=fy Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack

Ie = Icr
Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2

Compression steel yields,fs=fy

Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = 2.4E+09 mm^4
mm
Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack
 k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
16 mm bars (2 - layers) k = 0.710296
note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2 y = kd = 284.1185 mm

OK Ie = Icr = 2.3E+09 mm^4

mm
Mcr/Mu >1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack
Compression bars are not needed
Ie = 2.31E+09 mm^4
10 mm bars (1 - layer)
Ie = 2.4E+09 governs moderate crack

*For sustainable deflection

Sd = 1.684226 mm

*time factor to sustain loads - (3 months)

e=1
ρact = 0.005072
stirrups not needed
x = e/(1+50ρ)
x= 0.797688

*Long Term Deflection

δall = 9.166667 mm

δ = Sdx
300 δ = 1.343487 mm SAFE
300

ar for stirrups

< 3Avfy/d
mm

mm

SAFE
 Design of Singly/DOUBLY Flexural Beam
B-1
Mact = 68.2532 kN.m
Vact= 95.55448 kN
mm L= 3.5 m Cc = 40 mm
b= 300 mm φmb = 16 mm
d= 400 mm fc = 21 Mpa
h= 458 mm fy = 276 Mpa
d' = 58 mm
Solving for beam dimension:
Steel ratios:
ρb = 0.037653
ρmax = 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
SINGLY for steel ratios.

mm w= 0.494863

Mu = Mmax
Mu =φfcbd^2w(1-0.59w)
68253200 = 6.622149 bd^2
bd^2 = 10306805
assume: d= 2b

b^3 x 4 = 10306805
b^3 2576701
b= 137.0949 say 150 mm
d = 300 mm

m= 15.46218
Ru = 1.579935
1. Check if tension bars are needed

ρact = 0.006003
ρb = 0.037653
ρmax= 0.028239
ρmin = 0.005072
since : 0.006003 < 0.028239 Singly,reinforce tension only,
ction is not needed)
use : ρ= 0.005072
As = 608.6957 mm^2
using : 16 mm dia. Bar
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2
N = 3.027404 say 4 16 mm dia. Bar
SAFE Nuse = 4 pcs
2. Check for flexural stress
 T=C
Asfy =0.85fcab
a = 31.37255 mm

Mu = 58.10824 kN.m

Since: 58.10824 > 68.2532 DOUBLY DESIGN

Flexural Stress for SINGLY DESIGN

c = 36.90888 mm
Єs = 0.029513
Єy = 0.00138
since: 0.029513 > 0.00138 Steel yields
Flexural Stress for DOUBLY DESIGN
As1 = 3388.736 mm^2
a= 174.6575 mm

M1 = 263.1948 kN.m

Since: 263.1948 < 58.10824 therefore: Compression bars are not needed

3. Compute steel areas

M2 = -205.0865 kN.m

As2 = -2414.123 mm^2

As = 974.6127 mm^2

4. Check ductility
Use: As = 3388.736
ρ= 0.028239
ρ' = -0.020118
note: if Compression bars and plim are not needed
use : ρ' = 0
Mu)^3]Icr < Ig ρb = ρb + ρ' ρb = 0.037653

since: 0.028239 < 0.037653 Tension yields, fs=fy

ρlim = ρb + ρ' ρlim = 0.014761

since: 0.028239 > 0.014761 Compression steel yields,fs=fy

5. Select size and number of bars

for tension bars : using = 16 mm
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2

N= 4.847326 say 5 16 mm bars (2 - layers)

Nuse = 5 pcs note: if bar no is <2 , assume no. = 2

Clear spacing: s = 30 mm OK
for compression bars: using = 10 mm
Note:
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2 Compression bars are not needed

N= -30.73757 say -31 10 mm bars (1 - layer)

3. Check for Beam shear

Vu = 95.55448 kN

φVc = 77.90379 kN
φVc/2= 38.95189 kN

since: 95.55448 > 38.95189 provide reinforcement

Vc = 91.65151 kN
2Vc = 183.303 kN
4vc = 366.6061 kN
Vs = 20.76552 kN

Conditions for Smax

if Vs < 2Vc s, = d/2 or 300 mm 200 300
if Vs > 2Vc s = d/4 or 300 mm 100 300
if Vs > 4Vc increase section

Vs < 2Vc Smax = 200

* reinforcement @ critical Section

using : 10 mm dia. Bar for stirrups
Ab = 78.53982 mm^2
Av = 157.0796 mm^2

Sreq'd = Avfyd/Vs < 3Avfy/d

Sreq'd = 835.1147 mm 325.1548 mm

use: S 325.1548 say 320 mm

* Check Shear Capacity

Vall = 183.303 kN > 95.55448 SAFE

 4. Check Developmen Length
exural Beam using: 16 mm^2
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2

Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc =242.1917 mm
Ldmin = 0.06φfy = 264.96 mm or 300 mm

use : Ld = 300 mm

5. Check Bar Arrangement

AC = 2Cc + 2ds + nφ + (n-1)Sv

AC = 239 mm OK

for horizontal arrangement

AC = 157 mm OK
for vertical arrangement
AC = Cc + ds + φ/2 + φ + Sv h/2 = 229 mm
AC = 99 mm OK

6. Check Steel Ductility

using: 16 mm^2
Ab = 201.0619 mm^2

Asact = 804.2477 mm

c = 273.9726
a = 232.8767

Asb = 4518.314 mm^2

Asmax = 3388.736 mm^2

Asmin = 608.6957 mm^2

Asmin < Asact < AsmaSAFE

7. Check for Moment Capacity

(Note: if Doubly Design, this section is not needed)
T=C
Asactfy = 0.85fcad
a = 31.08857 mm
C= 221.9724 kN

Mu = 76.80469 kN.m > 68.2532 SAFE

8. Check for Flexural Cracking Moment
 fs = 0.60fy= 165.6 Mpa

dc = 109 mm
ds = 68 mm

AC= 40800 mm^2

A= 10200 mm^2

Z= 17.15547 Mpa SAFE

Z < 30 Mpa, interior beams

< 25 Mpa, exterior beams

9. Check for Deflection

Ig = 2.4E+09 mm^4
yt = 229 mm
on bars are not needed
*Effective Moment Area
fr = 3.207803
Єc = 21538.11 Mpa

Mcr = 33.64408 Mpa

Mcr/Mu = 0.438047 < 1.0 Mpa

Conditions:
if :
Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack
Ie = Ig

Mcr/Mu > 1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack

Ie = (Mcr/Mu)^3 Ig + [ 1 -(Mcr/Mu)^3]Icr < Ig

Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack

Ie = Icr
Icr = (by^3/3) +nAs(d-y)^2

Mcr/Mu < 1.0 no crack

Ie = 2.4E+09 mm^4

Mcr/Mu > 3.0 extensive crack

 k = -ρn + √ρn^2 +2ρn
(2 - layers) k = 0.710296
assume no. = 2 y = kd = 284.1185 mm

Ie = Icr = 2.3E+09 mm^4

Mcr/Mu >1.0 < 3.0 moderate crack

Ie = 2.31E+09 mm^4

Ie = 2.4E+09 governs NO crack

*For sustainable deflection

Sd = 1.894561 mm

*time factor to sustain loads - (3 months)

e=1
ρact = 0.005072

x = e/(1+50ρ)
x= 0.797688

*Long Term Deflection

δall = 9.722222 mm

δ = Sdx
δ = 1.511269 mm SAFE
DESIGN OF CANTILEVER BEAM
USE M20 grade concrete

fck = 20 N/mm2
fy= 276 mpa
fc'= 21 mpa
dl= 50.6242
span = 1.2 m
xu max= 0.48d
breadth and depth of the beam:
assume depth, d= L/7 , 171.4286

adopt over all depth of the beam , D= 350 mm

at the fixed end . The depth can be reduced to 200 mm ( min. is 150 mm at the free en= 200
provide , b = D/2 175 mm
c;lear span for cantilevers = 1.2
eff cover = 40 mm
d, eff. Depth = 310

Loads and B.M:

self weight of beam = 5.44236 kn/m

this act at = 0.268571 m from the fixed end

taking the load factor of 0.6
Factored B.M. at fixed end = 22.74665 kn/m
Depth for B.M.:
M.R. of a singly reinforced balanced section

mu = 0.36*fck*b*xu. max*(d-(0.42*xu. max))

22.74665*10^6=0.36*20*175*0.48*d*(d-(0.42*0.48.d))
solve by calculator
d= 217.0414 mm < 310 mm OK

steel for bending moment:

Mu = 0.87fyAst(d-0.42xu)

total compression = total tension

0.36fckbxu=0.87fyAst

xu=((0.87fyast)/(0.36fckb)
xu = 0.87*276ast/0.36*20*175
xu = 0.1906 Ast

Mu =0.87*276*Ast (310-(0.42*0.1906Ast)
Ast = 334.4703 mm^2 shift solve in calculator
Min Ast = 0.85bdfy
167.0743 < 334.4703 mm OK

using 16 mm- dia bars, no. of bars = 1.663519 SAY 2

Ast of bar =201.0619
Provide 2- 16 mm dia at top bars

Check for deflection:

Actual L/d = 3.870968
Allowable L/d = (basic L/d)βγδλ

β = 1, δ=1, λ=1
γ, modification factor for percentage of stee and stress in steel
%steel = 0.741242
Stress in steel = 195.1308 N/mm2

Ref. to fig. 4 of IS-456, y = hanapan mo muna sa book

Basic L/d =ito din (clause 23.2.1)
Allowable L/d =

Check for shear:

Factored max. shear force at the fixed end =

nominal shear =for beams of varrying depth = (Vu-((Mu/d)tanβ))/bd

nominal shear =

for 0.74 % steel and M20 grade concrete

permeissible stress = sa book din must be greater than nominal shear

therfore provide minimum shear reinforcement.

Using 8 mm dia. 2 legged vertical stirrups
Spacing = Asv(0.87fy)/0.4b
343.0286 mm

Max. spacing = 232.5

therefore, provide 8 mm dia. 2-legged vertical stirrups @ 300 mm cc. throught out.

Check for development strength

in order to develop full tensile strength at the face of support, each of the 2- 16 dia bars must be embedde by a
Ld = θσs/τbd
Ld = θ*(0.87fy)/4*0.268571*0.6

c
mm
ars must be embedde by a length equal to the development length