Proving properties of

parallel lines cut by a

transversal
Transversal is
a line that
intersects two or
more coplanar
lines at two or In Figure 1 and 2, l1 and l2 were
more distinct intersected at two different points, thus,
points. this line is a transversal

In Figure 3, is not transversal since it

did not intersect to l1 and l2
Alternate interior
angles are two non-
adjacent interior
angles on opposite
sides of the
transversal. ∠3 and ∠6
∠4 and ∠5
Alternate exterior
angles are two non-
adjacent exterior
angles on opposite
sides of the
transversal.
∠1 and ∠8
∠2 and ∠7
Corresponding
angles are two non-
adjacent angles, one
interior, and one
exterior on the same
side of the ∠1 and ∠5
transversal. ∠3 and ∠7
∠2 and ∠6
∠4 and ∠8
Proving Properties of Parallel Lines
Corresponding Angles Postulate

◦ If 2 parallel lines are cut be a transversal, then a pair of

corresponding angles are congruent.

Alternate Interior Angle Theorem

◦ If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then any pair of
alternate interior angles are congruent.
Reasons used in proving transversal.
Transitive Property of Congruence
If A ≅ B and C ≅ B then A ≅ C

Substitution Property of Equality

If mA = mB and mA+ mC=180𝑜 then mB+ mC=180𝑜

Definition of Congruent Angles

If A ≅ B then mA = mB or If mA = mB then A ≅ B
 Given: Line a is parallel to Line b

Prove: ∠2 ≅ ∠3

Statement Reason

Line a is parallel to Line b Given

∠1 ≅ ∠2 Vertical Angles are congruent
∠1 ≅ ∠3 Corresponding Angles are congruent
∠2 ≅ ∠3 Transitive Property of Congruence
 Given: 𝑙1 is parallel to 𝑙2

Prove: m∠1 + m∠7 = 180o

Statement Reason
𝑙1 is parallel to 𝑙2 Given
∠1 ≅ ∠4 Vertical angles are congruent
∠4 ≅ ∠8 Corresponding angles are congruent
m∠7 + m∠8 = 180o Linear Pair Theorem
∠1 ≅ ∠8 Transitive Property of Congruence
m∠1 = m∠8 Definition of Congruent Angles
m∠1 + m∠7 = 180o Substitution Property of Equality
 Conditions to determine if the given lines are
parallel.
• If the two lines are cut by a transversal and
the alternate interior angles are congruent.
∠3 ≅ ∠6 ∠4 ≅ ∠5
• If the two lines are cut by a transversal and
the alternate exterior angles are congruent.
∠1 ≅ ∠8 ∠2 ≅ ∠7
• If the two lines are cut by a transversal and
the corresponding angles are congruent.
∠1 ≅ ∠5 ∠3 ≅ ∠7
∠2 ≅ ∠6 ∠4 ≅ ∠8
 Conditions to determine if two given lines or
segments are parallel.
• If the two lines are cut by a transversal and
the interior angles on the same side are
supplementary.
m∠3 + m∠5 = 180o m∠4 + m∠6 = 180o

• If the two lines are cut by a transversal and

the exterior angles on the same side are
supplementary.
m∠1 + m∠7 = 180o m∠2 + m∠8 = 180o
If two angles are congruent therefore the
two segments are parallel.
V
X

63o 63o
W Z
U Y

𝑉𝑈 and 𝑋𝑌 are parallel lines

Conditions to determine if the given lines are
perpendicular.
• If the angles in a linear pair are congruent.
• If two angles are adjacent and complementary.
Note: If the angle formed by the
two segments, measures 90o
then they are perpendicular
C

𝐵𝐶 is perpendicular to 𝐴𝐵
W 1 2 Y
X
A
𝑋𝑍 is perpendicular to 𝑊𝑌 B