MPU2322

COMPARATIVE RELIGION

LECTURERS NAME: Mr. Ahmad Firdaus B. Md Shafei

ASSIGNMENT TITTLE: INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

STUDENT NAME: NG YONG YEW

STUDENT ID: DB1904294

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Table of content

No Content Pages
1 Buddhism 3
2 Islam 4
3 Where did we come from? 5
4 Why are we here? 6
5 What happen after this life? 7
6 Conclusion 8
7 Reference 9

Buddhism

Buddhism is the fourth largest religion in the world, with more than 520 million

followers, or more than 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists. Buddhism contains a

variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual customs, mainly based on the original teachings of the

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Buddha, and thus interprets philosophy. It originated in ancient India and originated in the

tradition of Sramana between the 6th and 4th centuries BC and spread throughout much of Asia.

Scholars generally recognize the two main branches of Buddhism: St. Lavada and Mahayana.

Most Buddhist traditions have the goal of overcoming the cycle of suffering and death

and rebirth, whether through Nirvana or through the Path of Buddha. The Buddhist school

interprets the path of liberation differently, the relative importance and normative nature of the

various Buddhist scriptures, and its specific teachings and practices. Widely observed practices

include refuge in The Buddha, Dharma, and Sinhalese, adherence to moral precepts, meditation,

meditation, and the cultivation of the Paramitas. Theravada Buddhism has a wide following in

Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, such as Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand. These include

the traditions of pure land, Zen, Japanese Buddhism, Shingon and Tiantai , spread throughout

East Asia.

Islam

Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that teaches that there is only one God

(Allah), and the Muhammad is a messenger of God. It is the second largest religion in the world,

with more than 1.8 billion followers or 24.1% of the population, and is known as Muslim.

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Muslims make up the majority of the population in 49 countries. About 13% of Muslims live in

Indonesia, the country with the largest Muslim population; 31% live in South Asia, the world's

most populous Muslim country; The Middle East-North Africa accounts for 20 per cent and is

predominantly religious, compared with 15 per cent in sub-Saharan Africa. Islam is the main

religion in Central Asia, and is well-publicized in the Caucasus. There are large Muslim

communities in the Americas, China and Europe. Islam is the fastest growing major religion in

the world. Islam teaches that God it is merciful, omnipotent, and unique, and guides humanity

through the prophets, revealing scriptures and natural symbols. The Quran, the main verse of

Islam, is considered to be a verbatim word for God.

Where did we come from?

Buddhism- According to Agganna Sutta, humans originated at the beginning of the current

kalpa as deva-like beings reborn from the Abhasvara deva-realm. They were then beings shining

in their own light, capable of moving through the air without mechanical aid, living for a very

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long time, and not requiring sustenance. Over time, they gained a taste for the nutrients of the

substance, and as they consumed it, their bodies became heavier and more like the human body;

They lose their ability to shine and begin to get the difference in the appearance. The life span is

shortened, differentiated into both sexes, and becomes sexually active. After that, greed, theft

and violence emerged in it, and they established social distinctions with the government, and

elected a king-rule, known as Mahasammata, "the great appointed one." Some of the kings of

India in the Buddha’s day claimed descent from him.

Islam-According to the Quran, Allah created "human from a clot of blood" and also created

jinn from the fire. Muslims believe that man is the best of all creatures, which is created

independently for the purpose of obedience and service to God. In the Quranic version of the

story, Adam and Eve ask Allah to forgive and punish them with a mortal life on earth, but he

adds, "You will be taken out last.". Since Allah has forgiven the sins of the first pair, Muslims

believe that all people were born in Al-Fitra, which is a normal state of surrender to Allah.

According to Muslim theology, the main failure of mankind is pride and rebellion. In their pride,

people try to share with God. Thus, pride is Islam's cardinal sin. The cardinal virtue, then is

submission or Islam

Why are we here?

Buddhism- They want human to end the suffering. The Buddha taught his us that the end of

suffering, and could be achieved by following an Eightfold Path. In no particular order, the

Eightfold Path of Buddhism teaches the following ideals for ethical conduct, mental disciple and

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achieving wisdom: Right understanding, Right thought, Right speech, Right action, Right

livelihood, Right effort, Right mindfulness, Right concentration.

Islam- Islam teaches that this life is only a test or trial for the individual to show him his true

nature it is only natural that he would accept death as not so much an ending to everything but

more as a beginning of the final and lasting life in the Hereafter. Before entering into either of

the final lodging places. Heaven or Hell, there must needs be a Day of Judgment or showing of

one's true self to make them aware of their own nature and thereby understand what they have

sent on ahead during the life here on the earth. Every person will be rewarded or punished

according to their attitude, appreciation and efforts during this stay on earth. None will be asked

about the actions and beliefs of others, nor will anyone be asked regarding that which he was

unaware of or incapable of doing.So in the teachings of the True Surrender, Submission,

Obedience, In Sincerity and Peace to the Almighty One God [Islam], the line of life and its

purpose is logical, clear and simple. The Muslim's permanent purpose is to Surrender, Submit,

Obey, in Purity and Peace to Allah the Almighty, carrying out His Orders and staying in some

form of worship to Him as much as possible every day.

What happens after this life?

Buddhism- In Buddhism, the faith in rebirth or samsara, as a series of potentially endless

worlds, in which each existence has been seized, has been associated with the doctrine of karma,

which is accepted by almost all Buddhist traditions. According to Buddhism, good conduct

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brings a pleasant and happy result and creates a tendency toward similar good acts, while bad

conduct brings an evil result and creates a tendency toward similar evil acts. Some karmic acts

bear fruit in the same life in which they are committed, others in the immediately succeeding

one, and others in future lives that are more remote. This furnishes the basic context for the

moral life.

Islam- Islam teaches that there is life after death, which is called Akhirah. In Islam, it is

Allah decide when a person dies, and most Muslims believe that when they die, they will remain

in the grave until the day of judgment (Yawm al-din). On that day, they will be resurrected from

their graves, brought before Allah, and judged how they lived their earthly lives. This belief is

called the resurrection of the body.Those who do more good things than bad will go into Jannah

or paradise. Jannah is a place described as an "eternal happy garden" and a "home of peace".

There will be no illness, pain or sadness in Jannah. Those who do bad things than good will go

into Jahannam or hell. It's a place of physical and mental pain. Muslims believe that Allah is

tolerant, merciful and compassionate, so not all bad behavior is punished.

Conclusion

In conclusion all religion including Buddhism and Hinduism is all telling us to do good

things. Doing bad things will lead to suffer in the afterlife. Religion let us to have a faith in our

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heart. So, no matter what religion we are. We must do good things and help people that needed

help.

Reference

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- Encyclopedia Britannica. 2020. Buddhism | Foundations, History, Systems, Mythology, &

Practice. [online] Available at: <https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism> [Accessed 22

June 2020].

- Encyclopedia Britannica. 2020. Islam | Religion, Beliefs, Practices, & Facts. [online] Available

at: <https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam> [Accessed 22 June 2020].

- En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Islam. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam>

[Accessed 22 June 2020].

- En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Buddhism. [online] Available at:

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism> [Accessed 22 June 2020].