Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 3 Absorption and Processes

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed YT
    15 views11 pages
    The document discusses absorption, which is the process by which substances enter the body through various epithelial tissues. It describes the structure of the plasma membrane, which includes a lipid bilayer and embedded proteins. There are both passive and active processes of absorption. Passive processes like simple diffusion and filtration do not require energy and occur down a concentration gradient, while active processes like active transport are carrier-mediated and use energy to transport molecules against a gradient or selectivity. Factors that can influence the rate of drug absorption include characteristics of both the drug like lipid solubility and particle size, as well as bodily factors like pH and blood flow. Methods for controlling absorption include altering the formulation to make the drug less soluble and more slowly released.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    3 Absorption and processes

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    The document discusses absorption, which is the process by which substances enter the body through various epithelial tissues. It describes the structure of the plasma membrane, which includes a lipid bilayer and embedded proteins. There are both passive and active processes of absorption. Passive processes like simple diffusion and filtration do not require energy and occur down a concentration gradient, while active processes like active transport are carrier-mediated and use energy to transport molecules against a gradient or selectivity. Factors that can influence the rate of drug absorption include characteristics of both the drug like lipid solubility and particle size, as well as bodily factors like pH and blood flow. Methods for controlling absorption include altering the formulation to make the drug less soluble and more slowly released.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views11 pages

    3 Absorption and Processes

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed YT
    The document discusses absorption, which is the process by which substances enter the body through various epithelial tissues. It describes the structure of the plasma membrane, which includes a lipid bilayer and embedded proteins. There are both passive and active processes of absorption. Passive processes like simple diffusion and filtration do not require energy and occur down a concentration gradient, while active processes like active transport are carrier-mediated and use energy to transport molecules against a gradient or selectivity. Factors that can influence the rate of drug absorption include characteristics of both the drug like lipid solubility and particle size, as well as bodily factors like pH and blood flow. Methods for controlling absorption include altering the formulation to make the drug less soluble and more slowly released.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    ABSORPTION

    • Definition
    • Structure Of Plasma Membrane
    • Lipid bilayer
    • Embedded proteins
    • Aqueous pores
    Processes Of Absorption
    • Passive Processes
    • Simple diffusion
    • Filtration
    • Bulk flow through pores
    • Active Processes
    • Active transport
    • Pinocytosis
    • Specialized
    • Facilitated diffusion
    Passive Processes
    • Concentration gradient
    • Fick’s Law=(C1-C2) x Area x Permeability Coefficient
    Thickness

    • No energy required
    • Molecular size
    • No carrier is required
    • Non saturation
    • Simple Diffusion
    • Concentration gradient
    • Lipid solubility
    • Particle size
    • Area of diffusion
    • Ionization
    • Non saturation
    • Filtration
    • Through pores
    • Glomerulus, jejunum
    • Osmotic pressure gradient
    • Bulk flow
    • Slit junctions
    • Intramuscular and subcutaneous injections
    Active Transport
    • Energy Requirement
    • Against Concentration Gradient
    • Saturation
    • Selectivity
    • Carrier
    • Competitive Inhibition
    E.g Levodopa by a carrier that transports
    phenylalanine
    fluorouracil by carriers which transport natural
    pyrimidines, thymidine & uracil
    Facilitated Diffusion
    • Rapid And Carrier Mediated
    • Follows Concentration Gradient
    • Saturation
    • No Energy Required
    E.g Vit B 12, iron
    Pinocytosis
    • Macromolecules
    • Energy required
    E.g Insulin crosses blood brain barrier
    Factors affecting drug absorption

    Factors Related to drug


    • Lipid solubility
    • Degree of ionisation
    • Henderson Hasselbalch Equation
    • PKa = pH+log Protonated
    Non Protonated
    • For an acid HA:
    • PKa= pH+log [ HA ]
    [A]

    • For a base BH+


    • PKa=pH+log [ BH+]
    [B]
    • Molecular size
    • Particle size
    • Physical nature
    • Chemical nature
    • Formulation
    • Factors related to body
    • Surface area
    • Blood flow
    • Functional integrity
    • pH of the medium
    • Presence of other drugs
    Methods for delaying absorption
    Purpose
    • Reduce systemic action
    • Increase duration of action

    By
    • Insoluble slow release form e.g spansules
    • I/M or S/C injection
    • Converting drug as a poorly soluble salt, ester or complex
    as oily or aqueous suspension e.g procaine penicillin,
    esterification of steroid hormones, estradiol, testosterone
    • Insulin zinc suspension
    I / M or S / C
    THANK YOU

    You might also like