Subject:- Community

Health Nursing

Topic:- WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
PRESENTED BY,
MR. KAILASH NAGAR
ASSIST. PROF.
DEPT. OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NSG.
DINSHA PATEL COLLEGE OF NURSING, NADIAD
 INTRODUCTION :

Women Empowerment refers to
increasing the spiritual, political, social,
educational, gender, or economic strength
of individuals and communities of
women.

Women’s empowermen in India is heavily

dependent on many different variables
that include geographical location
(urban/rural), educational status, social
status (caste and class), and age.
CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN

1. Domestic violence
• Acid Throwing

• Dowry
• Female infanticide and sex-selective abortion

• Rape
• Sexual harassment

• Trafficking
• Justice system

Other concerns
• Social opinions
• Family planning

• Sex ratios

• Sanitation
Place of women in Indian society:
A (cultural) historical perspective

• The Goddess (Devi)

• The mother
• The sister
• The wife
• the friend
Empowerment is probably the totality
of the following or similar capabilities:

• decision-making power of their own.

• access to information and resources
for taking proper decision.

• Having a range of options /choices

• assertiveness in collective decision
making.
• positive thinking on the ability to
make change
• Ability to learn skills.
• Ability to change others’
perceptions by democratic
means.
• Involving in the growth process
and changes that is never ending
and self-initiated
• Increasing one’s positive self-
image and overcoming stigma
 Indian Women in Modern Times
Education
• Literacy
• Gender gaps: Female Male
• Differences across states
(Kerala has highest female 1971 22% 46%
literacy; Rajasthan, Bihar and
Uttar Pradesh have the lowest).
• Differences between rural and
1991 39% 64%
urban areas.
• Parental preference for boys 2003 48% 70%
going to school.
• Higher dropout rate among 2011 65% 83%
girls.
Indian Women in Modern Times
Education
– Gender gaps in higher education
• About 10 percent of total women
population has college education
• Women account for a third of the students
at college/university level
• In engineering and business, the proportion
of female students is much smaller
• In education, nearly half of the students are
women
Indian Women in Modern Times

Barriers to Female Education

– Poverty: one-fourth of India’s population
lives below the poverty line (2011)
– Social values and parental preferences
– Inadequate school facilities
– Shortage of female teachers: 29 percent at the
primary level and 22 percent at the university
level
– Gender bias in curriculum
Indian Women in Modern Times
Employment
– Difficult to get an overall picture of employment among
women in India
• Most women work in the informal sector
– Women accounted for only 23 percent of the total
workers in the formal sector in 2011.

– The number of female workers has increased faster than

the number of male workers.

– Female unemployment rates are similar to male

unemployment rates.
Indian Women in Modern Times

Categories of employment (2011)

Female Male
Agricultural laborer 46.3% 23.0%
Cultivator 34.6% 39.9%
Household industry 3.5% 2.1%
Non-household 3.8% 8.8%
industry
Services 8.3% 10.8%
Other categories 3.5% 15.5%
 ANCIENT INDIA:-
Scolars believe that in ancient
India, the women enjoyed equal
status with men in all the fields
of life. How ever ,some others
hold contrasting views.
Rig-Veda verses suggested that
women were educated and
married at a mature age and
were probably free to select
their husband.
However ,later (approximately
500B.C) the status of women began
to decline.
Although reformatory movements
such as Jainism allowed women to
be admitted to the religious order,
by and large the women in India
faced confinement and restrictions.
The practice of child marriages is
believed to have started from
around sixth century.
 INDEPENDENT INDIA:-
• Women in India now participate in
all activities such as education,
politics,media,art and culture,
service sector, science and
technology etc.
• The constitution of India
guarantees to all Indian women
equality, No discrimination by the
state, equality of opportunity,
Equal pay for equal work.
 In addition,it allows special
provisions to be made by the state in
favor of women and children, and
also allows for provitions to be made
by the state for securing just and
humane conditions of work and for
maternity relief.
 Government of India declared 2001
as the Year of Women’s
Empowerment. The national policy
for the Empowerment of Women was
passed in 2001.
NEED FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMNENT:

WOMEN ARE DEPRIVED OF:

• Decision Making Power

• Freedom of Movement
• Access to Education
• Access to Employment
• Exposure to Media
• Domestic Violence
 NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE
EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN

• GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:-

The goal of this policy is to
bring about the advancement
development and empowerment
of women.
THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS
POLICY INCLUDES:-
1.Cerating an environment through
positive economic and social policies
for full development of women to
enable them to realize their full
potential.
2.The enjoyment of all human rights and
fundamental freedom by women on
equal basis with men in all spheres
political, economic, social, cultural and
civil.
3.Equal access to participation and
decision making of women in
social, political and economic life
of the nation
4.Equal access to women to health
care, quality education at all levels,
career and vacational guidence,
employment equal remuneration,
occupational health and safety,
social security and public office
etc.
• 5.Strengthening legal systems
aimed at elimination of all forms
of discrimination against
women.

• 6.Changing societal attitude and

community practices by active
participation and involvement of
both men and women.
7.Elimination of discrimination
and all forms of violence
against women and the girl
child.

8.Building and strengthening

partnership with civil society,
particularly women’s
organizations.
Women empowerment STRATEGIES

1. United Nations Development

programme

millennium
development goals
GOAL-1 & 2
GOAL-3 & 4
GOAL-5 & 6
GOAL-7& 8
 GOAL-3
PROMOTE GENTER EQUQLITY AND EMPOWER
WOMEN

. INDICATORS
• Target 3a: Eliminate gender disparity in
primary and secondary education
preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015
• 3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary,
secondary and tertiary education
• 3.2 Share of women in wage employment in
the non-agricultural sector
• 3.3 Proportion of seats held by women in
national parliament
2.The Ninth Five Year Plan

commits to `Empower Women' through

creating an
enabling environment where women can freely
exercise their rights both within and
outside their homes, as equal partners along with
men. This is planned to be realised
through ‘The National Policy for Empowerment
of Women’, with definite goals, targets
and policy prescriptions along with a well-
defined Gender Development Index to monitor
the impact of its implementation in raising the
status of women
3. United Nations 1995 Fourth World
Conference on Women held in Beijing
with 20,000 participants. It focused on
rights of women to acquire –

• Education

• Economic Power

• Inclusion in leadership

• Involvement in decision making

• The nodal Department of Women and
Child Development, responsible for
empowering women, formulates policies
and programmes; enacts/amends
legislation concerning women; and
reviews, guides and coordinates efforts of
governmental and
non-governmental organizations. In
addition, the Department implements a few
innovative programmes, which include :-
i) empowering strategies;
ii) employment and income generation;
; iii) welfare and support services;
iv) awareness generation and
gender
sensitization; and
v) other enabling measures.

These programmes are

supplementary/complementary to
other general developmental efforts
for women.
 WAYS TO EMPOWER WOMEN:

• Changes in women's mobility and

social interaction;
• Changes in women's labour
patterns;
• Changes in women's access to and
control over resources; and
• Changes in women's control over
decision-making.
 SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT :

• Political empowerment of women is

only a part of the overall mainstreaming
of women.
• Education of women means greater
awareness of their role in society.
• Awareness of their rights, better
knowledge of housekeeping and better
performance of their roles as a
housewife and mother.
• Education and training have opened up
the avenues of employment and self-
employment in the organized sector. As
never before women are working in
diverse fields as doctors, engineers, IAS
officers, IPS officers, bank officials and in
a wide range of sectors in the unorganized
sector. In agriculture, most of the
operations are run by women.
 ROLE OF NGO’s :

• Non-governmental organizations are playing a

significant role in the empowerment of
disadvantages women. Just a few years after
Independence, the Government set up the
Central Social Welfare Board, an apex body of
the voluntary sector that aids more than 10,000
NGOs across the country, helping women stand
on their own through such programme as socio-
economic programme, vocational training and
other similar programmes.
 ROLE OF GOVERNMENT :

•  The Department of Women and Child

Development has been implementing special
programmes for the holistic development and
empowerment of women with major focus to
improve their socio-economic status. There has
been policy shifts from time to time based on the
shifts in emphasis.
• The year 2001 was declared as “Women’s
Empowerment Year” to bring greater focus on the
programmes for women.
• A programme of Support to Training-cum-
Employment for Women (STEP) was launched in
1987 to strengthen and improve the skills for
employment opportunities for women below the
poverty line, in traditional sectors of agriculture,
small animal husbandry etc where women are
employed on a large scale..
• Swayamsidha launched in March 2001 and the Swa-
Shakti Project (earlier known as Rural Women’s
Development and Empowerment Project), launched
in October 1998.
 EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
• Economic Empowerment of women
• Poverty Eradication
by offering them a range of economic and social
options, along with necessary support measures
to enhance their capabilities.
• Micro Credit

strengthening of existing micro-credit

mechanisms and micro-finance institution
will be undertaken so that the outreach of
credit is enhanced
• Women and Economy
Their contribution to socio-economic
development as producers and workers will be
recognized in the formal and informal sectors
(including home based workers) and appropriate
policies relating to employment and to her working
conditions should be drawn up.
• Globalization
Benefits of the growing global economy have
been unevenly distributed leading to wider
economic disparities, the feminization of poverty,
increased gender inequality through often
deteriorating working conditions and unsafe
working environment.
• Women and Agriculture
Concentrated efforts should be made to ensure that
benefits of training, extension and various programmes
will reach them in proportion to their numbers.
• Women and Industry
comprehensive support in terms of labour
legislation, social security and other support
services to participate in various industrial sectors.
Support Services
child care facilities, including creches at work
places and educational institutions, homes for the
aged and the disabled
 social empowerment of women

• Education for women

Equal access to education as men and boys

• Healthcare for women

• Participation of women in development of

science and technology
• Nutrition of women

• Drinking Water and

• Sanitation
• Housing and Shelter

• Environment
 Political empowerment

• Recognizing that education and training

• To acknowledge and accept the glaring gender based
bias
• Empowering women by increasing awareness
regarding the rights of an employee.
• Work on the communication skills of women
• Encouraging and supporting women entrepreneurs to
develop marketable models of enterprise
 Cultural Empowerment of Women

• There should be a change in the mind set of

society on a fundamental level. Cultural
empowerment as such can be achieved only
when women are treated as human beings first
and foremost
 Women in difficulties
• Fighting against violence and
discrimination

Rights of the Girl Child

• Mass Media
 ADVANTAGES OF WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
• next generation will be empowered because of
her.
• if woman will be empowered she will not be a
burden on anyone.
• financial burden of man can be shared with her
support.
• family can be more strong because of both
working hands.
• when financial problems will be shared than
results of conflict.
 RIGHTS OF WOMEN
• the right to work as a human being.
• The right to the same employment
opportunities, including application of the
same criteria for selection.
• The right to free choice of profession and
employment, the right to promotion, job
security and all benefits and conditions of
service and right to receive vocational
training and retraining.
• The right to equal remuneration.
• The right of social security as well as the
right to paid leave.
• The right to protection of health and to
safety.
 CONCLUSION :

Women represent half the world’s

population, and gender inequality exists in
every nation on the planet. Until women are
given the same opportunities that men are,
entire societies will be destined to perform
below their true potentials .The greatest need
of the hour is change of social attitude to
women.
• The origin of a child is a mother, a
woman. ….she shows a man what
sharing, caring, and loving is all
about. That is the essence of a
woman."
THANK YOU