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Pavithran Puthiyapurayil, EE, MNU
Pavithran Puthiyapurayil, EE, MNU
As explained later, this feedback system suffers from a finite loop gain, exhibiting a finite phase
error in the steady state. Even PLLs having an infinite loop gain contain nonidealities that disturb
Vcont
We say the loop is “locked” if ϕout(t)-ϕin(t) is constant with time.
An important and unique consequence of phase locking is that the input
and output frequencies of the PLL are exactly equal.
pavithran ,EE, MNU 4/30/2018 11
pavithran ,EE, MNU 4/30/2018 12
A voltage-controlled oscillator or VCO is
an electronic oscillator whose oscillation frequency is
controlled by a voltage input. The applied input
voltage determines the instantaneous oscillation
frequency. Consequently, modulating signals applied
to control input may cause frequency
modulation (FM) or phase modulation (PM).
A VCO may also be part of a phase-locked loop.