Problem 9.

Prove the hyperbolic identities (a) ch2 x−sh2 x=1 (b) 1−th2 x=sech2 x (c) coth2

x−1=cosech2 x

(a) chx+shx=

ex+e−x 2

ex−e−x 2

=ex

chx −shx =

ex +e−x 2

ex −e−x 2

=e−x (chx+shx)(chx −shx)=(ex)(e−x)=e0 =1 i.e. ch2x−sh2x=1 (1) (b) Dividing each term in equation

(1) by ch2 x gives:

ch2 x ch2 x −
 sh2 x ch2 x =

1 ch2 x

i.e. 1−th2 x=sech2 x

SectionB

Hyperbolicfunctions 183

Table 16.1

Trigonometric identity Corresponding hyperbolic identity cos2 x+sin2 x=1 ch2 x−sh2 x=1 1+tan2

x=sec2 x 1−th2 x=sech2 x cot2 x+1=cosec2 x coth2 x−1=cosech2 x Compound angle formulae

sin(A±B)=sin AcosB±cos Asin B sh(A±B)=sh AchB±ch Ash B cos(A±B)=cos AcosB∓sin Asin B ch(A±B)=ch

AchB±sh Ash B tan(A±B)= tan A±tan B 1∓tan Atan B th(A±B)= th A±th B 1±th Ath B Double angles sin2x

=2sinx cosx sh2x=2shx chx cos2x=cos2 x−sin2 x ch2x=ch2 x+sh2 x =2cos2 x−1 =2ch2 x−1 =1−2sin2 x

=1+2sh2 x tan2x= 2tanx 1−tan2 x th2x= 2thx 1+th2 x