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Magneto Ignition System Definition Parts Working Principle Advantages Disadvantages Application Notes
Magneto Ignition System Definition Parts Working Principle Advantages Disadvantages Application Notes
The Magneto Ignition system does not require a battery. It generates its own voltage for
the primary. Magneto Ignition system is being extensively used in mopeds, scooters,
wheelers, motorcycles, stationary engines, and aircraft reciprocating engines.
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Table of Contents
The electric current that is required for it and it is generated by the Magneto due to low-
speed efficiency of the system the starting quality of spark is poor and it will improve as
the engine speed rises due to high-intensity spark.
It will occupy less space that’s why used in racing cars and two wheeler.
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Rotating Magnets
Primary Winding
Secondary Winding
Fixed Armature
Condenser
Breaker-points or Contact Breaker
Distributor
Ignition Switch and
Spark plug
Rotating Magnets:
The magnets substituting the battery and ignition coil, has a four-pole magnet, two pole
shoes, the primary and secondary coils.
When the magnet rotates, the direction of the magnetic flux through the soft iron core of
the coil reverses direction. As a result of which a voltage is an inductor of the primary and
secondary coils.
Primary Winding:
It draws power from the source and are usually more in number.
Secondary Winding:
It delivers the energy at the transformed or change voltage to the load.
Fixed Armature:
It carries alternating current.
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Condenser:
The highly charged condenser discharges itself into the primary circuit and this produces
a rapid change in the magnetic flux.
Due to this rapid change in the magnetic flux, a very high voltage is induced in the
secondary coil and that will be sufficient to produce a spark, discharge, and ignite the
fuel-air combustible mixture.
When the breaker points are opened by the cam mounted on the rotor shaft the
condenser gets charged by currents from the primary coil.
Capacitor:
The Capacitor used in the magneto ignition system is a simple capacitor in which two
metal plates are separated by insulating material between them.
Mostly air is used but for a particular application, the high-quality insulating material is
used.
Distributor:
The distributor is an enclosed rotating shaft that has mechanically timed ignition.
The distributor’s main function is to route secondary voltage from the ignition coil to the
spark plug so that the correct firing order and correct amount of time occur.
Ignition Switch:
It controls the magneto ignition system.
Spark plug:
Electrical energy is thus transmitted from the spark plug to the fuel mixture and it will
ignite so that power stroke will be obtained.
The primary circuit flux is changed and a high voltage is produced in the secondary circuit
With the help of a cam.
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The variation of the breaker current with speed for the coil ignition system and the
Magneto ignition system.
Armature having wound upon it in the primary coil of a few hundred turns of enameled
copper wire and the secondary coil of several thousand turns of fine insulated wire rotates
in a permanent magnetic field.
The modern trend is to keep the armature stationary and the magnets rotating.
By this action, the primary voltage is generated in accordance with the laws of the electric
generator which is then transformed into a very high secondary voltage exactly on the
lines described in the battery ignition system.
It can be seen that since the cranking speed at the start is low the current generated by
the Magneto is quite small.
The engine speed will increase as we increase the current. Thus, with Magneto there is
always a starting difficulty and sometimes a separate battery is needed for starting.
Magneto is better for high speeds and therefore is widely used for sports and racing cars,
aircraft engines, etc.
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2. Rotating Coils Type and
3. Polar Inductor Type
More reliable as there is no battery of connecting cable. Moreover with the coil
ignition unit, if the battery has run down, the engine cannot be started unless a
spare battery is available.
It is more suitable for ignition at medium to very high engine speeds although there
is a tendency to give excessive voltages in the latter case unless the Magneto is
designed specifically for these high speeds.
In modern designs of Magneto, using the more recent cobalt steel and nickel
aluminum magnet metals very light and compact units can be made which occupies
a very limited space.
The more recent Magnetos with modern magnet alloys are capable of giving very
low starting speed ignition characteristics
The automatic timing of the ignition can now be affected as readily as with coil
ignition.
The powerful spark at high engine speeds that previously caused the plug
electrodes to burn away can now be prevented by the use of suitable shunts on the
Magneto.
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It has an effect over the complete ignition timing range, and with the ordinary
Magneto, the spark timing adjustment affects the voltage or energy.
It cannot be easily maintained.
In the engine where other electricity means not available such as lawnmowers and
chainsaws.
Aviation Piston Engine and
Racing Cars.
Related Article
SI Engine vs CI Engine
Piston
Connecting Rod
Battery Ignition System
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Ignition System
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