B. SGH-screen-wall 2

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CONTENTS

1.0 Design Loadings

2.0 Reference Drawings

3.0 Wind Load Analysis

Analysis for Big decorative screen wall Staad 
4.0
pro software

5.0 APPENDIX:  Technical References

1 of 13
1.0  DESIGN LOADINGS

1.1 DEAD LOAD
* Standard unit weights:
:  Density of Steel = 78 kN/M3
:  Density of Aluminum = 27 kN/M3
:  Density of Glass = 25 kN/M3

a. Self Weight of structure are automatically generated in STAAD PRO

1.2 LIVE LOAD
:  Consider Live Load of 0.10 kN/m on steel member.

1.3 WIND LOAD
:  Reference Saudi Building Code (SBC‐301) ‐ Wind Design

Wind Load on Decorative Wall  =   1.24 kN/m on upper height

Wind Load on Decorative Wall  =   0.62 & 0.93 kN/m on middle height

Wind Load on Decorative Wall  =   0.31 kN/m on lower height
(Full Pressure applied on Decor Wall)

1.4  LOAD COMBINATION (Auto Generated in Staad)
1.2 DL  +  1.6 LL  
1.2 DL  +  0.5LL + 1.6 WL

1.5 Stresses of Steel 
A36 Steel  ‐  fy = 36 ksi

2 of 13
2.  REFERENCE DWG.

3 of 13
3.) WIND LOAD DATA:
DESIGN PRESSURE CALCULATION (p)
: p = q(GCp) ‐ qi(Gcpi)  (Kn/m2) : equation 7.2‐14

q = velocity pressure, Kn/M2
qi = velocity pressure for internal pressure determination
G = Gust effect factor
Cp
= external pressure coefficient to be used in determination of wind loads for building
= Product of internal pressure coefficient and gust effect factor to be used in 
Gcpi
determination of wind loads for building

: Consider  q = qi = qz
Determine 'qz' : 
qz  =0.0473x10⁻3 KzKztKdV2I      (Kn/m2) (eq. 7.2‐12)

ELEVATION OF DECORATIVE WALL FROM GROUND
=  17 m

‐ by using Table 7.2‐2 ; Exposure C, Case 1&2, @ H = 18 m
Determine value of Kz 

The value of Kz from table @ 18 m ht. is equal to  1.13

Kz = 1.13 ‐ Table 7.2‐2 ; Exposure C, Case 1&2, @ H = 18 m
Kzt = 1.0  ‐ Ref. 7.1.1.2 ; item no. 5
Kd = 0.85 ‐ Table 6.4‐1
V = 166 km/hr ‐ Fig. 6.4‐1 ; (RIYADH)
I = 1.15 ‐ Table 6.5‐1 For Category IV

2
qz  = 0.0000473(1.13)(1.0)(0.85)(166) (1.15)
qz  1.4397 Kn/m2

Determine 'p' : 
: p = q(GCp) ‐ qi(Gcpi)  (Kn/m2)

G = 0.85  ‐ section 7.2.7
Cp = 0.80 ‐ Figure 7.2‐2 ,  
Gcpi  =  +0.18 ‐ Figure 7.2‐1
Gcpi  =  ‐0.18 ‐ Figure 7.2‐1

4 of 13
Substitute the given value above
p = 1.4397(0.85)(0.80)‐1.4397(0.18)
= 0.979 ‐ 0.259
0.72 Kn/m2

p = 1.4397(0.85)(0.80)‐1.4397(‐0.18)
= 0.979 + 0.259
1.238 Kn/m2 : Design pressure to govern
Max. Wind pressure to apply into 
Decorative Wall on upper height

5 of 13
4.0   BASE PLATE ANALYSIS
A. DESIGN OF STEEL BASEPLATE

Support Reaction Maximum (from Staad analysis)
Maximum Shear force ‐ X, Fx = ‐5.771 kN
Maximum Shear force ‐ Y, Fy = 163.390 kN
Maximum Shear force ‐ Z, Fz = 48.125 kN

FT  =   [(Fx)²+(Fy)²+(Fz)²]½
FT  =  [(‐5.771)²+(163.39)²+(48.125)²]½
FT  =   170.428 kN LOAD FACTOR

6 of 13
CHECK FOR BASE PLATE (16mm Thick)
Properties of baseplate:
Depth of base plate d = 380 mm
Thicknesss of base plate,    t = 16 mm
length of extended leg Lb = 50 mm
Due to Resultant Forces
Mz = (Rz/4) * Lb
Mz = 170427.73 * 50 mm
4
Mz = 2130346.7 N‐mm
Actual Bending Stress fb = 6*Mz/d*t2 = 131.39 Mpa
Allowable stress of steel F by = 148.93 Mpa
*Allowable Stress
Using A36 steel fy = 36 ksi
Fby allowable = 0.60 x fy
= 21.60 ksi
= 148.93 MPa

therefore : Fby     > fby OK

Therefore the Steel baseplate is structurally adequate for 16mm thick
Baseplate 380x380x16mm

7 of 13
B. BOLT ON STEEL BASE PLATE
Maximum Shear force ‐ X, Fx = ‐5.771 KN
Maximum Shear force ‐ Y, Fy = 163.390 KN
Maximum Shear force ‐ Z, Fz = 48.125 KN

FT  =   [(Fx)²+(Fy)²+(Fz)²]½
FT  =   [(‐5.771)²+(163.39)²+(48.125)²]½
FT  =   170.428 Kn LOAD FACTOR

USING 20mm dia. HILTI HSA ‐ BW(M20x115mm lg) ANCHOR BOLT 
TENSILE / BOLT = 62.30 kN (4 bolt /baseplate  4 * 62.3 = 249.2 kN)
SHEAR / BOLT = 85.80 kN (4 bolt /baseplate  4 * 85.8 = 343.2 kN)

TENSILE / Support = 249.20 kN > LOAD FACTOR OK


SHEAR / Support = 343.20 kN > LOAD FACTOR OK

Therefore use ( Ø20mm x 115 ) HSA ‐BW HILTI anchor bolts or approved equal

c. WELDED CONNECTION
MINIMUM SIZE OF FILLET WELD as per SBC 306
Material Thickness of Thicker  Minimum Size of Fillet 
Part Joined     (mm) Weld   (mm)
To 6 inclusive 3
Over 6 to 13 5
Over 13 to 19 6
Over 19 8

For steel with 14 mm thk. Welded 
t  = 14.0 mm min. weld size 6mm

CHECK ON WELD BETWEEN THE PLATE 
Let Length of weld on every joint L = 800 mm

*Direct Shear Stress fv1 = F
L
= 170.428
800
fv1 = 213.03 N/mm

8 of 13
*Actual Stress due to bending Moment fv2 = M
M =  N.mm Sw
Maximum My ‐ Y, My = ‐35.303 kNm
Maximum Mz ‐ Z, Mz = 96.689 kNm

MT  =   [(My)²+(Mz)²]½
MT  =   [(‐35.303)²+(96.689)²]½
MT  =   102.932 kNm Bending Moment
Sw = L2
M =  102932330 N.mm 3
2
= 213333.33 mm

fv2 = 102932330
213333.33
= 482.50 N/mm
2 2
*Actual Design Stress for Weld Fv = √(fv1  + fv2 )
2 2
= √(213.03  + 482.5 )
Fv = 527.433 N/mm

(Using E60xx Electrode, Fu = 60ksi) Fu = 413.7 Mpa


Fwweld = 0.707 x Tweld x 0.3 x Fu
527.433 = 87.75 x Tweld
Tweld = 527.433
87.75
Tweld = 6.011 mm

Therefore use min. size of fillet weld = 8.0mm 

9 of 13
4.0a   END PLATE ANALYSIS
A. DESIGN OF STEEL END PLATE ‐  (upper support)

Support Reaction Maximum (from Staad analysis)
Maximum Shear force ‐ X, Fx = ‐34.191 kN
Maximum Shear force ‐ Y, Fy = ‐91.371 kN
Maximum Shear force ‐ Z, Fz = 52.412 kN

FT  =   [(Fx)²+(Fy)²+(Fz)²]½
FT  =  [(‐34.191)²+(‐91.371)²+(52.412)²]½
FT  =   110.746 kN LOAD FACTOR

10 of 13
CHECK FOR END PLATE (14mm Thick)
Properties of Endplate:
Depth of End plate d = 280 mm
Thicknesss of End plate,    t = 14 mm
length of extended leg Lb = 47 mm
Due to Resultant Forces
Mz = (Rz/4) * Lb
Mz = 110746.11 * 47 mm
4
Mz = 1301266.8 N‐mm
Actual Bending Stress fb = 6*Mz/d*t2 = 142.27 Mpa
Allowable stress of steel F by = 148.93 Mpa
*Allowable Stress
Using A36 steel fy = 36 ksi
Fby allowable = 0.60 x fy
= 21.60 ksi
= 148.93 MPa

therefore : Fby     > fby OK

Therefore the Steel End‐Plate is structurally adequate for 14mm thick
Endplate 280x360x14mm

11 of 13
B. BOLT ON STEEL BASE PLATE
Maximum Shear force ‐ X, Fx = ‐34.191 KN
Maximum Shear force ‐ Y, Fy = ‐91.371 KN
Maximum Shear force ‐ Z, Fz = 52.412 KN

FT  =   [(Fx)²+(Fy)²+(Fz)²]½
FT  =   [(‐34.191)²+(‐91.371)²+(52.412)²]½
FT  =   110.746 Kn LOAD FACTOR

USING 20mm dia. HILTI HSA ‐ BW(M20x115mm lg) ANCHOR BOLT 
TENSILE / BOLT = 62.30 kN (7 bolt /baseplate  7 * 62.3 = 436.1 kN)
SHEAR / BOLT = 85.80 kN (7 bolt /baseplate  7 * 85.8 = 600.6 kN)

TENSILE / Support = 436.10 kN > LOAD FACTOR OK


SHEAR / Support = 600.60 kN > LOAD FACTOR OK

Therefore use ( Ø20mm x 115 ) HSA ‐BW HILTI anchor bolts or approved equal

c. WELDED CONNECTION
MINIMUM SIZE OF FILLET WELD as per SBC 306
Material Thickness of Thicker  Minimum Size of Fillet 
Part Joined     (mm) Weld   (mm)
To 6 inclusive 3
Over 6 to 13 5
Over 13 to 19 6
Over 19 8

For steel with 14 mm thk. Welded 
t  = 14.0 mm min. weld size 6mm

CHECK ON WELD BETWEEN THE PLATE 
Let Length of weld on every joint L = 800 mm

*Direct Shear Stress fv1 = F
L
= 110.746
800
fv1 = 138.43 N/mm

12 of 13
*Actual Stress due to bending Moment fv2 = M
M =  N.mm Sw
Maximum My ‐ Y, My = ‐35.303 kNm
Maximum Mz ‐ Z, Mz = 96.689 kNm

MT  =   [(My)²+(Mz)²]½
MT  =   [(‐35.303)²+(96.689)²]½
MT  =   102.932 kNm Bending Moment
Sw = L2
M =  102932330 N.mm 3
2
= 213333.33 mm

fv2 = 102932330
213333.33
= 482.50 N/mm
2 2
*Actual Design Stress for Weld Fv = √(fv1  + fv2 )
2 2
= √(138.43  + 482.5 )
Fv = 501.961 N/mm

(Using E60xx Electrode, Fu = 60ksi) Fu = 413.7 Mpa


Fwweld = 0.707 x Tweld x 0.3 x Fu
501.961 = 87.75 x Tweld
Tweld = 501.961
87.75
Tweld = 5.720 mm

Therefore use min. size of fillet weld = 6.0mm 

13 of 13
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Client File b. decor wall.std Date/Time 07-Dec-2020 19:42

X = -34.191 kN
X = 37.982 kN Y = -91.371 kN
Y = -80.383 kN Z = 52.412 kN
Z = 46.988 kN MX = 30.221 kNm
MX = 25.031 kNm MY = -11.898 kNm
MY = 16.660 kNm MZ = 0.264 kNm
MZ = -0.139 kNm

X = -5.771 kN
Y = 163.390 kN
Z = 48.125 kN
X = 1.980 kN MX = 113.097 kNm
Y = 129.746 kN MY = 33.303 kNm
Z = 41.481 kN MZ = -19.212 kNm
MX = 98.810 kNm
MY = -31.977 kNm
MZ = 4.414 kNm

Y
X
Z Load 8

Support Reaction

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3.737m

15.231m
3.737m
3.737m

Y m
4.020m

0
X 7.75 Load 3
Z

Whole Structure

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3D Rendered View

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Analysis for Big decorative screen 
wall Staad Pro software

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Job Information
Engineer Checked Approved

Name:
Date: 04-Dec-20

Structure Type SPACE FRAME

Number of Nodes 88 Highest Node 88


Number of Elements 129 Highest Beam 129
Number of Plates 6 Highest Plate 135

Number of Basic Load Cases 3


Number of Combination Load Cases 7

Included in this printout are data for:


All The Whole Structure

Included in this printout are results for load cases:


Type L/C Name

Primary 1 DL
Primary 2 LL
Primary 3 WL
Combination 4 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 1
Combination 5 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 2
Combination 6 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 3
Combination 7 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 4
Combination 8 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 5
Combination 9 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 6
Combination 10 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 7

Section Properties
Prop Section Area Iyy Izz J Material
(cm2) (cm4) (cm4) (cm4)
2 200X14.2SHS 103.000 5.87E+3 5.87E+3 9.11E+3 STEEL
3 TUB100X200 52.340 851.345 2.62E+3 1.98E+3 ALUMINUM
4 TUB80X200 48.620 503.419 2.28E+3 1.29E+3 ALUMINUM
5 TUB300X200 89.540 11.3E+3 6E+3 11.9E+3 ALUMINUM
6 TUB115X200 55.130 1.18E+3 2.87E+3 2.55E+3 ALUMINUM
7 TUB400X200 108.140 22.8E+3 7.69E+3 17.8E+3 ALUMINUM
8 TUB120X200 56.060 1.3E+3 2.96E+3 2.75E+3 ALUMINUM
9 TUB250X200 80.240 7.31E+3 5.16E+3 9.08E+3 ALUMINUM
10 TUB380X200 104.420 20.1E+3 7.36E+3 16.6E+3 ALUMINUM
11 TUB150X200 61.640 2.2E+3 3.46E+3 4.04E+3 ALUMINUM
12 TUB330X200 95.120 14.2E+3 6.51E+3 13.6E+3 ALUMINUM
13 TUB800X200 182.540 132E+3 14.5E+3 43.1E+3 ALUMINUM
14 TUB130X200 57.920 1.57E+3 3.13E+3 3.16E+3 ALUMINUM
15 TUB70X200 46.760 366.387 2.11E+3 991.349 ALUMINUM
16 TUB600X200 145.340 62.9E+3 11.1E+3 30.2E+3 ALUMINUM
17 TUB450X200 117.440 30.5E+3 8.54E+3 20.8E+3 ALUMINUM

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Plate Thickness
Prop Node A Node B Node C Node D Material
(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)
1 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 GLASS

Supports
Node X Y Z rX rY rZ
(kN/mm) (kN/mm) (kN/mm) (kN-m/deg) (kN-m/deg) (kN-m/deg)
1 Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed
2 Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed
11 Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed
12 Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed

Primary Load Cases


Number Name Type

1 DL Dead
2 LL Live
3 WL Wind

Combination Load Cases


Comb. Combination L/C Name Primary Primary L/C Name Factor

4 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 1 1 DL 1.40


5 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 2 1 DL 1.20
2 LL 1.60
6 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 3 1 DL 1.20
2 LL 0.50
7 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 4 1 DL 1.20
3 WL 0.80
8 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 5 1 DL 1.20
2 LL 0.50
3 WL 1.60
9 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 6 1 DL 0.90
3 WL 1.60
10 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 7 1 DL 0.90

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Node Displacement Summary


Node L/C X Y Z Resultant rX rY rZ
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (rad) (rad) (rad)
Max X 50 4:GENERATED 0.229 -0.224 -0.258 0.411 0.000 -0.000 0.000
Min X 4 8:GENERATED -0.483 -0.206 -30.680 30.684 -0.009 -0.004 -0.000
Max Y 1 1:DL 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min Y 55 8:GENERATED -0.476 -0.991 -39.996 40.011 -0.009 -0.001 0.000
Max Z 80 4:GENERATED -0.084 -0.524 0.040 0.532 0.000 0.000 -0.000
Min Z 63 8:GENERATED -0.031 -0.957 -59.619 59.626 0.000 0.000 -0.000
Max rX 84 8:GENERATED -0.122 -0.903 -7.256 7.313 0.010 0.001 -0.000
Min rX 4 8:GENERATED -0.483 -0.206 -30.680 30.684 -0.009 -0.004 -0.000
Max rY 21 8:GENERATED -0.478 -0.354 -31.894 31.900 -0.009 0.004 -0.000
Min rY 77 8:GENERATED 0.036 -0.522 -34.067 34.071 0.009 -0.004 0.000
Max rZ 19 8:GENERATED 0.002 -0.280 -0.899 0.941 -0.004 -0.001 0.000
Min rZ 30 4:GENERATED 0.126 -0.312 -0.281 0.438 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000
Max Rst 63 8:GENERATED -0.031 -0.957 -59.619 59.626 0.000 0.000 -0.000

Beam Displacement Detail Summary


Displacements shown in italic indicate the presence of an offset
Beam L/C d X Y Z Resultant
(m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Max X 101 4:GENERATED 2.990 0.352 -0.394 -0.273 0.595
Min X 83 8:GENERATED 0.747 -0.568 -0.431 -41.027 41.033
Max Y 10 9:GENERATED 0.688 0.140 0.338 -0.017 0.366
Min Y 28 8:GENERATED 0.316 -0.476 -1.001 -40.250 40.265
Max Z 110 4:GENERATED 0.405 -0.084 -0.515 0.040 0.523
Min Z 78 8:GENERATED 0.109 -0.031 -0.960 -59.629 59.637
Max Rst 78 8:GENERATED 0.109 -0.031 -0.960 -59.629 59.637

Beam Force Detail Summary


Sign convention as diagrams:- positive above line, negative below line except Fx where positive is compression. Distance d is given from
beam end A.
Axial Shear Torsion Bending
Beam L/C d Fx Fy Fz Mx My Mz
(m) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm)
Max Fx 1 8:GENERATED 0.000 123.721 -1.782 26.444 -7.211 -78.379 -3.077
Min Fx 97 4:GENERATED 3.737 -7.421 0.025 -2.582 -0.028 -4.947 -0.160
Max Fy 10 9:GENERATED 0.000 52.475 93.469 34.682 0.472 -35.303 96.689
Min Fy 31 8:GENERATED 0.111 3.848 -25.339 -13.701 2.605 2.871 6.579
Max Fz 10 9:GENERATED 0.000 52.475 93.469 34.682 0.472 -35.303 96.689
Min Fz 9 8:GENERATED 0.000 46.988 81.955 -37.982 -0.139 35.565 86.576
Max Mx 128 9:GENERATED 0.000 33.958 15.558 -28.235 35.922 -17.696 4.728
Min Mx 23 8:GENERATED 0.000 5.959 -9.012 -18.766 -31.190 -13.417 2.404
Max My 5 8:GENERATED 0.000 91.425 -0.326 -4.425 -0.309 42.202 -0.499
Min My 2 8:GENERATED 0.000 110.343 -1.162 27.400 6.657 -80.999 -2.261
Max Mz 10 9:GENERATED 0.000 52.475 93.469 34.682 0.472 -35.303 96.689
Min Mz 10 9:GENERATED 1.375 52.475 92.342 34.682 0.472 12.386 -31.056

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Reaction Summary
Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Moment
Node L/C FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm)
Max FX 11 8:GENERATED 37.982 -80.383 46.988 25.031 16.660 -0.139
Min FX 12 9:GENERATED -34.682 -92.342 52.475 31.056 -12.386 0.472
Max FY 2 8:GENERATED -5.771 163.390 48.125 113.097 33.303 -19.212
Min FY 12 9:GENERATED -34.682 -92.342 52.475 31.056 -12.386 0.472
Max FZ 12 9:GENERATED -34.682 -92.342 52.475 31.056 -12.386 0.472
Min FZ 12 4:GENERATED 2.099 3.989 -0.267 -3.466 2.080 -0.896
Max MX 2 8:GENERATED -5.771 163.390 48.125 113.097 33.303 -19.212
Min MX 11 4:GENERATED 1.863 4.153 0.121 -3.745 1.822 0.643
Max MY 2 8:GENERATED -5.771 163.390 48.125 113.097 33.303 -19.212
Min MY 1 8:GENERATED 1.980 129.746 41.481 98.810 -31.977 4.414
Max MZ 1 8:GENERATED 1.980 129.746 41.481 98.810 -31.977 4.414
Min MZ 2 8:GENERATED -5.771 163.390 48.125 113.097 33.303 -19.212

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PAGE NO. 1

****************************************************
* *
* STAAD.Pro V8i SELECTseries6 *
* Version 20.07.11.33 *
* Proprietary Program of *
* Bentley Systems, Inc. *
* Date= DEC 7, 2020 *
* Time= 19:42:12 *
* *
* USER ID: *
****************************************************

1. STAAD SPACE
INPUT FILE: I:\z.16 Afatech\2. decor wall\b. decor wall\b. decor wall.STD
2. START JOB INFORMATION
3. ENGINEER DATE 04­DEC­20
4. END JOB INFORMATION
5. INPUT WIDTH 79
6. UNIT METER KN
7. JOINT COORDINATES
8. 1 0 0 0; 2 7.75 0 0; 3 0 4.02 0; 4 7.75 4.02 0; 5 0 7.757 0; 6 7.75 7.757 0
9. 7 0 11.494 0; 8 7.75 11.494 0; 9 0 15.231 0; 10 7.75 15.231 0
10. 11 0 15.231 ­1.375; 12 7.75 15.231 ­1.375; 13 2.32 0 0; 14 2.52 0 0
11. 15 2.91 0 0; 16 3.18 0 0; 17 4.488 0 0; 18 4.876 0 0; 19 6.726 0 0
12. 20 7.076 0 0; 21 0.525 4.02 0; 22 0.84 4.02 0; 23 2.755 4.02 0
13. 24 3.135 4.02 0; 25 3.855 4.02 0; 26 6.29 4.02 0; 27 6.69 4.02 0
14. 28 6.965 4.02 0; 29 7.36 4.02 0; 30 0.945 7.757 0; 31 2.325 7.757 0
15. 32 2.93 7.757 0; 33 3.305 7.757 0; 34 4.945 7.757 0; 35 5.56 7.757 0
16. 36 6.675 7.757 0; 37 6.875 7.757 0; 38 7.075 7.757 0; 39 7.41 7.757 0
17. 40 0.825 11.494 0; 41 1.025 11.494 0; 42 1.475 11.494 0; 43 1.775 11.494 0
18. 44 2.875 11.494 0; 45 3.175 11.494 0; 46 3.475 11.494 0; 47 4.825 11.494 0
19. 48 6.025 11.494 0; 49 6.925 11.494 0; 50 7.3 11.494 0; 51 2.32 4.02 0
20. 52 2.52 4.02 0; 53 2.91 4.02 0; 54 3.18 4.02 0; 55 4.488 4.02 0
21. 56 4.876 4.02 0; 57 6.725 4.02 0; 58 7.076 4.02 0; 59 0.525 7.757 0
22. 60 0.84 7.757 0; 61 2.755 7.757 0; 62 3.135 7.757 0; 63 3.855 7.757 0
23. 64 6.29 7.757 0; 65 6.69 7.757 0; 66 6.965 7.757 0; 67 7.36 7.757 0
24. 68 0.945 11.494 0; 69 2.325 11.494 0; 70 2.93 11.494 0; 71 3.305 11.494 0
25. 72 4.945 11.494 0; 73 5.56 11.494 0; 74 6.675 11.494 0; 75 6.875 11.494 0
26. 76 7.075 11.494 0; 77 7.41 11.494 0; 78 0.825 15.231 0; 79 1.025 15.231 0
27. 80 1.475 15.231 0; 81 1.775 15.231 0; 82 2.875 15.231 0; 83 3.175 15.231 0
28. 84 3.475 15.231 0; 85 4.825 15.231 0; 86 6.025 15.231 0; 87 6.925 15.231 0
29. 88 7.3 15.231 0
30. MEMBER INCIDENCES
31. 1 1 3; 2 2 4; 3 3 5; 4 4 6; 5 5 7; 6 6 8; 7 7 9; 8 8 10; 9 9 11; 10 10 12
32. 11 1 13; 12 3 21; 13 5 59; 14 7 40; 15 9 78; 16 13 14; 17 14 15; 18 15 16
33. 19 16 17; 20 17 18; 21 18 19; 22 19 20; 23 20 2; 24 21 22; 25 22 51; 26 23 53
34. 27 24 54; 28 25 55; 29 26 27; 30 27 57; 31 28 58; 32 29 4; 33 30 31; 34 31 61
35. 35 32 62; 36 33 63; 37 34 35; 38 35 64; 39 36 65; 40 37 66; 41 38 67; 42 39 6
36. 43 40 68; 44 41 42; 45 42 43; 46 43 69; 47 44 70; 48 45 71; 49 46 47; 50 47 72
37. 51 48 74; 52 49 76; 53 50 77; 54 51 52; 55 13 51; 56 52 23; 57 14 52; 58 53 24
38. 59 15 53; 60 54 25; 61 16 54; 62 55 56; 63 17 55; 64 56 26; 65 18 56; 66 57 28

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39. 67 19 57; 68 58 29; 69 20 58; 70 59 60; 71 21 59; 72 60 30; 73 22 60; 74 61 32


40. 75 23 61; 76 62 33; 77 24 62; 78 63 34; 79 25 63; 80 64 36; 81 26 64; 82 65 37
41. 83 27 65; 84 66 38; 85 28 66; 86 67 39; 87 29 67; 88 68 41; 89 30 68; 90 69 44
42. 91 31 69; 92 70 45; 93 32 70; 94 71 46; 95 33 71; 96 72 73; 97 34 72; 98 73 48
43. 99 35 73; 100 74 75; 101 36 74; 102 75 49; 103 37 75; 104 76 50; 105 38 76
44. 106 77 8; 107 39 77; 108 78 79; 109 40 78; 110 79 80; 111 41 79; 112 80 81
45. 113 42 80; 114 81 82; 115 43 81; 116 82 83; 117 44 82; 118 83 84; 119 45 83
46. 120 84 85; 121 46 84; 122 85 86; 123 47 85; 124 86 87; 125 48 86; 126 87 88
47. 127 49 87; 128 88 10; 129 50 88
48. ELEMENT INCIDENCES SHELL
49. 130 20 2 4 58; 131 3 5 59 21; 132 24 25 63 62; 133 31 32 70 69
50. 134 33 34 72 71; 135 47 48 86 85
51. START USER TABLE
52. TABLE 1
53. UNIT METER KN
54. TUBE
55. TUB100X200
56. 0.00523404 0.2 0.1 0.0093 2.6176E­005 8.51345E­006 1.97745E­005 0.00372 0.00186
57. TABLE 2
58. UNIT METER KN
59. TUBE
60. TUB80X200
61. 0.00486204 0.2 0.08 0.0093 2.27912E­005 5.03419E­006 1.29344E­005 ­
62. 0.00372 0.001488
63. TABLE 3
64. UNIT METER KN
65. TUBE
66. TUB300X200
67. 0.00895404 0.2 0.3 0.0093 6.00236E­005 0.000113156 0.00011874 0.00372 0.00558
68. TABLE 4
69. UNIT METER KN
70. TUBE
71. TUB115X200
72. 0.00551304 0.2 0.115 0.0093 2.87146E­005 1.18058E­005 2.54968E­005 ­
73. 0.00372 0.002139
74. TABLE 5
75. UNIT METER KN
76. TUBE
77. TUB400X200
78. 0.010814 0.2 0.4 0.0093 7.69475E­005 0.000227983 0.000177593 0.00372 0.00744
79. TABLE 6
80. UNIT METER KN
81. TUBE
82. TUB120X200
83. 0.00560604 0.2 0.12 0.0093 2.95608E­005 1.30395E­005 2.75021E­005 ­
84. 0.00372 0.002232
85. TABLE 7
86. UNIT METER KN
87. TUBE
88. TUB250X200
89. 0.00802404 0.2 0.25 0.0093 5.15617E­005 7.31131E­005 9.08419E­005 ­
90. 0.00372 0.00465
91. TABLE 8
92. UNIT METER KN
93. TUBE
94. TUB380X200

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95. 0.010442 0.2 0.38 0.0093 7.35627E­005 0.00020099 0.000165572 0.00372 0.007068
96. TABLE 9
97. UNIT METER KN
98. TUBE
99. TUB150X200
100. 0.00616404 0.2 0.15 0.0093 3.46379E­005 2.19541E­005 4.04064E­005 ­
101. 0.00372 0.00279
102. TABLE 10
103. UNIT METER KN
104. TUBE
105. TUB330X200
106. 0.00951204 0.2 0.33 0.0093 6.51008E­005 0.00014248 0.000136035 0.00372 0.006138
107. TABLE 11
108. UNIT METER KN
109. TUBE
110. TUB800X200
111. 0.018254 0.2 0.8 0.0093 0.000144643 0.00132099 0.000430915 0.00372 0.01488
112. TABLE 12
113. UNIT METER KN
114. TUBE
115. TUB130X200
116. 0.00579204 0.2 0.13 0.0093 3.12531E­005 1.57183E­005 3.16454E­005 ­
117. 0.00372 0.002418
118. TABLE 13
119. UNIT METER KN
120. TUBE
121. TUB70X200
122. 0.00467604 0.2 0.07 0.0093 2.10988E­005 3.66387E­006 9.91349E­006 ­
123. 0.00372 0.001302
124. TABLE 14
125. UNIT METER KN
126. TUBE
127. TUB600X200
128. 0.014534 0.2 0.6 0.0093 0.000110795 0.000629147 0.000302047 0.00372 0.01116
129. TABLE 15
130. UNIT METER KN
131. TUBE
132. TUB450X200
133. 0.011744 0.2 0.45 0.0093 8.54094E­005 0.000305092 0.000208063 0.00372 0.00837
134. END
135. ELEMENT PROPERTY
136. 130 TO 135 THICKNESS 0.012
137. DEFINE MATERIAL START
138. ISOTROPIC STEEL
139. E 2.05E+008
140. POISSON 0.3
141. DENSITY 76.8195
142. ALPHA 1.2E­005
143. DAMP 0.03
144. TYPE STEEL
145. STRENGTH FY 253200 FU 407800 RY 1.5 RT 1.2
146. ISOTROPIC ALUMINUM
147. E 6.89476E+007
148. POISSON 0.33
149. DENSITY 26.6018
150. ALPHA 2.3E­005

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151. DAMP 0.03


152. ISOTROPIC GLASS
153. E 7.17E+007
154. POISSON 0.25
155. DENSITY 25
156. END DEFINE MATERIAL
157. MEMBER PROPERTY EUROPEAN
158. 1 TO 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 ­
159. 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 ­
160. 128 TABLE ST 200X14.2SHS
161. MEMBER PROPERTY EUROPEAN
162. 55 57 67 69 85 101 103 105 109 111 115 117 121 125 127 UPTABLE 1 TUB100X200
163. 59 89 91 95 UPTABLE 2 TUB80X200
164. 61 113 119 UPTABLE 3 TUB300X200
165. 63 UPTABLE 4 TUB115X200
166. 65 UPTABLE 5 TUB400X200
167. 71 77 79 UPTABLE 6 TUB120X200
168. 73 UPTABLE 7 TUB250X200
169. 75 UPTABLE 8 TUB380X200
170. 81 83 UPTABLE 9 TUB150X200
171. 87 93 UPTABLE 10 TUB330X200
172. 97 UPTABLE 11 TUB800X200
173. 99 UPTABLE 12 TUB130X200
174. 107 UPTABLE 13 TUB70X200
175. 123 UPTABLE 14 TUB600X200
176. 129 UPTABLE 15 TUB450X200
177. CONSTANTS
178. BETA 90 MEMB 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 ­
179. 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 121 123 125 127 129
180. MATERIAL STEEL MEMB 1 TO 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 ­
181. 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 ­
182. 128
183. MATERIAL ALUMINUM MEMB 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 ­
184. 89 91 93 95 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 121 123 125 127 ­
185. 129
186. MATERIAL GLASS MEMB 130 TO 135
187. SUPPORTS
188. 1 2 11 12 FIXED
189. LOAD 1 LOADTYPE DEAD TITLE DL
190. SELFWEIGHT Y ­1
191. MEMBER LOAD
192. 1 TO 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 ­
193. 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 UNI GY ­0.12
194. LOAD 2 LOADTYPE LIVE TITLE LL
195. MEMBER LOAD
196. 1 TO 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 ­
197. 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 UNI GY ­0.1
198. LOAD 3 LOADTYPE WIND TITLE WL
199. ELEMENT LOAD
200. 135 PR GZ ­1.24
201. MEMBER LOAD
202. 1 TO 8 11 TO 129 UNI GZ ­0.5
203. ELEMENT LOAD
204. 130 PR GZ ­0.31
205. 131 132 PR GZ ­0.62
206. 133 PR GZ ­0.93

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207. LOAD COMB 4 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 1


208. 1 1.4
209. LOAD COMB 5 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 2
210. 1 1.2 2 1.6
211. LOAD COMB 6 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 3
212. 1 1.2 2 0.5
213. LOAD COMB 7 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 4
214. 1 1.2 3 0.8
215. LOAD COMB 8 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 5
216. 1 1.2 2 0.5 3 1.6
217. LOAD COMB 9 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 6
218. 1 0.9 3 1.6
219. LOAD COMB 10 GENERATED AISC PUBLIC 7
220. 1 0.9
221. PERFORM ANALYSIS

P R O B L E M S T A T I S T I C S
­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­

NUMBER OF JOINTS 88 NUMBER OF MEMBERS 129


NUMBER OF PLATES 6 NUMBER OF SOLIDS 0
NUMBER OF SURFACES 0 NUMBER OF SUPPORTS 4

SOLVER USED IS THE OUT­OF­CORE BASIC SOLVER

ORIGINAL/FINAL BAND­WIDTH= 78/ 9/ 60 DOF


TOTAL PRIMARY LOAD CASES = 3, TOTAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM = 504
TOTAL LOAD COMBINATION CASES = 7 SO FAR.
SIZE OF STIFFNESS MATRIX = 31 DOUBLE KILO­WORDS
REQRD/AVAIL. DISK SPACE = 12.6/ 11906.4 MB

222. PARAMETER 1
223. CODE AISC UNIFIED 2010
224. CHECK CODE MEMB 1 TO 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 ­
225. 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128
STEEL DESIGN

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STAAD.PRO CODE CHECKING ­ (AISC­360­10­LRFD) v1.4a


********************************************

ALL UNITS ARE ­ KN METE (UNLESS OTHERWISE Noted)

MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/


FX MY MZ LOCATION
=======================================================================

1 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.542 8
123.72 C ­78.38 ­3.08 0.00

2 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.550 8
110.34 C ­81.00 ­2.26 0.00

3 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.254 8
86.30 C 36.35 ­0.83 3.74

4 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.273 8
85.41 C 38.06 ­2.16 3.74

5 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.290 8
91.42 C 42.20 ­0.50 0.00

6 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.281 8
83.14 C 40.77 0.73 0.00

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7 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.400 8
80.77 C ­60.05 0.55 3.74

8 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.411 9
78.28 C ­60.77 1.72 3.74

9 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.776 9
46.96 C 35.39 86.76 0.00

10 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.839 9
52.47 C ­35.30 96.69 0.00

11 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.202 8
0.20 C ­24.77 7.49 0.00

12 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.067 8
2.05 T ­7.49 3.18 0.00

13 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.057 8
0.64 C 4.58 4.52 0.53

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14 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.050 8
0.13 T ­6.04 1.87 0.00

15 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­6 0.290 9
37.55 C ­29.67 ­0.58 0.00

16 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.123 8
0.05 C 8.10 ­3.09 0.00

17 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.096 8
0.09 T 12.74 ­2.60 0.39

18 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.102 8
0.15 T 13.77 ­2.44 0.27

19 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.098 8
1.33 T 12.97 ­2.62 1.20

20 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.097 8
1.36 T 12.76 ­2.71 0.00

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21 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.111 8
0.99 T 10.53 ­3.76 0.00

22 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.180 8
0.88 T ­7.68 0.97 0.00

23 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­6 0.329 8
5.96 C ­26.25 8.74 0.67

24 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.039 9
1.53 T 4.68 ­1.42 0.31

25 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.117 8
2.68 T 17.43 ­1.13 1.48

26 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.142 8
2.06 T 20.97 ­1.54 0.16

27 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.138 8
0.70 T 21.53 ­0.52 0.04

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28 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.150 8
3.03 C 21.14 ­2.70 0.00

29 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.077 8
3.25 C 10.45 ­1.71 0.00

30 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.053 8
3.78 C 6.70 1.61 0.04

31 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.059 8
3.85 C 2.87 6.58 0.11

32 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.081 8
9.81 C ­6.42 6.21 0.39

33 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.114 8
4.07 C 14.11 ­3.92 1.38

34 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.109 8
2.27 C 14.06 ­3.31 0.00

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35 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.111 8
0.52 C 16.82 0.81 0.21

36 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.129 8
1.18 T 17.30 ­3.24 0.55

37 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.131 8
3.09 C 15.61 ­5.25 0.00

38 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.109 8
3.26 C 13.75 ­3.54 0.00

39 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.067 8
2.82 C 8.45 1.70 0.00

40 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.058 8
2.41 C 6.62 2.47 0.09

41 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.060 8
2.31 C 3.66 5.90 0.29

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42 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.033 8
0.64 C 3.09 2.18 0.00

43 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.042 8
0.19 T 5.50 1.12 0.12

44 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.074 8
0.20 T 10.42 ­1.33 0.45

45 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.083 8
1.17 T 12.74 ­0.47 0.30

46 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.128 8
1.25 T 17.86 ­2.55 0.55

47 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.138 8
0.41 T 21.36 0.66 0.05

48 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.138 8
1.51 C 21.31 0.73 0.00

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49 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.134 9
1.78 T 21.14 ­0.14 0.00

50 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.138 8
1.49 C 17.81 4.15 0.00

51 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.120 8
1.53 C 13.05 ­6.00 0.00

52 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.048 8
1.33 C 4.31 3.30 0.00

53 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Sec. G1 0.033 9
0.97 C ­0.46 1.29 0.11

54 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.127 8
2.52 T 18.93 ­1.20 0.20

56 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.138 8
2.39 T 20.65 ­1.35 0.23

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58 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.141 8
2.00 T 21.57 ­0.85 0.23

60 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.146 8
0.48 C 21.03 ­2.27 0.67

62 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.132 8
3.06 C 18.49 ­2.47 0.00

64 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.124 8
2.69 C 17.00 ­2.72 0.00

66 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.054 8
3.66 C 4.34 4.13 0.24

68 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.071 8
8.12 C 2.87 8.42 0.00

70 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.068 8
3.54 C 4.57 6.20 0.00

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72 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.066 8
4.13 C 6.77 3.20 0.00

74 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.108 8
1.94 C 15.45 ­0.74 0.00

76 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.113 8
1.85 T 17.10 ­0.81 0.17

78 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.129 8
2.66 T 17.35 ­3.06 0.00

80 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.072 8
2.70 C 10.37 0.99 0.00

82 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.058 8
2.30 C 8.27 0.97 0.00

84 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.055 8
2.22 C 6.58 2.14 0.00

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86 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.058 8
0.62 C 3.46 2.77 0.00

88 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.043 9
0.17 C 6.26 0.58 0.08

90 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.134 8
0.37 T 21.09 0.23 0.55

92 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.138 8
1.94 C 21.18 0.74 0.00

94 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.135 8
2.63 T 21.34 0.17 0.00

96 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.128 8
0.80 T 18.46 ­1.89 0.00

98 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.110 8
0.97 T 16.01 ­1.52 0.00

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100 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.064 8
1.40 C 7.19 3.03 0.00

102 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.058 8
1.29 C 4.87 3.70 0.00

104 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.059 8
1.25 C 2.26 3.30 0.00

106 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Sec. G1 0.040 9
0.96 C ­5.17 ­0.45 0.34

108 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.171 9
37.57 C ­10.13 1.79 0.00

110 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.131 9
37.61 C ­6.01 1.65 0.00

112 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.077 9
38.13 C 2.16 1.06 0.00

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114 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.116 8
39.61 C 15.95 ­1.13 1.10

116 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.128 8
39.65 C 17.83 ­1.16 0.30

118 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.129 8
40.09 C 18.70 ­0.53 0.30

120 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.130 8
40.12 C 18.73 ­0.51 0.34

122 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H1­1b 0.122 8
28.06 C 18.02 0.42 0.00

124 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.093 9
33.37 C 6.43 ­1.63 0.00

126 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­1 0.139 9
33.35 C ­7.96 3.04 0.00

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128 ST 200X14.2SHS (EUROPEAN SECTIONS)


PASS Eq. H3­6 0.381 9
33.96 C ­30.48 ­2.19 0.45

226. FINISH

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DESIGN TECHNICAL REFERENCES

2 of 2
GENERAL

TABLE 1.6-1:
CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES FOR
FLOOD, WIND AND EARTHQUAKE LOADS

Nature of Occupancy Category


1) Buildings and other structures that represent a low hazard to human life in the event of failure I
including, but not limited to:
a) Agricultural facilities
b) Certain temporary facilities
c) Minor storage facilities
All buildings and other structures except those listed in Categories I, III, and IV II

1) Buildings and other structures that represent a substantial hazard to human life in the event of III
failure including, but not limited to:
a) Buildings and other structures where more than 300 people congregate in one area
b) Buildings and other structures with day care facilities with capacity greater than 150
c) Buildings and other structures with elementary school or secondary school facilities with
capacity greater than 250
d) Buildings and other structures with a capacity greater than 500 for colleges or adult education
facilities
e) Health care facilities with a capacity of 50 or more resident patients but not having surgery or
emergency treatment facilities
f) Jails and detention facilities
g) Power generating stations and other public utility facilities not included in Category IV
2) Buildings and other structures not included in Category IV (including, but not limited to, facilities
that manufacture, process, handle, store, use, or dispose of such substances as hazardous fuels,
hazardous chemicals, hazardous waste, or explosives) containing sufficient quantities of hazardous
materials to be dangerous to the public if released.
3) Buildings and other structures containing hazardous materials shall be eligible for classification as
Category II structures if it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the authority having
jurisdiction by a hazard assessment as described in Section 1.6.2 that a release of the hazardous
material does not pose a threat to the public.
1) Buildings and other structures designated as essential facilities including, but not limited to: IV

a) Hospitals and other health care facilities having surgery or emergency treatment facilities
b) Fire, rescue, ambulance, and police stations and emergency vehicle garages
c) Designated earthquake, hurricane, or other emergency shelters
d) Designated emergency preparedness, communication, and operation centers and other facilities
required for emergency response
e) Power generating stations and other public utility facilities required in an emergency
f) Ancillary structures (including, but not limited to, communication towers, fuel storage tanks,
cooling towers, electrical substation structures, fire water storage tanks or other structures
housing or supporting water, or other fire-suppression material or equipment) required for
operation of Category IV structures during an emergency
g) Aviation control towers, air traffic control centers, and emergency aircraft hangars
h) Water storage facilities and pump structures required to maintain water pressure for fire
suppression
i) Buildings and other structures having critical national defense functions
2) Buildings and other structures (including, but not limited to, facilities that manufacture, process,
handle, store, use, or dispose of such substances as hazardous fuels, hazardous chemicals, hazardous
waste, or explosives) containing extremely hazardous materials where the quantity of the material
exceeds a threshold quantity established by the authority having jurisdiction.
3) Buildings and other structures containing extremely hazardous materials shall be eligible for
classification as Category II structures if it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the authority
having jurisdiction by a hazard assessment as described in Section 1.6.2 that a release of the
extremely hazardous material does not pose a threat to the public. This reduced classification shall
not be permitted if the buildings or other structures also function as essential facilities.

SBC 301 2007 1/9


GENERAL

TABLE 1.4-1: DEFLECTION LIMITSa, b, c, g,

Construction L We D+Lf
Roof membersd
Supporting plaster ceiling l/360 l/360 l/240
Supporting nonplaster ceiling l/240 l/240 l/180
Not supporting ceiling l/180 l/180 l/120
Floor members l/360  l/240
Exterior walls and interior
partitions:
With brittle finishes  l/240 
With flexible finishes  l/120 
Farm buildings   l/180
Greenhouses   l/120
a. For structural roofing and siding made of formed metal sheets, the total load deflection shall not exceed
l/60. For secondary roof structural members supporting formed metal roofing, the live load deflection
shall not exceed l/150. For secondary wall members supporting formed metal siding, the design wind
load deflection shall not exceed l/90. For roofs, this exception only applies when the metal sheets have
no roof covering.
b. Interior partitions not exceeding 1.8 m in height and flexible, folding and portable partitions are not
governed by the provisions of this section. The deflection criterion for interior partitions is based on the
horizontal load defined in Section 4.11.
c. See SBC 201 for glass supports.
d. The above deflections do not ensure against ponding. Roofs that do not have sufficient slope or camber
to assure adequate drainage shall be investigated for ponding. See Chapter 8 for rain and ponding
requirements and SBC 201 for roof drainage requirements.
e. The wind load is permitted to be taken as 0.7 times the “component and cladding” loads for the purpose
of determining deflection limits herein.
f. For steel structural members, the dead load shall be taken as zero.
g. For cantilever members, l shall be taken as twice the length of the cantilever.

1.4.3.2 Reinforced Concrete. The deflection of reinforced concrete structural members


shall not exceed that permitted by SBC 304.
1.4.3.3 Steel. The deflection of steel structural members shall not exceed that permitted by
SBC 306.
1.4.3.4 Masonry. The deflection of masonry structural members shall not exceed that
permitted by SBC 305.

1.4.4 Analysis. Load effects on individual structural members shall be determined by


methods of structural analysis that take into account equilibrium, general stability,
geometric compatibility, and both short- and long-term material properties.
Members that tend to accumulate residual deformations under repeated service
loads shall have included in their analysis the added eccentricities expected to
occur during their service life.

The total lateral force shall be distributed to the various vertical elements of the
lateral-force-resisting system in proportion to their rigidities considering the
rigidity of the horizontal bracing system or diaphragm. Rigid elements that are
assumed not to be a part of the lateral-force-resisting system shall be permitted to
be incorporated into buildings provided that their effect on the action of the system
is considered and provided for in design. Provisions shall be made for the
increased forces induced on resisting elements of the structural system resulting
SBC 301 2007 1/5
WIND LOADS

TABLE 6.4-1:
WIND DIRECTIONALITY FACTOR, Kd
Directionality
Structure Type
Factor Kd*

Buildings
Main Wind Force Resisting System 0.85
Components and Cladding 0.85
Arched Roofs
0.85

Chimneys, Tanks, and Similar Structures


Square 0.90
Hexagonal 0.95
Round 0.95

Solid Signs 0.85

Open Signs and Lattice Framework 0.85

Trussed Towers
Triangular, square, rectangular 0.85
All other cross sections 0.95
* Directionality Factor Kd has been calibrated with combinations of loads specified
in Chapter 2. This factor shall only be applied when used in conjunction with load
combinations specified in Sections 2.3 and 2.4.

6.4.2.2 Surface Roughness Categories. A ground surface roughness within each 45-
degree sector shall be determined for a distance upwind of the site as defined in
Section 6.4.2.3 from the categories defined below, for the purpose of assigning an
exposure category as defined in Section 6.4.2.3.
Surface Roughness B: Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas or other terrain
with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the
size of single-family dwellings or larger.
Surface Roughness C: Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights
generally less than 10 m.
Surface Roughness D: Flat, unobstructed areas and water surfaces.

6.4.2.3 Exposure Categories. Exposure B: Exposure B shall apply where the ground
surface roughness condition, as defined by Surface Roughness B, prevails in the
upwind direction for a distance of at least 800 m or 10 times the height of the
building, whichever is greater.
Exception: For buildings whose mean roof height is less than or equal to 10 m, the
upwind distance may be reduced to 450 m.

Exposure C: Exposure C shall apply for all cases where exposures B or D do not
apply.

SBC 301 2007 6/7


WIND LOADS

6.6.2 Openings.
A determination shall be made of the amount of openings in the building envelope
in order to determine the enclosure classification as defined in Section 6.6.1.

6.6.3 Multiple Classifications.


If a building by definition complies with both the “open” and “partially enclosed”
definitions, it shall be classified as an “open” building. A building that does not
comply with either the “open” or “partially enclosed” definitions shall be
classified as an “enclosed” building.

TABLE 6.5-1: IMPORTANCE FACTOR, I

Regions Regions
Category1 with V = 136-160 with V > 160
km/h km/h

I 0.87 0.77

II 1.00 1.00

III 1.15 1.15

IV 1.15 1.15

1. The building and structure classification categories are defined in Table


1.6-1.

SBC 301 2007 6/9


WIND LOADS

Iraq
166
Turaif
Jordan 180
165 Ar'ar
Al Jouf
170
184
155 Tabouk
Qaisumah
Duba
190
152
Qaseem
Dhahran

152 155 166


Yanbouh Madinah Riyadh

Re
d 152
152
Jeddah
Taif 170
175 Sulayyll
Sea
Bisha
Khamis
Mushayt 152 152
155 Najran
Jizan
Yemen

FIGURE 6.4-1
BASIC 3-SECOND GUST WIND SPEED IN km/h FOR SELECTED CITIES OF SAUDI ARABIA.
ADOPTED FROM SAUDI ARAMCO DATA SAES A-112.

SBC 301 2007 6/10


DESIGN WIND LOAD PROCEDURE

CHAPTER 7
DESIGN WIND LOAD PROCEDURES

SECTION 7.1
METHOD 1 - SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE

7.1.1 Scope. A building whose design wind loads are determined in accordance with
this Section shall meet all the conditions of Section 7.1.1.1 or 7.1.1.2. If a building
qualifies only under Section 7.1.1.2 for design of its components and cladding,
then its main wind force-resisting system shall be designed by Method 2.

7.1.1.1 Main Wind Force-Resisting Systems.


For the design of main wind force-resisting systems, the building must meet all of
the following conditions:
1. The building is a simple diaphragm building as defined in Section 6.2,
2. The building is a low-rise building as defined in Section 6.2,
3. The building is enclosed as defined in Section 6.2,
4. The building is a regular shaped building or structure as defined in Section
6.2, and has an approximately symmetrical cross section in each direction
with either a flat roof, or a gable or hip roof with T d 45 degrees,
5. The building is not classified as a flexible building as defined in Section 6.2,
6. The building does not have response characteristics making it subject to
across-wind loading, vortex shedding, instability due to galloping or flutter;
and does not have a site location for which channeling effects or buffeting in
the wake of upwind obstructions warrant special consideration,
7. The building structure has no expansion joints or separations,
8. The building is not subject to the topographic effects of Section 6.4.3 (i.e.,
Kzt = 1.0).
7.1.1.2 Components and Cladding. For the design of components and cladding the
building must meet all the following conditions:
1. The mean roof height h < 18 m,
2. The building is enclosed as defined in Section 6.2,
3. The building is a regular shaped building or structure as defined in Section
6.2,
4. The building does not have response characteristics making it subject to
across-wind loading, vortex shedding, instability due to galloping or flutter;
and does not have a site location for which channeling effects or buffeting in
the wake of upwind obstructions warrant special consideration,
5. The building is not subject to the topographic effects of Section 6.4.3 (i.e.,
Kzt = 1.0),
6. The building has either a flat roof, or a gable roof with T d 45 degrees, or a
hip roof with T d 27 degrees.

SBC 301 2007 7/1


DESIGN WIND LOAD PROCEDURE

R" = RL setting K = 15.4 n1 L / V z ;


E = damping ratio, percent of critical h, B, L are defined in Section 6.3; and

V z = mean hourly wind speed (m/sec) at height z determined from Eq.7.2-11.

D
§ z · 1
Vz b ¨ ¸ V( ) (Eq. 7.2-11)
10
© ¹ 3.6

where b and D are constants listed in Table 7.2-1 and V is the basic wind speed in
km/h.

7.2.7.3 Limitations Where combined gust effect factors and pressure coefficients (GCp,
GCpi, GCpf) are given in figures and tables, the gust effect factor shall not be
determined separately.

7.2.8 Velocity Pressure.


Velocity pressure, qz evaluated at height z shall be calculated by the following
equation:

qz = 0.0473 x 10-3 KzKztKdV2I (kN/m2); V in km/h (Eq. 7.2-12)


where
Kd is the wind directionality factor defined in Section 6.4.1, Kz is the velocity
pressure exposure coefficient defined in Section 7.2.6 and Kzt is the topographic
factor defined in Section 6.4.3, and qh is the velocity pressure calculated using Eq.
7.2-12 at mean roof height h.

7.2.9 Pressure and Force Coefficients.

7.2.9.1 Internal Pressure Coefficient. Internal pressure coefficients, GCpi shall be


determined from Figure 7.2-1 based on building enclosure classifications
determined from Section 6.6.
7.2.9.1.1 Reduction Factor for Large Volume Buildings. For a partially enclosed building
containing a single, unpartitioned large volume, the internal pressure coefficient,
GCpi, shall be multiplied by the following reduction factor, Ri:
Ri = 1.0
or
§ ·
¨ ¸
¨ 1 ¸
Ri 0.5¨1  ¸ d 1 .0 (Eq. 7.2-13)
¨ Vi ¸
¨ 1 ¸
¨ 6950 Aog ¸
© ¹
where
Aog = total area of openings in the building envelope (walls and roof, in m2)
Vi = unpartitioned internal volume, in m3

SBC 301 2007 7/6


DESIGN WIND LOAD PROCEDURE

7.2.10.2 Main Wind Force-Resisting Systems.


7.2.10.2.1 Rigid Buildings of All Height. Design wind pressures for the main wind force-
resisting system of buildings of all heights shall be determined by the following
equation:
p = qGCp - qi(GCpi) (kN/m2) (Eq. 7.2-14)
where
q = qz for windward walls evaluated at height z above the ground;
q = qh for leeward walls, side walls, and roofs, evaluated at height h;
qi = qh for windward walls, side walls, leeward walls, and roofs of
enclosed buildings and for negative internal pressure evaluation in
partially enclosed buildings;
qi = qz for positive internal pressure evaluation in partially enclosed
buildings where height z is defined as the level of the highest
opening in the building that could affect the positive internal
pressure. For positive internal pressure evaluation, qi may
conservatively be evaluated at height h (qi = qh);
G = gust effect factor from Section 7.2.7;
Cp = external pressure coefficient from Figure 7.2-2 or 7.2-4;
(GCpi) = internal pressure coefficient from Figure 7.2-1
q and qi = shall be evaluated using exposure defined in Section 6.4.2.3.
Pressure shall be applied simultaneously on windward and leeward
walls and on roof surfaces as defined in Figures 7.2-2 and 7.2-5.
7.2.10.2.2 Low-Rise Building. Alternatively, design wind pressures for the main wind force-
resisting system of low-rise buildings shall be determined by the following
equation:
p = qh [(GCpf) - (GCpi)] (kN/m2) (Eq. 7.2-15)
where
qh = velocity pressure evaluated at mean roof height h using exposure
defined in Section 6.4.2.3;
(GCpf) = external pressure coefficient from Figure 7.2-6;
(GCpi) = internal pressure coefficient from Figure 7.2-1.

7.2.10.2.3 Flexible Buildings. Design wind pressures for the main wind force-resisting
system of flexible buildings shall be determined from the following equation:
p = qGf Cp – qi (GCpi) (kN/m2) (Eq. 7.2-16)

where q, qi, Cp and (GCpi) are as defined in Section 7.2.10.2.1 and, Gf = gust effect
factor defined in Section 7.2.7.2

7.2.10.2.4 Parapets. The design wind pressure for the effect of parapets on main wind force-
resisting systems of rigid, low-rise or flexible buildings with flat, gable, or hip
roofs shall be determined by the following equation:
pp = qpGCpn (kN/m2) (Eq. 7.2-17)
where
pp = combined net pressure on the parapet due to the combination of the
net pressures from the front and back parapet surfaces. Plus (and
SBC 301 2007 7/8
DESIGN WIND LOAD PROCEDURE

Main Wind Force Resisting System / Components and Cladding - Method 2 All Heights
Figure 7.2-1 Internal Pressure Coefficient, GCpi Walls & Roofs
Enclosed, Partially Enclosed, and Open Buildings

Enclosure Classification GCpi

Open Buildings 0.00

Partially Enclosed Buildings +0.55


-0.55

Enclosed Buildings +0.18


-0.18

Notes:
Plus and minus signs signify pressures acting toward and away
from the internal surfaces, respectively.
Values of GCpi shall be used with qZ or qh, as specified in 7.2.10.
Two cases shall be considered to determine the critical load
requirements for the appropriate condition:

(i) a positive value of GCpi applied to all internal surfaces


(ii) a negative value of GCpi applied to all internal surfaces

SBC 301 2007 7/19


DESIGN WIND LOAD PROCEDURE

Main Wind Force Resisting System Method 2 All Heights


Figure 7.2-2 (Cont'd) External Pressure Coefficients, Cp Walls & Roofs
Enclosed, Partially Enclosed Buildings
Wall Pressure Coefficients, Cp
Surface L/B CP Use With
Windward Wall All values 0.8 qz
0-1 0.5
Leeward Wall 2 -0.3 qh
t4 -0.2
Side Wall All values -0.7 qh
Roof Pressure Coefficients, Cp, for use with qh
Windward Leeward
Wind Angle, T (degrees) Angle, T (degrees)
Direction h/L 10 15 20 25 30 35 45 t 60# 10 15 t 20
Normal -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.0*
d 0.25 0.4 0.01 T -0.3 -0.5 -0.6
to -0.18 0.0* 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4
ridge for -0.9 -0.7 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.0*
0.01 T -0.5
T t 10 0 0.5 -0.18 -0.18 0.0* 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4
-0.5 -0.6
-1.3** -1.0 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.0*
t 1.0 0.01 T -0.7 -0.6 -0.6
-0.18 -0.18 -0.18 0.0* 0.2 0.2 0.3
Horizontal distance from Cp * Value is provided for interpolation purposes.
Normal windward edge **Value can be reduced linearly with area over
to ridge d 0.5 which it is applicable as follows
for 0 to h/2 -0.9, -0.18
Area (sq m) Reduction Factor
T < 10o h/2 to h -0.9, -0.18
and h to 2 h -0.5, -0.18
d 10 sq m 1.0
Parallel > 2h -0.3,-0.18
to ridge 0 to h/2 -1.3**, -0.18 20 sq m 0.9
for all T t 1.0 > h/2 -0.7,-0.18 t 100 sq m 0.8
Notes
1. Plus and minus signs signify pressures acting toward and away from the surfaces, respectively.
2. Linear interpolation is permitted for values of L/B, h/L and T other than shown. Interpolation shall only be
carried out between values of the same sign. Where no value of the same sign is given, assume 0.0 for
interpolation purposes.
3. Where two values of Cp are listed, this indicates that the windward roof slope is subjected to either positive or
negative pressures and the roof structure shall be designed for both conditions. Interpolation for
intermediate ratios of h/L in this case shall only be carried out between Cp values of like sign.
4. For monoslope roofs, entire roof surface is either a windward or leeward surface.
5. For flexible buildings use appropriate Gf as determined by Section 7.2.7.2.
6. Refer to Figure 7.2-3 for domes and Figure 7.2-4 for arched roofs.
7. Notation:
B: Horizontal dimension of building, in metre, measured normal to wind direction.
L: Horizontal dimension of building, in metre, measured parallel to wind direction.
h: Mean roof height in metres, except that eave height shall be used for T d 10 degrees.
z: Height above ground, in metres.
G: Gust effect factor.
qz,qh: Velocity pressure, in kN/m2, evaluated at respective height.
T : Angle of plane of roof from horizontal, in degrees.
8. For mansard roofs, the top horizontal surface and leeward inclined surface shall be treated as leeward
surfaces from the table.
9. Except for MWFRS's at the roof consisting of moment resisting frames, the total horizontal shear shall not
be less than that determined by neglecting wind forces on roof surfaces.
# For roof slopes greater than 80°, use Cp = 0.8

SBC 301 2007 7/21


DESIGN WIND LOAD PROCEDURE

Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients, Kh and Kz


Table 7.2-2

Height above Exposure (Note 1)


Ground Level, z B C D
(m) Case 1 Case 2 Cases 1 & 2 Cases 1 & 2
0-5 0.72 0.59 0.86 1.04
6 0.72 0.62 0.90 1.08
8 0.72 0.67 0.95 1.13
10 0.72 0.72 1.00 1.18
12 0.76 0.76 1.04 1.22
14 0.79 0.79 1.07 1.25
16 0.82 0.82 1.10 1.28
18 0.85 0.85 1.13 1.31
20 0.88 0.88 1.16 1.33
22 0.90 0.90 1.18 1.35
25 0.93 0.93 1.21 1.38
30 0.98 0.98 1.26 1.43
35 1.03 1.03 1.30 1.47
40 1.07 1.07 1.34 1.50
50 1.14 1.14 1.40 1.56
60 1.20 1.20 1.46 1.61
75 1.28 1.28 1.53 1.67
90 1.35 1.35 1.59 1.73
105 1.41 1.41 1.64 1.77
120 1.46 1.46 1.69 1.82
135 1.51 1.51 1.73 1.85
150 1.56 1.56 1.77 1.89

Notes:
1. Case 1: a. All components and cladding.
b. Main wind force resisting system in low-rise buildings designed using Figure 7.2-6.
Case 2: a. All main wind force resisting systems in buildings except those in low-rise buildings
designed using Figure 7.2-6.
b. All main wind force resisting systems in other structures.
2. The velocity pressure exposure coefficient Kz may be determined from the following formula:

For 5m d z d zg For z < 5m


Kz = 2.01 (z/zg)2/ D Kz = 2.01 (5/zg)2/ D

Note: z shall not be taken less than 10 m for Case 1 in exposure B.

3. D and zg are tabulated in Table 7.2-1.

4. Linear interpolation for intermediate values of height z is acceptable.

5. Exposure categories are defined in 6.4.2.

SBC 301 2007 7/44


CONNECTIONS, JOINTS, AND FASTENERS

TABLE 10.2-3
Minimum Effective Throat Thickness of
Partial-Joint-Penetration Groove Welds
Material Thickness of Thicker Part Minimum Effective Throat
Joined (mm) Thickness[a], (mm)
To 6 inclusive 3
Over 6 to 13 5
Over 13 to 19 6
Over 19 to 38 8
Over 38 to 57 10
Over 57 to 150 13
Over 150 16
[a] See Table 10.2-1

10.2.2 Fillet Welds


10.2.2.1 Effective Area. The effective area of fillet welds shall be as defined in AWS D1.1
Section 2.4.3 and 2.11. The effective throat thickness of a fillet weld shall be the
shortest distance from the root of the joint to the face of the diagrammatic weld,
except that for fillet welds made by the submerged arc process, the effective throat
thickness shall be taken equal to the leg size for 10 mm and smaller fillet welds, and
equal to the theoretical throat plus 3 mm for fillet welds over 10 mm.
For fillet welds in holes and slots, the effective length shall be the length of the
centerline of the weld along the center of the plane through the throat. In the case of
overlapping fillets, the effective area shall not exceed the nominal cross-sectional
area of the hole or slot, in the plane of the faying surface.

TABLE 10.2-4
Minimum Size of Fillet Welds
Material Thickness of Minimum Size of
Thicker Part Joined, mm Fillet Weld[a] mm
To 6 inclusive 3
Over 6 to 13 5
Over 13 to 19 6
Over 19 8
[a] Leg dimension of fillet welds. Single pass welds must be used.
[b] See Section 10.2.2b for maximum size of fillet welds.

10.2.2.2 Limitations
The minimum size of fillet welds shall be not less than the size required to
transmit calculated forces nor the size as shown in Table 10.2-4, which is based
upon experiences and provides some margin for uncalculated stress encountered
during fabrication, handling, transportation, and erection. These provisions do not
apply to fillet weld reinforcements of partial- or complete-joint-penetration welds.
The maximum size of fillet welds of connected parts shall be:
(a) Along edges of material less than 6 mm thick, not greater than the thickness
of the material.
(b) Along edges of material 6 mm or more in thickness, not greater than the
thickness of the material minus 2 mm, unless the weld is especially
designated on the drawings to be built out to obtain full-throat thickness. In
the as-welded condition, the distance between the edge of the base metal and
the toe of the weld is permitted to be less than 2 mm provided the weld size is
clearly verifiable.
For flange-web welds and similar connections, the actual weld size need not be
larger than that required to develop the web capacity, and the requirements of Table
SBC 306 2007 10/5
HSA Stud anchor

HSA Stud anchor


Anchor version Benefits

- Fast & convenient setting


behaviour
HSA Carbon steel
with DIN 125 washer - Reliable ETA approved torqueing
using impact wrench with torque
bar for torque control
HSA-R Stainless
- Small edge and spacing distances
steel A4
with DIN 125 washer - High loads

HSA-R2 Stainless - Three embedment depths for


steel A2 with DIN maximal design flexibility
125 washer - M12, M16 and M20 ETA approved
for diamond cored holes using DD
30-W and matching diamond core
HSA-BW Carbon bit
steel with DIN 9021
washer - Suitable for pre- and through
fastening
- long lengths available suitable for
wood structures fastening
HSA-F Carbon steel applications
hot dipped
galvanized with DIN
125 washer

Small edge Diamond European PROFIS


Concrete Fire Corrosion
distance and drilled Technical CE conformity Anchor design
(uncracked) resistance resistance
spacing holes Assessment software

Approvals / certificates
Description Authority / Laboratory No. / date of issue
European technical approval a) DIBt, Berlin ETA-11/0374 / 2016-08-08
a) All data given in this section according ETA-11/0374, issue 2016-08-08.
Data for HSA-F M20 according to Hilti Technical Data assessment.

11 / 2016 1
HSA Stud anchor

Characteristic resistance
Anchor size M6 M8 M10
Effective anchorage
hef [mm] 30 40 60 30 40 70 40 50 80
depth
HSA, HSA-BW 6,0 7,5 9,0 8,3 12,8 16,0 12,8 17,9 25,0
Tensile
HSA-R2, HSA-R [kN] 6,0 7,5 9,0 8,3 12,8 16,0 12,8 17,9 25,0
NRk
HSA-F 6,0 7,5 9,0 8,3 12,8 15,9 12,8 17,9 25,0
HSA, HSA-BW 6,5 6,5 6,5 8,3 10,6 10,6 18,9 18,9 18,9
Shear
HSA-R2, HSA-R [kN] 7,2 7,2 7,2 8,3 12,3 12,3 22,6 22,6 22,6
VRk
HSA-F 6,5 6,5 6,5 8,3 10,6 10,6 18,9 18,9 18,9

Anchor size M12 M16 M20


Effective anchorage
hef [mm] 50 65 100 65 80 120 75 100 115
depth
HSA, HSA-BW 17,9 26,5 35,0 26,5 36,1 50,0 32,8 50,5 62,3
Tensile
HSA-R2, HSA-R [kN] 17,9 26,5 35,0 26,5 36,1 50,0 32,8 50,5 62,3
NRk
b) b)
HSA-F 17,9 26,5 35,0 26,5 36,1 50,0 32,8 50,5 62,3 b)
Shear HSA, HSA-BW 29,5 29,5 29,5 51,0 51,0 51,0 65,6 85,8 85,8
VRk
HSA-R2, HSA-R [kN] 29,3 29,3 29,3 56,5 56,5 56,5 65,6 91,9 91,9
b) b)
HSA-F 29,5 29,5 29,5 51,0 51,0 51,0 65,6 85,8 85,8 b)
b) Data covered by Hilti Technical Data.

11 / 2016 3
HSA Stud anchor

Geometry washer
Anchor Size M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20
Inner diameter d1
HSA, HSA-R2/ R, HSA-F d1 [mm] 6,4 8,4 10,5 13,0 17,0 21
HSA-BW d1 [mm] 6,4 8,4 10,5 13,0 17,0 22
Outer diameter d2
HSA, HSA-R2/ R, HSA-F d2 [mm] 12,0 16,0 20,0 24,0 30,0 37,0
HSA-BW d2 [mm] 18,0 24,0 30,0 37,0 50,0 60,0
Thickness h
HSA, HSA-R2/ R, HSA-F h [mm] 1,6 1,6 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,0
HSA-BW h [mm] 1,8 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,0 4,0

Anchor dimensions and coding

Product marking and identification of anchor

Beginning of thread: setting depth indicator for hnom,1 Blue ring: setting depth indicator for hnom,2
hnom,1 is reached when non-threaded hnom,2 is reached when the blue
part of the bolt is completely below the ring is completely below the
concrete surface concrete surface

Sleeve Bolt Washer Nut Letter code

Marking: Material code

e.g.
Hilti HSA … Brand and Anchor type
M12 65/50/15 … Anchor Size and the max. tfix,1/ tfix,2/ tfix,3 for the corresponding hnom,1/ hnom,2/ hnom,3

6 11 / 2016

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