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All drilling methods were developed to attain optimal result through efficiency drilling
operations. As a drilling technology growing and to deepen oil well, several concepts were
developed by
engineers to prevent drilling problems and minimize the drill string tripping time. One of these
ideas is
penetrated and installed casing simultaneously at once.
The drilling without pulling out the pipes or DWPP method was known firstly in the early of 20
century. Drilling operation used retractable bit and down hole motor was introduced in 1902.
This
method was applied at oil field in Poland after world first war and used in France in 1928.
Between years 1965 to 1971, the DWPP method was commercialized in Soviet, used in
penetrating at depth 2500-3000 meters.
In Calgary, Canada on 1995, it has been developed of casing drilling program, which is pulled
back out the tools to the surface, including reamer and pilot bit, down hole motor and MWD.
Afterwards, liner with BHA running which is connect on drill pipe string was conceived to
penetrate unstable zones while install casing to protect these zones. After the depth for casing set
has
been reached, inner part of drill string and BHA is released from liner and retrieved it to surface.
Drilling with casing is the use of casing as drill string in drilling operation, to penetrate problem
zone used drillable bit for reaching the target without pull out bit to surface but after that doing
cementing than pull down the bit to drill shoe-track. Basically, it is the same with conventional
drilling
operation.

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The conventional method of drilling a well has been affected by several challenges such
as of purchasing cost, inspecting and handling cost as well as the transportation of drill
string [1].
Whenever need arises for the replacement of the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) or when
total
depth is reached, a common problem is tripping in-and-out of the drill string [2]. The
tripping
of the drill string contributes to both non productive time (NPT) and well control difficulties
such as lost circulation and wellbore instability. The Trouble Time of wells constitute the NPT
of such wells and comprises stuck pipe, lost circulation, well control, mud, cement,
directional,
mechanical and laydown of the casing [3]. An alternative drilling technique known as Casing
Drilling however, addresses these problems [4]. Casing drilling has been employed as an
effective technique for minimizing the total drilling costs by reducing drilling time and
drillstring
problems encountered during conventional drilling process in many countries. In addition to
loss of productive drilling time during tripping, unscheduled events encountered in the cause
of tripping can make the drilling process even more inefficient and can lead to loss of well.
While the potential savings from reducing drillstring tripping and handling times are
primarily
important, the savings from reducing wellbore problems may be more significant.
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There are two major reasons for drilling oil and gas wells: (i) to produce
hydrocarbons from formations that contains the hydrocarbon and (ii) for
hydrocarbon production enhancement by the injection of fluids into the
formations. Obtaining hydrocarbons from reservoirs were found to be
complex, thus, a need for the development of adequate drilling techniques to
overcome these challenges. The rotary drilling process substituted
percussion (cable) drilling in the 1930s and it involves attaching drill bit to
the end of a length of hollow pipe and the bit is replaced whenever it is worn
out.

The conventional method of drilling a well has been affected by several

challenges such as of purchasing cost, inspecting and handling cost as well
as the transportation of drill string. Whenever need arises for the
replacement of the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) or when total depth is
reached, a common problem is tripping in-and-out of the drill string. The
tripping of the drill string contributes to both non productive time (NPT) and
well control difficulties such as lost circulation and wellbore instability. The
Trouble Time of wells constitute the NPT of such wells and comprises stuck
pipe, lost circulation, well control, mud, cement, directional, mechanical and
laydown of the casing.The necessity to cut down on the trip time and reduce
operating cost, led to the introduction of casing drilling technique.
Casing drilling did not find a wide application due to the technological
difficulties experienced in the late 19th century and a major part of the 20th
century. The first patent of casing drilling dates back to 1890, which involved
a rotary drilling process for drilling the well with the casing and afterwards
retrieving the hydraulically expandable bit. Another patent was introduced in
1926, which included a retrievable and re-runnable casing bit. The
advantages of this patent were the elimination of drill pipe, reductions in
overall drilling time, stuck pipe, crew and drilling costs. Other benefits
included application of few casing string, decrease in accident occurrence on
the rig and the ability to drill every foot in the well. However, the first
extensive work on casing drilling was accomplished by Brown Oil Tools
Company in the 1960s. This patent developed a casing drive system which
comprised down hole and surface tools which were used to drill with the
casing and retrievable bits.These components included casing centralisers,
wire line retrievable drilling assembly, under reamer, casing drive tool and
top drive. This patent, like the works that preceded it, was not successful
due to the unavailability of the required technology. Interestingly, the patent
encouraged the development and commercialization of the top drive. Tesco
Corporation Ltd. eventually developed a casing drive system in the late
1990s, which was approved by the drilling industry. This system has been
successful in reducing well costs and eliminating NPT . Cost savings result
through the elimination of purchasing, handling, inspecting, transporting,
and tripping the drillstring while reducing hole problems that are associated
with tripping. In addition, signifycant savings can be gained through a
reduction of rig equipment needs and operating costs. Although modest
savings may be achieved by reducing drillstring tripping and handling times
in trouble-free wells, savings incurred through a reduction of hole problems
can become far more substantial. The casing drilling system can reduce
these incidents by eliminating tripping operations and providing a drillstring
that is less prone to vibrations. Casing drilling involves the simultaneous
drilling and casing of well with a casing string .The casing string replaces the
drill pipe and other drill string components used in conventional well drilling.
The casing is usually put into rotary motion and cemented in the well at the
total depth (TD) . It is imperative to note that the grade, size and weight of
the casing string used in this process is not different from the casing set in
place after drilling a well traditionally.
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 In the late 1990s, the idea of casing while drilling has finally been accepted in O&G
industry. The conventional method of drilling a well has been fraught with challenges
such as cost of purchasing, inspecting, handling and transporting the drill string. A
common problem is the tripping in-and-out of the drill string whenever the Bottom Hole
Assembly (BHA) needs to be replaced or when total depth is reached. The tripping of
the drill string not only contributes to non-productive time (NPT) but also leads to well
control difficulties such as wellbore instability and lost circulation. Since these problems
had to be solved there was a need for a new method - casing while drilling (CwD) - to
address these issues (Abubakar et al. 2012).
The first steps in developing this new method have been made in the 1890s, when
engineers applied new approach, based on rotary drilling process for drilling the well
with the casing and afterwards retrieving the hydraulically expandable bit (Tessari &
Madell, 1999). Few decades later, precisely in 1926, a new patent, which included
retrievable and re-runnable casing bit, was presented. Although it still has not been
accepted very well, this patent had numerous advantages. Some of those advantages
were: elimination of drill pipe, reductions in overall drilling time, stuck pipe, crew and
drilling costs; application of few casing string, decrease in accident occurrence on the
rig and the ability to drill every foot in the well. These advantages were first recognized
by Brown Oil Tools Company. In 1960s, they developed a casing drive system, which
comprised down hole and surface tools which were used to drill with the casing and
retrievable bits, and applied it on drilling wells (Fontenot et al. 2005). This casing drive
system is considered to be the ancestor of today’s top drive systems, including Tesco
casing drive system, which is now a standard for casing while drilling. Tesco system has
been successful in reducing well costs and eliminating non-productive time in drilling
industry.

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