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Practical dielectrics
• Only two basic types of dielectric merit serious consideration for high voltage d.c.
cables;
• These are impregnated paper and polythene.
• Other dielectrics, such as vulcanized rubber and PVC., are available but are not
considered to be sufficiently developed or having suitable characteristics for
highly stressed and economic high voltage d.c. cables.

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• Further it can be classified as

Impregnated paper

Mass and Pre-impregnated Soil type

dielectric
Gas-filled pre-impregnated dielectric
Oil filled impregnated paper

Polyether

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Impregnated paper

• This consists basically of insulating paper, dried and thoroughly

impregnated with a compound to give a high electric strength.
• This type of dielectric is divisible in to three further classes

• Mass and Pre-impregnated Soil type dielectric

• Gas-filled pre-impregnated dielectric
• Oil filled impregnated paper

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• Mass and Pre-impregnated Soil type dielectric

• Conductor is insulated with un impregnated paper

• It is subsequently dried in VACUO and then impregnated with an insulating oil which is
viscous but down to room temperature.
• The cable is provided with a lead sheath to prevent water affecting the dielectric, and
armor is provided if required.
• In the pre-impregnated type of cable the papers comprising the dielectric are dried
and pre-impregnated in sheet form on a special machine with a compound which is
solid throughout the working temperature range.
• Subsequently, the paper rolls are slit into pools and applied to the cable conductor under
a molten compound having a high solidifying point.
• Both types of dielectric in this category are suitable only for voltages up to 33 KV a.c.,
with limited dielectric stresses and temperature ratings

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Gas-filled pre-impregnated dielectric

• This type of dielectric consists of pre-impregnated papers applied to the conductor in air
with gaps between edges of adjacent turns of paper.
• After the cable and joint terminations have been completely installed the dielectric is
charged with nitrogen gas to a pressure of 200 lb/sq in.
• The lead sheath being reinforced with thin metal tapes to withstand this pressure.
• This type of dielectric is used for alternating voltages from 33 kv up to about 275 kv the
dielectric stress rating is 100 KV/cm, and the temperature rating is 85degree C.
• The cable Dielectric is non-draining up to the maximum service temperature and because
of di electric design no sheath distension occurs.

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Oil filled impregnated paper

• In this case the conductor is lapped with un impregnated papers and subsequently, after
vacuum drying the whole cable, it is sheathed prior to finishing the drying in vacuo.
• The cables are provided with oil conservators at the ends for transport to site.
• To allow for oil expansion with temperature changes and after the joints and scaling ends
have been installed completely, oil reservoirs or conservators are connected at suitable
points, such as the terminations.
• When the cable is heated the expanded oil flows longitudinally along the cable structure
via the hollow conductor, or via the padding spaces in a multi core cable, to these
reservoirs.
• The dielectric stress rating is of the order of l00 kV/cm, Since all the spaces between
papers in the dielectric are filled with oil and the ionization stress is high

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