Stat 130n

Biostatistics
STUDENT LEARNING GUIDE

Norberto E. Milla
Virgelio M. Alao
Meralyn R. Lebante

College of
ARTS AND SCIENCES

Department of
STATISTICS 2021
No copies, temporary or permanent, in whole or in part, of
this IM shall be made without written permission from the
author.
Stat 130n – Biostatistics i

Vision

A globally competitive university for science, technology,

and environmental conservation

Mission

Development of a highly competitive human resource,

cutting-edge scientific knowledge, and innovative
technologies for sustainable communities and environment.

Quality Policy

The Visayas State University (VSU) is a higher education institution created

by law to provide excellent instruction, conduct relevant research, and foster
community engagement that produce highly competent graduates necessary
for the development of the country. Toward this end, we, at the Visayas State
University, commit to:
1. produce highly competent, quality, and world-class manpower in science
and technology (S&T), especially for agriculture, environmental
management, and industry who are proficient in communication skills,
critical thinking, and analytical abilities,
2. generate and disseminate relevant knowledge and technology that lead to
improved productivity, profitability, and sustainability in agriculture,
environment, and industry,
3. satisfy the needs of the industry, the community, and government sector
who are in need of quality graduates and technology ready for
commercialization through the establishment, operation, maintenance,
and continuous improvement of a Quality Management System which is
aligned with the requirements of ISO 9001:2015.
It shall be the policy of the university that the quality policies and procedures
are communicated to and understood by all faculty, staff, students, and other
stakeholders and that the system shall be continually improved for their
relevance and effectiveness.
 For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 ii

Student Learning Guide in

Title
Stat 130n – Biostatistics
Page

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
Stat 130n – Biostatistics iii

Foreword

The course Stat 130n- Biostatistics is the first edition of a printed instructional
material (IM) written by the authors in embracing this “New Normal” brought
about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the limited time, the authors were
able to produce this quality standard IM with patience, perseverance and
diligence as their contribution to education just so “No Viscan will be left
behind”. I am certain that the long years of teaching experience enabled them
to gather valuable notes, reading materials and mnemonics to make the
teaching of Biostatistics easy to follow and understand. It gives emphasis on
the principles of data analysis including numerical summaries of data, test of
hypotheses, analysis of variance for designed experiments, correlation and
regression analyses, and nonparametric statistics.
This Learning Guide in particular is important as it provides the basic
knowledge on Statistics. It serves as a strong foundation to the subject or as a
prerequisite of the higher course such as research course in the degree
program Doctor of Veterinary Medicine that the student shall take in the
following semester.
Feedback from peers, students, and other users is highly appreciated to further
improve this initial edition of our IM in Stat 130n as you traverse your first
journey in the new normal of education. Godspeed!

CANDELARIO L. CALIBO, Ph.D., RCh

CAS Dean
 For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 iv

Acknowledgment

The authors are deeply thankful to Ms. Monna E. Bengalan for her expertise
in the typesetting and printing of this student learning guide and Mr. Francis D.
Espina in the sorting and binding of the copies of this student learning guide.

The Authors

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
Stat 130n – Biostatistics v

About the Author

NORBERTO E. MILLA

He is a faculty and former head of the

Department of Statistics of the Visayas
State University. He is a graduate of
BS Statistics from the then Visayas
State College of Agriculture (now
Visayas State University). He obtained
his MS in Statistics and PhD in
Statistics from University of the
Philippines- Diliman and University of
the Philippines- Los Banos,
respectively. He has been in the
academe for more than 20 years
teaching mathematics and statistics
courses to undergraduate and
graduate students.

VIRGELIO M. ALAO

An assistant professor and the current

head of the Department of Statistics,
Visayas State University (VSU), Visca,
Baybay City, Leyte. He earned the
degree of Master of Science in
Statistics at the University of the
Philippines (UP), Diliman, Quezon City
in 2015 under the CHED-HEDP-FDP II
scholarship. He completed the
coursework and passed the
comprehensive examination leading to
a Master of Science in Mathematics at
Cebu Normal University, Cebu City in
2012. He graduated Bachelor of
Science in Statistics at VSU (formerly
LSU), Visca, Baybay City, Leyte in
2007. He is happily married to Aileen
O. Malinao-Alao and blessed with a
beautiful daughter, Princess Vherlyn
M. Alao.
 For instructional purposes only • 2nd Semester SY 2020-2021 vi

MERALYN R. LEBANTE

The author earned her BS degree in

Statistics from the Visayas State
University and currently pursuing her
master’s degree in management at the
same university. She is presently a
part-time instructor at the Department
of Statistics of the Visayas State
University.

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
 COURSE INFORMATION
2nd semester AY 2020 – 2021

Stat 130n – Biostatistics

09:00- 10:00 MW (Lecture), 01:00- 4:00 W (Laboratory)

Name of the Program Doctor of Veterinary Medicine

Course Code Stat 130n
Course Title Biostatistics
Pre-requisite None
Co-requisite None
Credit 3 units
Semester Offered 2nd semester
Number of hours 2 hours lecture and 3 hours laboratory per week
Course Description Principles of data analysis including numerical summaries of
data, test of hypotheses, analysis of variance for designed
experiments, correlation and regression analyses, and
nonparametric statistics
Course Outcomes CO1: Understand the principles of statistical data analysis;
CO2: Design experiments;
CO3: Analyze data using statistical software;
CO4: Present results of statistical analysis in the most
appropriate manner; and
CO5: Interpret results of statistical analysis.

Course Content Plan

Week Topic Learning Task Assessment Schedule of
Task Submission
Class Orientation
Module 0. • Virtual Meeting #1
Course • Written
Information Instructions
through the
Class Policies and Course
Requirements, Information
01 Grading System, • Taking down of
notes, class
interactions,
sharing of ideas, &
feedbacks during
the virtual meeting

CO1
Module 1. • Learning • Learning • Answers to
Introduction Instructions Activity at the Lessons
through the end of every 1.1-1.3
Lesson 1.1 Student lesson (not learning
Statistics in Learning Guides graded) activities
Veterinary (Independent should be
01
Science Study) submitted
before the
Lesson 1.2 scheduled
virtual
 For instructional purposes only ·2nd Semester of SY 2020-2021 2

Variables and meeting on

Their Week 2
Classification

Lesson 1.3
Types of Data and
Different Forms of
Data presentation

Lesson 1.4 • Learning • Learning • Answers to

Frequency Instructions Activity at the Lessons
Distribution through the end of every 1.4-1.5
Student lesson (not learning
Lesson 1.5 Learning Guides graded) activities
Numerical (Independent • Online should be
02 Summaries of Study) Exercise no. submitted
Data • Virtual Meeting 1.1 (Module 1, before the
#2 Lessons 1.1- scheduled
1.2) class
consultation
on Week 3
CO1
Module 2. • Learning • Learning • Answers to
Probability and Instructions Activity at the Lessons 2.1-
Probability through the end of every 2.2 learning
Distributions Student lesson (not activities
Learning Guides graded) should be
Lesson 2.1 (Independent • Online submitted
Basic Concepts of Study) Exercise no. before the
Probability • Consultation, 1.2 (Module 1, scheduled
class Lessons 1.3- virtual
03 Lesson 2.2 interactions, and 1.4) meeting on
Fundamental feed backing of Week 4
Probability Rules submitted output
from learning
exercises
through email,
SMS, of FB
Messenger Chat
Group

Lesson 2.3 • Learning • Learning • Answers to

Conditional Instructions Activity at the Lessons 2.3-
Probability through the end of every 2.4 learning
Student lesson (not activities
Lesson 2.4 Learning Guides graded) should be
04 Some Discrete (Independent • Online submitted
and Continuous Study) Exercise no. before the
Probability • Virtual Meeting 2.1 (Module 2, scheduled
Distributions #3 Lessons 2.1- class
2.2) consultation
on Week 5

CO1

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
 3 Stat 130n – Biostatistics

Module 3. • Learning • Learning • Answers to

Sampling and Instructions activity at the Lessons 3.1-
Sample Size through the end of every 3.2 learning
Determination Student Learning lesson (not activities
Guides graded) should be
Lesson 3.1 (Independent • Online submitted
Basic Sampling Study) Exercise no. before the
Techniques • Consultation, 2.2 (Module 2, scheduled
class Lessons 2.3- virtual
05 Lesson 3.2 interactions, and 2.4) meeting on
Sample Size feed backing of Week 6
Determination submitted output
from learning
exercises
through email,
SMS, of FB
Messenger Chat
Group
CO1, CO3, CO4, CO5
Module 4. • Learning • Learning • Answers to
Test of Instructions Activity at the Lesson 4.1-
Hypotheses through the end of every 4.3 learning
Student Learning lesson (not activities
Lesson 4.1 Guides graded) should be
Basic Statistical (Independent • Online First submitted
Concepts in Study) Long before the
Statistical • Virtual Meeting Examination scheduled
Hypotheses #4 (Modules 1 & class
2) consultation
Lesson 4.2 on Week 7
Test of Hypothesis
06 on the Population
Mean

Lesson 4.3
Test of Hypothesis
on the Two
Population Means

Lesson 4.4 • Learning • Learning • Answers to

Test of Hypothesis Instructions Activity at the Lessons 4.4-
on the Population through the end of every 4.5 learning
Proportion Student Learning lesson (not activities
Guides graded) should be
Lesson 4.5 (Independent • Online submitted
Test of Hypothesis Study) Exercise no. 3 before the
on the Two • Consultation, (Module 3) scheduled
07 Population class virtual
Proportions interactions, and meeting on
feed backing of week 8
submitted output
from learning
exercises
through email,
SMS, of FB

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
 For instructional purposes only ·2nd Semester of SY 2020-2021 4

Messenger Chat
Group
Lesson 4.6 • Learning • Learning • Answers to
Test of Hypothesis Instructions Activity at the Lessons 4.6-
on the Population through the end of every 4.7 learning
Variance Student Learning lesson (not activities
Guides graded) should be
08 Lesson 4.7 (Independent • Online submitted
Test of Hypothesis Study) Exercise no. before the
on the Two • Virtual Meeting 4.1 (Module 4, scheduled
Population #5 Lessons 4.1- class
Variances 4.5) consultation
on week 9
CO1, CO2, CO3, CO4, CO5
Module 5. • Learning • Learning • Answers to
Experimental Instructions Activity at the Lessons 5.1-
Designs and through the end of every 5.2 learning
Analysis of Student Learning lesson (not activities
Variance Guides graded) should be
(Independent • Online submitted
Lesson 5.1 Study) Exercise no. before the
Basic Principles of • Consultation, 4.2 (Module 4, scheduled
Experimental class Lessons 4.6- virtual
09
Designs interactions, and 4.7) meeting on
feed backing of Week 10
Lesson 5.2 submitted output
Completely from learning
Randomized exercises
Design (CRD) through email,
SMS, of FB
Messenger Chat
Group
Lesson 5.3 • Learning • Learning • Answers to
Randomized Instructions Activity at the Lessons 5.3
Complete Block through the end of every learning
Design (RCBD) Student Learning lesson (not activity
Guides graded) should be
10 (Independent • Online Second submitted
Study) Long before the
• Virtual Meeting Examination scheduled
#6 (Modules 3 & class
4) consultation
on Week 11
Lesson 5.4 • Learning • Learning • Answers to
Multiple Instructions Activity at the Lessons 5.4
Comparisons through the end of every learning
Procedures Student Learning lesson (not activity
Guides graded) should be
11 (Independent • Online submitted
Study) Exercise no. before the
• Consultation, 5.1 (Module 5, scheduled
class Lessons 5.1- virtual
interactions, and 5.3) meeting on
feed backing of Week 12

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
 5 Stat 130n – Biostatistics

submitted output
from learning
exercises
through email,
SMS, of FB
Messenger Chat
Group
Lesson 5.5 • Learning • Learning • Answers to
Design and Instructions Activity at the Lessons 5.5
Analysis of through the end of every learning
Experiments with Student Learning lesson (not activities
Several Factors Guides graded) should be
12 (Independent • Online submitted
Study) Exercise no. before the
• Virtual Meeting 5.2 (Module 5, scheduled
#7 Lesson 5.4 class
consultation
on Week 13
CO1, CO3, CO4, CO5
Module 6. • Learning • Learning • Answers to
Correlation and Instructions Activity at the Lessons 6.1
Regression through the end of every learning
Analyses Student Learning lesson (not activity
Guides graded) should be
Lesson 6.1 (Independent • Online submitted
Correlation Study) Exercise no. before the
Analysis • Consultation, 5.3 (Module 5,
scheduled
class Lesson 5.5)
13 virtual
interactions, and
feed backing of meeting on
submitted output Week 14
from learning
exercises
through email,
SMS, of FB
Messenger Chat
Group
Lesson 6.2 • Learning • Learning • Answers to
Simple Linear Instructions Activity at the Lessons 6.2
Regression through the end of every learning
Analysis Student Learning lesson (not activity
Guides graded) should be
14 (Independent • Online Third submitted
Study) Long before the
• Virtual Meeting Examination scheduled
#8 (Module 5) class
consultation
on Week 15
Lesson 6.3 • Learning • Learning • Answers to
Multiple Linear Instructions Activity at the Lessons 6.3-
Regression through the end of every 6.4 learning
Analysis Student Learning lesson (not activities
15
Guides graded) should be
Lesson 6.4 (Independent • Online submitted
Regression Study) Exercise no. before the
Diagnostics

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
 For instructional purposes only ·2nd Semester of SY 2020-2021 6

• Consultation, 6.1 (Module 6, scheduled

class Lesson 6.1- virtual
interactions, and 6.2) meeting on
feed backing of Week 16
submitted output
from learning
exercises
through email,
SMS, of FB
Messenger Chat
Group
CO1, CO3, CO4, CO5
Module 7. • Learning • Learning • Answers to
Logistic Instructions Activity at the Lessons 7.1-
Regression through the end of every 7.2 learning
Student Learning lesson (not activities
Lesson 7.1 Guides graded) should be
16
Odds Ratios and (Independent • Online submitted
Relative Risks Study) Exercise no. before the
• Virtual Meeting 6.2 (Module 6,
Lesson 7.2 scheduled
#9 Lesson 6.3-
Simple Logistic 6.4) class
Regression consultation
on week 17
Lesson 7.3 • Learning • Learning • Answers to
Multiple Logistic Instructions Activity at the Lessons 7.3
Regression through the end of every learning
Student Learning lesson (not activity
Guides graded) should be
(Independent • Online submitted
Study) Exercise no. before the
• Consultation, 7.1 (Module 7,
scheduled
class Lesson 7.1-
interactions, and 7.2) virtual
feed backing of meeting on
submitted output week 18
17 from learning
exercises
through email,
SMS, of FB
Messenger Chat
Group
• Virtual Meeting • Online Fourth
#10 Long
• Consultation, Examination
class (Modules 6 &
interactions, and 7)
feed backing of
18 submitted output
from learning
exercises
through email,
SMS, of FB
Messenger Chat
Group

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
 7 Stat 130n – Biostatistics

Course Assessment and Evaluation

Item Percentage Individual Task
Assessment Tasks No. of Times
No. Contribution % Contribution
1 Exercises (E) 40% 13 3.08/E
2 Long Examinations (LE) 60% 4 15/LE

Grading System (50% Passing)

Range Grade Range Grade
96 - 100 1.00 56 - 61 2.75
91 - 95 1.25 50 - 55 3.00
86 - 90 1.50 44 - 49 3.25
80 - 85 1.75 38 - 43 3.50
74 - 79 2.00 32 - 37 3.75
68 - 73 2.25 26 - 31 4.00
62 - 67 2.50 Below 26 5.00

Course Policies
a. This course’s official virtual classroom is VSU E-Learning Portal
(https://elearning.vsu.edu.ph ). A class orientation will be done in relation to the use
and navigation of the said VSU E-Learning Portal.

b. The Student Learning Guide in Stat 130n- Biostatistics (in two or more volumes)
is available in printed copies for offline learning and in online form for online learning.
The printed copies will be sent to the students’ individual home addresses. For
students who opted for the online learning modality, the same materials are available
in the VSU E-Learning Portal as PDF files. All students are tasked to read and
understand the lessons presented by module in the form available to them. They
should answer the pretest at the start of every module as well as the posttest at
the end of every module for their personal assessment of their overall knowledge
before and after completing each module. All students are also tasked to answer
completely each Learning Activity at the end of every lesson. This part is not
graded as the purpose is for the students to personally evaluate the extent of learning
that they were able to achieve after studying each lesson at their own pace.
Submission instructions are given in e).

Answers/outputs to each Learning Activity will be given attention/discussed one week

after it is conducted (based on the schedule in the Course Content Plan) through the
virtual meeting or consultation with and follow-up of the students by the course
instructor. A laboratory exercise will be given after each module or lesson, except
when there is a long examination scheduled on that week, as indicated in the Course
Content Plan. A Long Examination will be given for every two (2) modules
completed (except for the third long examination which covers only one module) as
indicated in the Course Content Plan. Laboratory exercises and long exams will be
given online.

c. For online instructions, Google Meet will be used both for real-time virtual meetings
with the course instructor to be held during the class schedule every other week
starting on the second week of classes. This will be the means for synchronous (i.e.,
all students are around) instruction. Username and password link will be posted in
VSU E-Learning Portal. Attendance to the virtual meetings (as scheduled in the
Course Content Plan) is highly encouraged but not compulsory. Sharing of ideas,
giving of feedback to the students’ answers/outputs in the Learning Activity, and
other related concerns of the course will be done during this time. If a student cannot
attend a virtual meeting/consultation due to Internet connection limitations, among

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
 For instructional purposes only ·2nd Semester of SY 2020-2021 8

other reasons, the student is advised to consult the course instructor thru e-mail, SMS
(Short Message Service), or FB messenger. Consultation with the course instructor or
follow up of the students thru SMS, e-mail, or FB messenger is scheduled when there
is no virtual meeting for that week (during the class schedule) as reflected in the
Course Content and Plan. The students can also consult the course instructor during
her consultation period (as stated in the last part of this course information).

d. For offline instructions, the weekly sharing of ideas, giving of feedback to the
students’ answers/outputs in the Learning Activity, and other related concerns of the
course will be done thru SMS, e-mail, and FB messenger chat group. The course
instructor is available for consultation during the class schedule and her consultation
period (indicated in the last part of this course syllabus). The course instructor will also
follow-up or contact the students whenever necessary thru SMS, e-mail, or FB
messenger to give feedback and advise.

e. Submission of answers/outputs in the Learning Activities should be done as early

as possible and before the virtual meeting or consultation with the course instructor
scheduled on the following week. On the other hand, submission of the answers to
each laboratory exercise and long examination should be done not later than one
(1) week after these were given/received. All submissions (for the learning activities,
laboratory exercises, and long examinations) should be done preferably through the
VSU E-Learning Portal or through e-mail for students with Internet access. However,
if the Internet connection is not stable, submissions may be done through a courier to
the following address:

Department of Statistics
2nd Floor, Old Library Building
Visayas State University, Visca
Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines

The course instructor’s name should be placed before the name of the department.
The student must state his or her name, course number and title, class schedule, and
the requirement/s being submitted (e.g., Answers to Lessons 1.1-1.4 exercises) on
the information part for the sender.

f. All students are reminded to observe all policies, regulations, and rules of the
university and other related laws of the land and are advised to read, understand, and
practice the provision of the VSU Student Manual.

These class policies shall serve as our written agreement for the whole semester. The
students will be informed immediately of any changes on these policies that may arise for
reasons of improving the delivery of the quality of instructions for betterment of the
Teaching and Learning Process at this time of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Instructor/Professor Information
Name of Instructor/Professor
Meralyn R. Lebante
Office and Department Faculty Room No. 1, Department of Statistics
Telephone/Mobile Numbers 0955 866 9709/ 0918 636 4693
Email Address mr.lebante@gmail.com
Consultation Time 1-4 Thursday and Friday

Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge
and innovative technologies for sustainable communities and environment.
 DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
College of Arts and Sciences

For inquiries, contact:

VIRGELIO M. ALAO
virgelio.alao@vsu.edu.ph • depstat@vsu.edu.ph
+63 53 565 0600 Local 1035

Visca, Baybay City, Leyte

Philippines 6521
information@vsu.edu.ph
+63 53 565 0600