SUBJECT: PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION MODULE 1

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PROFESSOR: MRS. MARICAR T. CALILIW 2 YEAR SUMMER CLASS

MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION
TO 1. Transmitter – Collection of electronic
components and circuits designed to convert the
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION information into a signal suitable for transmission
over a given communications medium.
INTRODUCTION 2. Communication Channel – Is the medium by
Communication – is the basic process of exchanging which the electronic signal is sent from one
information. place to another.
3. Receiver – Another collection of electronic
TWO MAIN BARRIERS TO HUMAN components and circuits that accept the
COMMUNICATION transmitted message from the channel and
1. Language convert it back into form understandable by
2. Distance humans.
4. Noise – Random, undesirable electric energy
EVOLUTION OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION that enters the communication system via the
 1440 – Gutenberg invents the printing press. communicating medium and interferes with the
 1844 – Morse patents the telegraph. transmitted message.
 1866 – First successful use of a transatlantic
telegraph code. CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRONIC
 1876 – Bell invents and patents the COMMUNICATION
telephone.  One-way or two-way transmission
 1879 – Eastman develops photographic film.  Analog versus digital signals
 1887 – Hertz discovered radio waves.  Baseband or modulated signals
 1895 – Marconi demonstrates wireless
telegraphy. TWO BASIC TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
 1901 – Marconi makes first transatlantic 1. Simplex – one-way communication.
radio transmission. Example:
 1903 – The Fleming “valve” is invented. o AM and FM Broadcasting
 1906 – De Forest invents the triode Vacuum o TV Broadcasting
tube and the first radio telephone broadcast. o Cable TV
 1923 – Television is invented. o Facsimile
 1931 – Radio astronomy is discovered. o Wireless Remote Control
o Paging Services
 1940 – 1945 – RADAR is perfected and
o Telemetry
helps in World War II.
o Radio astronomy
 1948 – Transistor is invented.
o Music services
 1954 – Color television broadcasting begins.
o Navigation and direction – finding
 1959 – The integrated circuit is invented. services
 1962 – First communication satellite. 2. Duplex – two-way communication.
Example:
THREE MAJOR FIELDS OF ELECTRONICS o Telephones
1. Computer o Two-way radio
2. Communication o Radar
3. Control Principles o Data
o Local Area
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM o Sonar Communication
o Amateur radio network
o Citizen radio

TWO TYPES OF SIGNALS

1. Analog Signal
2. Digital Signal

Analog signal is a continuously varying voltage or

current. A typical analog signal is a sine wave tone.
Voice and video voltages are analog signals. The other
type of transmitted signal falls under the broad general
category of Digital.
SUBJECT: PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION MODULE 1
ND
PROFESSOR: MRS. MARICAR T. CALILIW 2 YEAR SUMMER CLASS

THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM 5. Medium Frequency – the major application of

Electromagnetic spectrum is the entire range of frequencies in this range is AM radio
frequencies. broadcasting.
6. High Frequency – these are the frequencies
Electromagnetic signal consists of electric and generally known as “shortwaves”. All kinds of
magnetic fields that travel through space for long two-way radio communications take place in this
distance. range as well as some shortwave radio
broadcasting.
Frequency – is the number of times a particular 7. Very High Frequencies – this is an extremely
phenomenon occurs in a given period of time. popular frequency range and is used by many
services including mobile radio, marine, and
Wavelength – is the distance travelled by an aeronautical communications, FM radio
electromagnetic wave during the time of one cycle. broadcasting and television channels 2 through
13.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREQUENCY AND 8. Ultrahigh Frequency – it is widely used for land
WAVELENGTH mobile communications and services such as
cellular telephones.
9. Super High Frequencies - This are microwave
frequencies that are widely used for satellite
Where; communications and radar.
- is in meters 10. Extremely High Frequencies - Equipment used
f – in MHz to generate and receive signals in this range is
extremely complex and expensive. Presently
there is only a limited amount of activity in this
range, but it does include satellite
communications and some specialized radar.
11. Infrared – Infrared refers to radiation generally
associates with heat. Anything that produces
heat generates infrared signals. Infrared is
produced by light bulbs, our bodies, and any
physical equipment that generates heat. Infrared
signals can also be generated by special types
of light emitting diodes.
12. Visible Spectrum – the visible range is
approximately 8,000Å to 4,000Å.

BANDWIDTH
It is that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum
occupied by a signal.

It is also the frequency range over which a

receiver or other electronic circuit operates.

Is the difference between the upper and lower

1. Extremely Low Frequencies – these include ac frequency limits of the signal or the equipment operation
power line frequencies as well as those range.
frequencies in the low end of the human hearing
range.
2. Voice Frequencies – this is the normal range of
human speech. Although human hearing
extends from approximately 20 to 20,000 Hz
most intelligible sound occurs in VF range.
3. Very Low Frequencies – Many musical
instruments also make sound in this range. It is
also used by the navy to communicate with
submarines.
4. Low Frequency – the primary communications
services in this range are those used in
aeronautical and marine navigation.